Holistic processing for faces operates over a wide range of sizes but is strongest at identification rather than conversational distances

How does holistic/configural processing, a key property of face perception, vary with distance from an observed person? Two techniques measured holistic processing in isolation from part-based contributions to face perception: salience bias to upright in transparency displays, and a difficult-to-see Mooney face. Results revealed an asymmetric inverted-U-shaped tuning to simulated observer-target distance (stimulus size and viewer-screen distance combinations). Holistic processing peaked at distances functionally relevant for identification during approach (2-10 m; equivalent head size = 6-1.3°), fell off steeply at closer distances functionally relevant for understanding emotional nuances and speech (.25-2 m), and operated over a very wide range of distances (from .46 to 23 m, 47.5-0.6°).     

苏星SX435-B洗片机原理分析及常见故障检修

对苏星SX435-B的电路原理进行分析,对工作中碰到的几例故障检修进行总结。     

血透设备维护与并发症

通过对血液透析机及水处理系统维护保养,消除了因透析而引起的并发症。延长了血透机的使用寿命，提高了透析质量。     

Inspection time predicts individual differences in everyday functioning among elderly adults: Testing discriminant validity

Aim: Inspection time (IT) is a processing speed measure, recently investigated as a biomarker of ageing. This study examined whether earlier IT predicts subsequent problems in everyday functioning in community‐dwelling elderly people. Methods: Participants completed IT at baseline, 6 months and 18 months. At 42 months, two groups of 15 elderly people matched for education and age (74–88 years) and selected for slower or faster baseline IT, completed a fourth estimate of IT and a practical assessment of everyday functioning (Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living – Adelaide). Results: At 42 months, the group with slower baseline IT had significantly poorer performance (slower completion, higher errors) on more than half of the everyday functioning tasks. Conclusion: Slower IT predicts difficulties up to 4 years later in everyday functioning of elderly adults, providing discriminant validation for IT as a biomarker for future changes.     

The role of trauma-related distractors on neural systems for working memory and emotion processing in posttraumatic stress disorder

The relevance of emotional stimuli to threat and survival confers a privileged role in their processing. In PTSD, the ability of trauma-related information to divert attention is especially pronounced. Information unrelated to the trauma may also be highly distracting when it shares perceptual features with trauma material. Our goal was to study how trauma-related environmental cues modulate working memory networks in PTSD. We examined neural activity in participants performing a visual working memory task while distracted by task-irrelevant trauma and non-trauma material. Recent post-9/11 veterans were divided into a PTSD group (n = 22) and a trauma-exposed control group (n = 20) based on the Davidson trauma scale. Using fMRI, we measured hemodynamic change in response to emotional (trauma-related) and neutral distraction presented during the active maintenance period of a delayed-response working memory task. The goal was to examine differences in functional networks associated with working memory (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lateral parietal cortex) and emotion processing (amygdala, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and fusiform gyrus). The PTSD group showed markedly different neural activity compared to the trauma-exposed control group in response to task-irrelevant visual distractors. Enhanced activity in ventral emotion processing regions was associated with trauma distractors in the PTSD group, whereas activity in brain regions associated with working memory and attention regions was disrupted by distractor stimuli independent of trauma content. Neural evidence for the impact of distraction on working memory is consistent with PTSD symptoms of hypervigilance and general distractibility during goal-directed cognitive processing.     

Assessment of Physiological Amplitude,Duration, and Magnitude of ECG T‐Wave Alternans

Background: An association between T‐wave alternans (TWA) and malignant ventricular arrhythmias is generally recognized. Because relatively low levels of TWA have also been observed in healthy (H) subjects, the question arises as to whether these are ascribable to noise and artifacts, or can be given the relevance of a physiological phenomenon characterizing a preclinical condition. Methods: To answer this question, in the present study 20‐minute not noisy, sinus ECG recordings, from 138 H‐subjects and 148 coronary artery diseased (CAD) patients, were submitted to our adaptive match filter (AMF) procedure to identify and parameterize TWA in terms of duration (TWAD), amplitude (TWAA), and magnitude (TWAM, defined as the product of TWAD times TWAA). The 99.5th percentiles of mean values of TWAA, TWAD, and TWAM over 20‐minute ECGs were used to define three threshold levels (THRD, THRA, and THRM), which allow discrimination of abnormal TWA levels. Results: Nonstationary TWA was found in all our H‐subjects and CAD‐patients. TWAD, TWAA, and TWAM levels were classified as being physiological in 99% of H‐subjects and 87% of CAD‐patients. A linear correlation (r =?0.52, P < 0.001) was found between TWAA and RR interval in the H‐population. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis of the existence of physiological TWA levels, which are to be considered in the effort to improve reliability of nonphysiological TWA levels discrimination.     

我国卫生福利政策与财政投入的宏观调控

卫生方面的财政投入能够宏观调控卫生资源,其投入原则、投入方向等可以影响卫生福利政策。投入原则:(1)效率原则;(2)公平原则;(3)增长原则;(4)稳定原则。投入方向:划分中央、地方层次,医学科研招标,构建社区医院体系,医疗方面的社会保障。