Morphological alterations and distribution of occludin in rat testes after bilateral vasectomy

The aim of study was to investigate the fate and the morphology of the cells which constitute the spermatogenic line, and to determine the distribution of occludin in the testis in adult vasectomized Wistar rats. The rats were divided into two groups: control group (sham-operated) and vasectomized group. One, 3 and 6 months after sham and vasectomy operations, testis samples were examined. The weight of the testes was found to be reduced 3 and 6 months after vasectomy. There was vacuolization in the seminiferous tubules one month after vasectomy. The tubules showed severe atrophy 3 and 6 months after vasectomy. The occludin immunolabeling in the 3- and 6-month groups was weak and diffuse, and the density of the protein was found to be decreased. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease in the number of haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells. This study demonstrated that vasectomy causes degeneration in the seminiferous tubules with alterations in occludin distribution with a decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells. Moreover, these alterations increase in a time-dependent manner.     

烟台沿海地区人源和猪源戊型肝炎病毒基因型别的研究

目的 调查烟台市沿海地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因型别的相关性.方法 应用逆转录一巢式聚合酶联反应( RT-nPCR)方法对当地急性散发戊型肝炎患者、正常人群中抗HEV-IgM阳性者和当地养猪场的猪进行HEV RNA检测,并对HEV RNA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析.结果 16例急性散发戊型肝炎患者中有7例粪便标本HEV RNA阳性;51份lgM阳性正常人群血清标本中有1份HEV RNA阳性;34份猪胆汁标本中有1份HEV RNA阳性.序列分析发现该地区HEV人株与猪株在ORF2部分区域的核苷酸序列同源性为87％～ 98.1％.7株患者的戊肝病毒基因型和1株猪的戊肝病毒基因型均为Ⅳ型,基因序列同源性在87％ ～ 98.1％之间;其中有6例患者和猪的基因序列同源性在93.9％ ～98.1％之间,为Ⅳ型a亚型;1例患者和猪的基因序列同源性为87％,为Ⅳ型d亚型.正常人群的1例戊肝病毒基因型为Ⅰ型d亚型.该地区人与猪HEV的ORF2的部分基因片段与HEV Ⅰ～Ⅳ型的代表株进行比较,核苷酸序列同源性分别是82.5％～100％,81.7％ ～92.9％,81.4％ ～93.9％,84.9％ ～ 100％.结论 该地区人群中流行的HEV存在2个基因型3个亚型,主要以基因Ⅳa型为主,与猪群中流行的HEV基因Ⅳa型同源性较高;HEV Ⅰ型在人群中散在存在.     

In-vitro carbofuran induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes and its mitigation by vitamins C and E

Various efforts have been made in past in order to predict the underlying mechanism of pesticide-induced toxicity using in vitro and animal models, however, these predictions may or may not be directly correlated with humans. The present study was designed to investigate the carbofuran induced genotoxicity and its amelioration by vitamins C and E by treating human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 μM) of this compound. The treatment of PBLs with carbofuran displayed significant DNA damage in concentration dependent manner. The carbofuran induced genotoxicity could be ameliorated to considerable extent by pretreatment of PBLs with equimolar (10 μM) concentration of each of the vitamins C and E; the magnitude of protection by vitamin E being higher than by vitamin C. Also, it was found that the level of protection by these vitamins was higher when PBLs were treated with lower concentrations of pesticide. The significant DNA damage as observed by H_{2}O_{2}, a positive control in the present study, and its amelioration by natural antioxidants (vitamins C and E) lend an evidence to suggest that carbofuran would have caused genotoxicity via pesticide induced oxidative stress.     

烟台沿海地区人源和猪源戊型肝炎病毒基因型别的研究

目的调查烟台市沿海地区人源与猪源戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型别的相关性。方法应用逆转录一巢式聚合酶联反应（RT—nPcR）方法对当地急性散发戊型肝炎患者、正常人群中抗HEV-IgM阳性者和当地养猪场的猪进行HEVRNA检测,并对HEVRNA阳性标本进行克隆测序和序列分析。结果16例急性散发戊型肝炎患者中有7例粪便标本HEVRNA阳性;51份IgM阳性正常人群血清标本中有1份HEVRNA阳性;34份猪胆汁标本中有1份HEVRNA阳性。序列分析发现该地区HEV人株与猪株在ORF2部分区域的核苷酸序列同源性为87％～98．1％。7株患者的戊肝病毒基因型和1株猪的戊肝病毒基因型均为Ⅳ型,基因序列同源性在87％～98．1％之间;其中有6例患者和猪的基因序列同源性在93．9％～98．1％之间,为Ⅳ型a亚型;1例患者和猪的基因序列同源性为87％,为Ⅳ型d亚型。正常人群的1例戊肝病毒基因型为Ⅰ型d亚型。该地区人与猪HEV的ORF2的部分基因片段与HEVⅠ～Ⅳ型的代表株进行比较,核苷酸序列同源性分别是82．5％～100％,81．7％～92．9％,81．4％～93．9％,84．9％～100％。结论该地区人群中流行的HEV存在2个基因型3个亚型,主要以基因Ⅳa型为主,与猪群中流行的HEV基因Ⅳa型同源性较高;HEVI型在人群中散在存在。     

重庆流行性乙型脑炎病毒分离株CQ11-66在PrM/C及E基因区的分子特征

目的 分析重庆地区儿童流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)病毒分离株CQ11-66在PrM/C及E基因区的分子特征.方法 采集重庆医科大学附属儿童医院感染消化科诊断的流行性乙脑患者血液及脑脊液标本,通过接种BHK-21细胞检测并分离乙脑病毒,并对其PrM/C及E基因区测序.使用Clustal X(1.8)、MEGA5等生物学软件进行核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列及系统进化分析.结果 本研究仅从儿童乙脑患者脑脊液标本中分离到1株乙脑病毒,命名为CQ11-66.CQ11-66和其他国家及地区的乙脑病毒分离株相比,PrM/C基因区总体核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别为74.8％～97.4％及85.6％～98.7％,而E基因区总体核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别为81.6％ ～ 99.6％及94.8％ ～99.6％;CQ11-66株与福建省乙脑病毒人分离株相比较,在PrM/C、E基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性均很高.基于PrM/C及E基因区核苷酸序列进行系统进化分析,CQ11-66株属于基因Ⅲ型.结论 在重庆市儿童乙脑患者标本中分离到1株乙脑病毒CQ11-66,CQ11-66株在PrM/C和F基因区核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同其他乙脑病毒分离株存在一定的差异,且系统进化分析显示CQ11-66株属于乙脑病毒基因Ⅲ型.     

134例HEV相关肝衰竭患者临床特点分析

目的 观察HEV相关肝衰竭患者的临床特点,为HEV相关肝衰竭诊治提供依据.方法 收集我院2002年1月至2012年1月收治的134例HEV相关肝衰竭患者临床资料,回顾性分析其年龄、分型、分期、转归、生化指标等临床特点,比较单纯HEV相关肝衰竭、重叠HBV感染的肝衰竭差异.结果 戊型肝炎患者中共有134例发生肝衰竭,占住院戊型肝炎总数的8.45％.单纯HEV相关肝衰竭患者68例,重叠HBV肝衰竭患者66例.两组年龄分别为(56.12±14.29)岁及(48.59±10.91)岁,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).单纯HEV感染组患者老龄患者比率(≥60岁,45.59％)明显高于重叠组患者(13.64％,P＜0.05).单纯组及重叠组患者TBil最高值无差异(P＞0.05),但单纯组ALT更高,两组分别为(1250.90±1593.97) U/L和(616.26±797.62) U/L(P＜0.05);两组直接胆红素/总胆红素比值分别为0.72±0.07及0.69±0.08,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组肝衰竭患者病情转归、疾病严重程度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单纯HEV相关肝衰竭患者年龄较大,转氨酶较高,直接胆红素/总胆红素比值更高,但疾病严重程度及转归无明显差异.     

NMDA receptor/amyloid precursor protein interactions: a comparison between wild-type and amyloid precursor protein mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease

Two recent reports showed that amyloid precursor protein (APP) may contribute to postsynaptic mechanisms via the regulation of the surface trafficking of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Here we have investigated the interactions and surface trafficking of NR1-1a/NR2A and NR1-1a/NR2B NMDA receptor subtypes with three APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease, APP695(Indiana), APP695(London) and APP695(Swedish). Flag-tagged mutated APP695s were generated and shown to be expressed at equivalent levels to wild-type APP695 in mammalian cells. Each APP mutant co-precipitated with NR1-1a/NR2A and NR1-1a/NR2B receptors following co-expression in mammalian cells. Further, as found for wild-type APP695, each enhanced NMDA receptor surface expression with no concomitant increase in total NR1-1a, NR2A or NR2B subunit expression. Thus these three familial APP mutations behave as wild-type APP695 with respect to their association with assembled NMDA receptors and their APP695-enhanced receptor cell surface trafficking.     

细胞钙离子转运蛋白兰尼碱受体3与ApoE基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的关系

目的:观察细胞钙离子转运蛋白兰尼碱受体3(ryanodine receptor 3, RYR3)在动脉粥样硬化斑块形成过程中的改变,探讨两者的相关性。方法:选取6周龄雄性载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE^-/-)小鼠及野生型C57BL/6J小鼠,高脂饲喂20、27和33周后,在各个时点处死动物取主动脉根部制作连续切片。(1)HE染色,观察组织形态学的变化,计算机图像分析仪测量斑块面积和血管管腔面积,计算校正斑块面积(斑块面积/血管管腔面积)。(2)免疫组织化学染色,计算机图像分析仪测定不同周龄小鼠细胞钙离子转运蛋白RYR3表达变化。结果:与同周龄对照组小鼠相比,ApoE^-/-小鼠体内RYR3表达显著减少(P<0.05),随着ApoE^-/-小鼠周龄的增加,RYR3的表达明显减少,且与斑块面积/血管管腔面积呈负相关(r＝-0.652,P<0.01)。结论:细胞钙离子转运蛋白RYR3参与动脉粥样硬化的病理过程,且与动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成密切相关。     

Signaling of endothelial cytoprotection in transplantation

A better knowledge of the processes by which endothelium can resist to cell death and adapt to injury by specific intracellular signaling pathways and dedicated protein regulation is a key step to understand how vascular inflammation/injury develops and how it is regulated. This review focuses on signaling pathways and molecular effectors that trigger the balance between endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. In addition to the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that orchestrated the inflammatory response and its termination we report here additive pathways such as Notch pathway and protein C/protease activated receptor (PAR) pathway that have been also reported to play a role in the control of EC activation and apoptosis. This review also provides an update of the characteristics of some established and novel protective molecules for the endothelium, identified in transplantation.     

Patologías mediadas por la inmunoglobulina E: de la inmunoglobulina E al omalizumab

Around 30-40% of the world population is affected by one or more allergic diseases. Immunoglobulin IgE (IgE) was discovered in 1967 and recognized as an essential mediator in allergy. Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed towards IgE as a molecular target by binding to the Fc region of circulating IgE, thus preventing IgE-mediated clinical responses. It is currently the only monoclonal antibody to treat severe refractory asthma, with excellent results in clinical trials and in real life patients. Other IgE mediated conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, airways diseases associated with Aspergillus fumigatus, and chronic urticaria, also demonstrated promised results, although they are not yet approved in routine clinical practice. This article reviews the development of omalizumab, its mechanisms of action, and results in Spain and other countries.