Double degree destinations: Nursing or midwifery

BackgroundDouble degrees in nursing and midwifery have evolved in Australia as a proposed solution to possible impending shortages of qualified midwives in the healthcare workforce. The double degree is seen as a more acceptable option in non-metropolitan areas in particular. Concern has been expressed however, about dilution of midwifery philosophy and graduates’ opportunities in respect of future clinical practice.AimThis study aimed to provide a better understanding of motivations and intentions of students who undertake the Bachelor of Nursing Science/Bachelor of Midwifery double degree.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was employed at four universities that offered double degrees in nursing and midwifery in three states of Australia. Students enrolled in first and fourth year of a double degree and graduates of a double degree were invited to complete an online survey comprised of Likert scales and items requiring free text responses. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.FindingsParticipants indicated a clear preference for midwifery as a career with this preference increasing for each cohort at each stage of study.DiscussionPrimary reasons for selecting a double degree were perceived increased opportunity for employment and use of nursing skills to enhance midwifery practice in a population with growing co-morbidities. A strong identification with midwifery philosophy and identity was also demonstrated.ConclusionAn understanding of motivations and career intentions of students undertaking double degree studies can inform future program development and workforce planning.     

当代中医科研现状的哲学反思

哲学是推动时代进步的重要力量,也能为中医科研提供可借鉴的思维方式与方法论.当代的中医科研交叉于人文学与自然科学之间,总体可分为研究中医与中医研究两个方向,前者主要引进现代科学的研究方法,后者主要使用中国哲学、传统科学的研究方法.在哲学的审视下,二者各有优势与欠缺,只有在中医思维的基础上推进传统中医学与中西医结合的研究,...     

Bewertung der ärztlichen Ausbildung an der McMaster Universität,Kanada, anhand des Konzepts der „Fallmethode“

Summary Students of three different levels and the chairman of the MD-Program evaluated the educational system of McMaster University, Canada, using the six criteria of the case method as defined by Renschler. This analysis provided a very differentiated evaluation of the McMaster curriculum, demonstrating a systematic progress of learning methods from the second to the last phase.The instrument showed differences in the ratings of the demonstrative lectures between the chairman and the students. Free access to patients and responsibility, gradually growing during the 3-year program, are important features of the educational system. The problem-based system provides a unique integration of acquiring theoretical knowledge in the basic sciences through clinical problem solving which was highly rated in all analysed phases. Ratings given by the interviewed students for evaluation of documented work were lower than expected by the chairman and the authors. The results are discussed in relationship to the McMaster Philosophy and to the conditions of studying medicine in America and in Germany.

     

把握工具理性的正义

工具理性是与价值理性相对应,是一种把实现个人目标作为评价标准的思维模式.工具理性的正义观是将正义作为保护和获得个人利益或集团利益的工具.工具理性的正义观不是正义的本意,而是其反面,而且已经给人类带来危害.     

语言哲学揭示中医概念分析的逻辑框架：以对“肾精”的分析为例

中医概念的分析亟需一个广为接受的逻辑框架,而不是用概念解释概念,或与现代医学的物质简单对应。语言哲学认为语言具有一种逻辑结构,该结构正与世界的逻辑结构一致,即语言是世界的＂逻辑图像＂。本文采纳了该思想,并以对＂肾精＂的分析为例,通过分析古代关于＂肾精＂描述的文献,逐一找出＂肾精＂之所以成为＂肾精＂的若干必要条件,直至形成一个充分条件,希以此例表明这种基于语言哲学的逻辑框架在解析中医核心概念中的有效性。     

Bruteau's philosophy of spiritual evolution and consciousness: foundation for a nursing cosmology

The ontological foundation of the modern world view based on irreconcilable dichotomies has held hegemonic status since the dawn of the scientific revolution. The post‐modern critique has exposed the inadequacies of the modern perspective and challenged the potential for any narrative to adequately ground a vision for the future. This paper proposes that the philosophy of Beatrice Bruteau can support a foundation for a visionary world view consistent with nursing's respect for human dignity and societal health. The author discusses the key concepts of Bruteau's perspective on societal evolution based on an integrated study of science, mathematics, religion, and philosophy. This perspective is discussed as a foundation to move beyond the dichotomous influence of the modern world view and the deconstructive critique of the post‐modern perspective. The author suggests spiritual evolution and a participatory consciousness as an ontological foundation for a cosmology congruent with nursing's social mandate.     

试论中西医学中宇宙生成与演化的学说

中西医学受到其自身自然哲学中宇宙生成论的影响,对疾病和人的进化有着完全不同的认知.朱熹的理学总汇宋代理学之大成,其关于宇宙生成与演化的学说很值得研究,在历史上对中医学发展有诸多启沃;西方近代的的宇宙生成论则以康德为代表.而两者均汲取了当时最先进的科技成果,但在认知论上的差异很大.在对人的进化与生命现象的诠释和阐发方面,现代哲学家波普尔独有见地;而中医学理论之于脑为泥丸、髓海等学说,以及人体直立的原因与任督两脉的研究颇引人深思.     

让哲学思想渗透在医学事业的各个环节

医学和哲学是相互渗透、相互促进的,哲学从各个方面影响着医学事业的发展。哲学的进步推动着医学的发展,医学的发展离不开哲学的指导。医学工作者要注重自身哲学思维的培养,让哲学思想渗透在医学事业的各个环节。