绢毛苣属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

查阅国内外研究文献,对绢毛苣属植物的化学成分和药理作用进行系统性综述,为从绢毛苣属植物中开发利用有价值的天然产物提供科学依据。     

健脾益肾活血法对ITP模型小鼠细胞因子的影响

目的:观察健脾益肾活血法(简称JYH)对ITP模型小鼠细胞因子的影响。方法:BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、PA对照组和JYH低、中、高剂量组,各组连续灌胃14天。于实验第5天开始,除空白对照组外,各组连续3天腹腔注射豚鼠抗小鼠血小板血清(GP-APS)复制ITP模型。电阻抗法检测外周血PLT数量,放免法检测血清IL-2、IL-6水平。结果:与空白对照组相比,各组小鼠PLT数量明显减少(P<0.05),治疗各组PLT检测值均高于模型对照组,PA对照组和JYH高剂量组与模型对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);各组造模小鼠血清IL-2水平均高于空白对照组而IL-6水平则低于空白对照组,JYH治疗组可下调模型小鼠血清IL-2水平并拮抗血清IL-6下降(P<0.05)。结论:健脾益肾活血法对ITP小鼠细胞因子水平失衡具有改善作用。     

逍遥散在肝损伤模型大鼠体内的药效学和药动学研究

目的 研究逍遥散降酶的药效学、药动学过程,为合理用药提供参考。方法 大鼠sc含40% CCl₄的橄榄油溶液2 mL/kg,每2天1次,首次给药4 mL/kg,连续12 d。以天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）降低量为药效学指标,进行逍遥散的药效学研究;通过PKSolver 2.0统计距分析求算相关药动学和药效学参数。结果 逍遥散的降酶时-效曲线具有显著的双峰特性,其t_d、t_1/2（ED）、AUC、MRT分别为17.79 h、3.73 h、657.07 U?L^?1?h、6.23 h。结论 逍遥散在肝损伤大鼠体内具有吸收快,消除慢,作用维持时间较长的特点。     

抗肿瘤药物可注射原位凝胶系统的药理学评价

抗肿瘤药物可注射植入型水凝胶是一种用于肿瘤局部用药的新型控释系统。根据凝胶材料的不同以及各个实验室的具体条件,对该系统的药理学评价方法有许多种。这些方法大致分为3类,包括生物相容性（安全性）评价、细胞毒性（药效学）评价和药动学评价。综述该系统药理学评价方法学研究的近况,为进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

Meeting the needs of elderly with bathing disability

Background/aims: Difficulties with bathing are frequent among older people and are associated with an increasing need for societal support. As loss of independence has a negative impact on health and wellbeing, it is important to study interventions that can provide the required support for people to be able to remain independent. Occupational therapy interventions can improve clients’ abilities enabling them to bathe themselves, thus reducing the need for other, more long‐term societal support from, e.g. a home help. In this study, two groups of elderly people with difficulties in bathing were compared; the clients in the intervention group were engaged in occupational therapy. Methods: A quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent control group design was used, in which participants with reported difficulties in bathing were recruited consecutively from two municipalities. The clients in the intervention group routinely received occupational therapy, whereas clients in the control group received assistance from a home help for bathing. Activities of daily living, quality of life and home‐help allocation were assessed at the baseline and after 15 weeks. Results: Clients in the intervention group received less than three home visits on average, with majority of interventions consisting of graded activity and the use of an encouraging approach. Seventy per cent of the interventions were adaptive. Activities of daily living and quality of life of both groups improved, but the differences of being allocated a home help were significant. Conclusion: Occupational therapy interventions seem beneficial in terms of supporting older people in becoming independent of home help in bathing but the results must be interpreted with caution as there were differences at baseline between the groups.     

Singaporean nurses' provision of guidance to parents on non-pharmacological postoperative pain-relief methods: An educational intervention study

This study examined the impact of an educational intervention (booklet distribution and lectures) on Singaporean nurses' provision of guidance to parents on the use of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief for their child's postoperative pain. Using a quasi-experimental one-group pre- and post-test study design, 134 and 112 registered nurses completed the questionnaires pre- and post-test, respectively. More than 75% of the nurses "always" guided parents to use breathing techniques, relaxation, positioning, comforting/reassurance, helping with activities of daily living, and creating a comfortable environment in the pretest and touch, presence, and distraction in addition to the aforementioned methods in the post-test. The nurses' provision of guidance to parents on all non-pharmacological methods increased, but statistically significant increases only were found in relation to massage and positive reinforcement. The results suggested that the educational intervention had some impact on nurses' provision of guidance to parents on the use of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief for children's postoperative pain. Continuing education in pain management should be provided to nurses in order to equip them with the knowledge to improve their practice.     

Rescue of expression and signaling of human luteinizing hormone G protein-coupled receptor mutants with an allosterically binding small-molecule agonist

Naturally occurring mutations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) causing misfolding and failure to traffic to the cell surface can result in disease states. Some small-molecule orthosteric ligands can rescue such misfolded receptors, presumably by facilitating their correct folding and shuttling to the plasma membrane. Here we show that a cell-permeant, allosterically binding small-molecule agonist (Org 42599) rescues the folding and cell surface expression, and therefore target cell signaling, of mutant human luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors (A593P and S616Y) that cause Leydig cell hypoplasia in man. Both mutant receptors were retained in the cytoplasm whereas WT receptor localized at the cell membrane, and binding of LH to cells expressing the mutant receptors was markedly lower than to those expressing the WT receptor. Incubation with Org 42599 increased mutant receptor expression, cell surface localization, and the proportion of mutant receptor in the mature glycosylated form. Importantly, although LH stimulated little (S616Y) or no (A593P) activation of cells expressing mutant receptors, incubation of cells with Org 42599 facilitated rescue of expression and stimulation by the native ligand, LH. Although Org 42599 could activate these receptors, it could not displace (125)I-labeled human LH binding to the WT receptor, indicating that it acts in an allosteric manner. Here we demonstrate a small-molecule GPCR allosteric agonist that functionally rescues intracellularly retained mutant LH receptors by facilitating their cell surface expression. This approach may have application for treatment of infertile patients bearing such mutations and, more broadly, for other misfolded GPCR mutants resulting in human pathologic processes.     

对精神分裂症患者实施一年温暖支持活动的效果分析

目的探讨温暖支持活动对精神分裂症患者的效果。方法将107例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,在抗精神病药治疗的同时,对支持组54例实施为期一年的温暖支持活动,对照组53例采用一般精神科护理和常规门诊随访,采用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、服药依从性问卷和患者复发率统计等进行评估。结果 （1）支持组患者SDSS的10项指标和量表总分在出院6个月和12个月时评分明显低于对照组,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）;（2）支持组患者的服药依从性明显高于对照组,差异有显著意义（χ2=28.87,P〈0.001）;（3）支持组的复发率低于对照组,差异有显著意义（χ2=15.70,P〈0.001）;结论在药物治疗的基础上,温暖支持活动对改善精神分裂症患者社会功能和提高其服药依从性以及降低复发率具有重要的作用。     

Staff interactive style during multisensory storytelling with persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities

Background Multisensory storytelling (MSST) is an individualised activity for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in which a story is being told with an emphasis on sensory experiences and social interaction. MSST is a promising approach, but needs more empirical research evidence. In general, there is a lack of research about staff interaction during specific activities with people with PIMD. In the present study, we explored the possibility to describe staff interactive style during MSST making use of a global coding instrument. Methods Twenty dyads of a person with PIMD and a professional caregiver participated in an observation study. The caregivers received training in MSST and told a multisensory story to their client once a week, for a period of 10 weeks. The first, fifth and last session were recorded on video. Staff interactive style was coded using an adapted version of the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale, with a consensus rating procedure. Results Professional caregivers scored moderately on the Maternal Behavior Rating Scale. Repeated measures analyses showed no change in time. We did not find a relationship between staff interactive style and client or staff characteristics. Conclusions The Maternal Behavior Rating Scale contributes to our understanding of staff interactive style during activities with people with PIMD. Specifically for MSST, the moderate scores on the interactive style dimensions were unexpected, because the individualised MSST activity created an optimal situation for high‐quality interaction with people with PIMD. Because the interactive style did not improve through the repetition of the activity either, these results might point to a need for staff training in achieving high‐quality interaction during activities like MSST.