天麻钩藤饮治疗神经系统疾病研究进展

神经系统疾病为临床常见病、多发病,是严重影响患者生活质量和身心健康的主要原因。天麻钩藤饮出自名医胡光慈编著的《中医内科杂病证治新义》,临床应用广泛,有平肝熄风、清热活血、安神、补益肝肾之功效。临床研究证实,天麻钩藤饮加减用药,或与针灸、西药合并应用治疗痴呆、头痛、眩晕病、高血压病、失眠症、帕金森病、卒中、癫痫等神经系统常见疾病,疗效显著,不良反应小,安全性高。基础研究发现,天麻钩藤饮整方与组方中单味药物主要活性成分如天麻素、天麻多糖、对羟基苯甲醇、钩藤碱、黄芩素、益母草碱、水苏碱、栀子苷、2,3,5,4,-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-Ο-β-D-葡萄糖苷、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、茯苓酸、β-蜕皮甾酮、广寄生苷等可通过多靶点多途径,发挥抑制铁死亡、抗凋亡、抗氧化、调节神经递质、调节自噬、抗炎、减轻脑水肿、降脂、降压、改善血液循环等作用。该文通过对天麻钩藤饮治疗神经系统疾病的整方与单味药物作用机制、临床应用进行如下综述,以期为天麻钩藤饮的临床应用提供理论依据,并为该方后续的机制研究提供思路。     

A qualitative study to identify opportunities for improving trauma quality improvement

Background

Quality improvement (QI) is a central tenant of trauma center accreditation in most countries, but its effectiveness is largely unknown. We sought to explore opportunities for improving trauma QI.

Methods

We performed a qualitative research study using grounded theory analyses of interviews with medical directors and program managers from 75 verified trauma centers sampled from the United States (n = 51), Canada (n = 14), and Australasia (Australia and New Zealand [n = 10]) to explore experiences with trauma QI activities and identify opportunities for improvement.

Results

Most trauma centers indicated that they perceived trauma QI to be important and devoted personnel for QI (data entry, data analyst, educator, nurse practitioner). Programs identified 5 principal opportunities to improve trauma QI: (1) ensure resource adequacy (human resources, registry maintenance, financial support, institutional support), (2) encourage stakeholder participation (engagement, communication, coordination), (3) ensure clinical relevance, (4) incorporate evidence-based tools, and (5) require provider and QI program accountability.

Conclusions

Quality improvement programs exist as accreditation requirements in most centers. However, trauma QI practices depend on a range of local and regional factors, and concrete opportunities for improvement that address impact and sustainability exist.     

基于网络药理学研究黄连解毒汤抗幽门螺杆菌感染作用机制

目的:运用网络药理学方法预测黄连解毒汤抗Hp感染的主要有效成分、靶点及信号通路,挖掘其潜在作用机制,为后续实验研究提供依据。方法:应用TCMSP筛选黄连解毒汤中黄连、黄芩、黄柏、栀子4味中药的主要有效成分及其潜在作用靶点。通过GeneCards数据库和人类孟德尔遗传数据库（OMIM）筛选Hp感染相关靶点,并取药物和疾病...     

保济丸中化学成分与药理作用研究进展

目的:探讨近年来保济丸中化学与药理研究进展,为今后保济丸的深入研究提供一定的理论依据。方法:通过查阅近十年保济丸的相关著作与文献,从保济丸抑菌、抗炎、镇痛、止泻及对胃肠道功能具有双向调节等现代药理作用与其对应单味药、药对的主要化学成分的研究进行分析总结。结果:研究发现保济丸中抑菌、抗炎成分超过9种,镇痛与止泻及对胃肠道功能紊乱有调节作用的化学成分超过5种,复方中增强药理作用的药对共9对。结论:研究结果表明保济丸的现代药理作用与化学成分的研究与其传统中医临床疗效相对应,有利于保济丸的进一步开发与利用。     

布渣叶药理作用研究的新进展

目的：介绍布渣叶的药理作用研究新进展。方法：根据发表的相关布渣叶的文献进行综述。结果：药理研究证明,布渣叶具有解热、促消化、退黄、抗炎及降血脂等作用。结论：布渣叶具有广泛的药理活性,有着广泛的开发与应用前景。     

民间药鹅绒藤化学成分 药理及临床应用研究概况

从化学成分、药理及临床应用方面综述了民间药鹅绒藤的研究进展。目前已从鹅绒藤中分离的主要成分有蛋白酶、黄酮苷、萜酯及有机酸等。鹅绒藤在对心肌、免疫功能、抗惊厥等方面具有药理活性作用,在临床上具有抗病毒等确切疗效。     

当归补血汤立法理论及配伍应用的探析

通过查阅古代文献和现代研究资料,综合全面分析其立法理论及配伍应用。发现尽管对当归补血汤的立法有不同的认识,但均肯定其补气生血的作用,现代医学及药理学研究发现,当归补血汤配伍的合理性及应用的多方面性。当归补血汤药简力专,配伍独特,应用广泛,疗效显著。     

中药复方药效物质基础的系统药理学评价

中药复方药效物质基础(material basis for efficacy of Chinese herbal formula)的是目前亟待解决的中药领域的关键问题之一,而目前对中药复方药效物质基础的界定,学术界尚有分歧。中药复方药效物质基础是某一特定复方经与人体作用后在发挥疗效的特异性的靶器官、靶组织中达到一定浓度并发挥生物学效应的直接或间接来源于该复方的非内源性活性物质的总和。中药复方药效物质基础的系统药理学评价是中药现代化和国际化的核心与基石,而中药质量控制是中药复方药效物质基础的系统药理学评价的先决条件。     

Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols activate cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through phosphorylation of ERK1/2

Aim of the study

This paper aimed to elucidate the traditional use of Rosmarinus officinalis through the investigation of cholinergic activities and neuronal differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. These effects were examined in relation to the plant's habitat, the extraction procedure, and the major active compounds of R. officinalis.

Materials and methods

Cell viability, cell differentiation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total choline, acetylcholine (ACh) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were determined in PC12 cells treated with extracts and HPLC-identified polyphenols of R. officinalis originated from Tunisian semi-arid and subhumid area in comparison with nerve growth factor (NGF).

Results

R. officinalis extracts potentiated cell differentiation and significantly enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. The highest AChE activity was induced by semi-arid hydro-ethanolic extract (137% of control). Among HPLC-identified and screened polyphenols, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) significantly induced cell differentiation, increased ACh level, and enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. U0126, inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly reduced CA and RA effects on cell differentiation and AChE activity.

Conclusions

R. officinalis’ CA and RA exhibited neurotrophic effects in PC12 cells through cell differentiation induction and cholinergic activities enhancement. These effects could be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2 signaling pathway.