红芪有效成分及“入脾经”相关药理研究

对近年来红芪的成分检测结果及其现代药理学研究成果进行了详细的综述,指出了中药红芪的主要成分,同时发现红芪的药理学研究结论符合其中医理论中的＂入脾经＂功效,并对两者相关性进行总结分析,为红芪的研究与开发提供依据。     

Mentha: A genus rich in vital nutra‐pharmaceuticals—A review

The genus Mentha comprises several aromatic species, which are cultivated world‐over due to their distinct aroma and commercial value. In addition to traditional food flavoring uses, Mentha are well recognized for their folk medicinal uses, especially to treat cold, fever, and digestive and cardiovascular disorders. A number of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, biopesticidal, antitumor, anticancer, antiviral, antiallergic, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, and urease inhibitory activity have been ascribed to Mentha. The traditional pharmacological attributes of Mentha herbs can be linked to the occurrence of bioactive phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alcohols, rosmarinic acid, and antioxidant phenolics among others. A rich source of bioactives, different species of Mentha, can be explored as a promising candidate for the development of nutra‐pharmaceuticals. This review covers the nutritional, phytochemical, and traditional medicinal aspects and multiple biological activities of some commonly available species of Mentha so as to explore their potential applications for nutra‐pharmaceutical and cosmo‐nutraceutical industry. Detailed chemical profile and pharmaceutical attributes of various Mentha essential oils are also covered. Moreover, based on computational analysis, quantitative chemical component–antioxidant activity relationship model is reviewed to predict and correlate structure–activity relationship of potential bioactives in selected Mentha essential oils leading to discovery and developmenmt of novel natural drugs.     

Effectiveness of Montessori-based activities on agitation among Asian patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives:Montessori based activity are supposed to be an effective nonpharmacological intervention in the treatment of agitation in western countries. However, most studies conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Montessori based activities on agitation in Asian patients were small sample size, as well as inconsistent outcomes, which may limit the reliability of the conclusions. The present pooled analysis, hence, was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity on agitation related with dementia in Asian patients with dementia.Design:Prospective randomized clinical studies were included, of which available data was extracted. Outcomes of physical aggressive behaviors, physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors were pooled for the analysis by weighted mean differences.Data sources:Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP)Eligibility criteria:Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies, conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the activity on agitation related with dementia in Asian patients with dementia.Data extraction and synthesis:Available data including baseline characteristics and interested outcomes from the included literature were extracted independently by 2 investigators. Measuring scales including CMAI and NOSIE were adopted for the efficacy comparison between Montessori based activity and standard activity. Weighted mean difference was used for the pooled analysis.Results:A total of 460 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled mean difference agitation for Montessori based activity was –3.86 (95% CI: –7.38 to –0.34, P = 0.03) comparing to standard activity. The pooled mean differences for physical aggressive behaviors, physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors in Montessori based activity group were –0.82 (95% CI: –1.10 to –0.55; P < 0.00001), –0.81 (95% CI: –1.68 to 0.55; P = 0.07), and 0.38 (95% CI: –0.92 to 1.68; P = 0.57).Conclusions:Montessori based activities may reduce the frequency of agitation, especially in physical aggressive behaviors comparing to standard activities in Asian patients with dementia. However, the effectiveness of Montessori based activities on reduction of subcategorized agitated behaviors including physical nonaggressive behaviors, and verbal aggressive behaviors may not be reliable as physical aggressive behaviors.     

鱼腥草的有效成分、药理作用及临床应用的研究进展

鱼腥草中含有癸酰乙醛、癸醛、月桂醛及甲壬酮等成分，其中癸酰乙醛具有抗病原微生物活性．药理研究证明鱼腥草具有抗菌、抗病毒、增强机体免疫、抗炎等作用，故在呼吸科、五官科及消化科疾病中都有广泛的应用．     

风轮菜属植物化学成分和药理作用研究进展

风轮菜属植物的化学成分类型涉及黄酮、三萜及其苷类、甾体、苯丙素类等.该属植物具有包括止血活血、抗炎、免疫抑制、降血糖、收缩子宫、中枢抑制、抗菌等广泛的药理活性,极具药用价值.本文对近20年来风轮菜属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展进行综述,为其进一步的研究与开发奠定应用基础.     

Effect of gamma irradiation on phenol content,antioxidant activity and biological activity of black maca and red maca extracts (Lepidium meyenii walp)

This study was performed to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on UV spectrum on maca, total content of polyphenols, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities and in vivo biological activities of red and black maca extracts (Lepidium meyenii).

Adult mice of the strain Swiss aged 3 months and weighing 30–35?g in average were used to determine biological activities. Daily sperm production, effect on testosterone-induced prostate hyperplasia and forced swimming test were used to determine the effect of irradiation on biological activities of maca extracts.

Irradiation did not show differences in UV spectrum but improves the amount of total polyphenols in red maca as well as in black maca extracts. In both cases, black maca extract has more content of polyphenols than red maca extract (p?<?0.01). Gamma irradiation significantly increased the antioxidant capacity (p?<?0.05).

No difference was observed in daily sperm production when irradiated and nonirradiated maca extract were administered to mice (p?>?0.05). Black maca extract but not red maca extract has more swimming endurance capacity in the forced swimming test. Irradiation of black maca extract increased the swimming time to exhaustion (p?<?0.05). This is not observed with red maca extract (p?>?0.05). Testosterone enanthate (TE) increased significantly the ventral prostate weight. Administration of red maca extract in animals treated with TE prevented the increase in prostate weight. Irradiation did not modify effect of red maca extract on prostate weight (p?>?0.05).

In conclusion, irradiation does not alter the biological activities of both black maca and red maca extracts. It prevents the presence of microorganisms in the extracts of black or red maca, but the biological activities were maintained.     

生物分配胶束色谱法预测中药制剂消炎利胆片膜通透性的研究

目的:基于生物分配胶束色谱法进行复杂中药制剂消炎利胆片的分离和膜通透性预测。方法:考察了生物分配胶束色谱的保留因子与药物膜通透性的相关性,以非离子型表面活性剂Brij 35作为流动相,模拟生物体内环境,得到各受试药物的保留因子Log k,与膜通透性参数(口服吸收率、Log Papp、Log BB)数据进行相关分析得出定量保留-膜通透性(QRPR)模型。结果:预测了消炎利胆片10个主要保留成分的透膜吸收情况。结论:生物分配胶束色谱可以用于中药复杂成分的分离,以及预测药物主成分的透膜吸收活性。     

Appraisal of anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extract of Ilex ficoidea Hemsl and Ilex centrochinensis S.Y. Hu

This study was to appraise the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts of Ilex ficoidea Hemsl (EIFH) and Ilex centrochinensis S.Y. Hu (EICC). Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using xylene-induced ear edema and the cotton pellet granuloma tests. Some antioxidants produced during chronic inflammation were quantitated and the DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities in vitro were also investigated. EICC showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect during the acute inflammation and chronic inflammation without any acute oral toxicity. However, EIFH exhibited a negligible anti-acute inflammatory and a moderate anti-chronic inflammatory activity. EICC significantly inhibited the formation of MDA and markedly raised the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. EIFH could reduce the level of MDA and elevate the activity of SOD only at the high dose. The free radical scavenging activities of EICC are higher than that of EIFH. These results suggest that EICC possesses significant anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The anti-inflammatory mechanism is attributed, in part, to enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

从改善睡眠作用研究四逆散的疏肝解郁功效

对四逆散的改善睡眠作用进行药理学评价,深入研究四逆散疏肝解郁功效的科学内涵。以大鼠、小鼠和果蝇为模式生物,利用行为药理学、皮层脑电描记与分析、生物化学及分子生物学等实验方法与技术,开展四逆散改善睡眠作用的药理评价。四逆散能延长戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠时间,其作用存在着量效与时效关系;能延长正常或睡眠剥夺大鼠的慢波睡眠时间;对正常或睡眠剥夺大鼠脑中的多种神经递质、睡眠相关因子等均有影响。四逆散具有改善睡眠的作用,该作用与其疏肝解郁功效密切相关,是通过多途径、多靶点来实现的。     

附生型兰科药用植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

附生型兰科植物是兰科中的一大类群,其中许多植物具有很高的药用价值。近年来国内外对于该类药用植物的化学成分和活性给予了很大关注。作者综述了近15年来附生型兰科药用植物的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展。为今后从化学成分角度阐明不同类型的兰科药用植物之间的亲缘关系和从中开发新药提供参考。