依达拉奉在心血管疾病应用中的研究进展

依达拉奉是一种作用机制明确的新型自由基清除剂,目前主要用于脑梗死的治疗。近年来,临床和动物实验已证实依达拉奉可以作用于多个器官,其中之一是对心肌有较好的保护作用,并有不同作用机制参与。本文对依达拉奉在心血管疾病应用中的研究进展进行综述。     

马勃的化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展

马勃（Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia）是大型食药用真菌,为灰包科真菌脱皮马勃、大马勃或紫色马勃的干燥子实体,其营养成分十分丰富,在2015 年《中国药典》中记载功能与主治清肺利咽,止血,用于风热郁肺咽痛,音哑,咳嗽,外治鼻衄,创伤出血。该文通过对马勃的种类、化学成分及其药用的功效进行综述,为此类真菌研究开发做进一步参考。     

Antileukaemic effect of PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors in acute myeloid leukaemia‐gene expression profiles reveal CDC25B expression as determinate of pharmacological effect

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy. Intracellular signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐Akt‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is important for regulation of cellular growth and metabolism, and inhibitors of this pathway is considered for AML treatment. Primary human AML cells, derived from 96 consecutive adult patients, were examined. The effects of two mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, temsirolimus) and two PI3K inhibitors (GDC‐0941, 3‐methyladenine) were studied, and we investigated cytokine‐dependent proliferation, regulation of apoptosis and global gene expression profiles. Only a subset of patients demonstrated strong antiproliferative effects of PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified two main clusters of patients; one subset showing weak or absent antiproliferative effects (59%) and another group showing a strong growth inhibition for all drugs and concentrations examined (41%). Global gene expression analyses showed that patients with AML cell resistance against PI3K‐mTOR inhibitors showed increased mRNA expression of the CDC25B gene that encodes the cell cycle regulator Cell Division Cycle 25B. The antileukaemic effect of PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR inhibition varies between patients, and resistance to these inhibitors is associated with the expression of the cell cycle regulator CDC25B, which is known to crosstalk with the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway and mediate rapamycin resistance in experimental models.     

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Elderly: Who to Refer?

In recent years, experience with transcatheter aortic valve implantation has led to improved outcomes in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who may not have previously been considered for intervention. These patients are often frail with significant comorbid conditions.     

三七素的药理作用研究进展

三七素是一种天然存在的非蛋白氨基酸,主要存在于三七中。三七素具有多种药理作用,文献报道最多的是止血作用。此外,三七素还具有神经保护作用、减轻糖尿病肾病损伤作用、抗炎作用及降血糖等作用。近年来对三七素的相关研究逐渐增多,主要综述三七素的药理作用研究进展,期望为今后三七素的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

Social factors of sickness absences and ways of coping: a qualitative study of men and women with mental and musculoskeletal diagnoses,Norway

The rate of sickness absence is a serious problem in Norway and Scandinavia as a whole. Musculoskeletal problems are a heterogeneous category, covering a spectrum from a broken back and diffuse muscle pains. Mental diagnoses constitute generally about 25–30% of the total number of the long-term sickness absences. It is thus important to document scientifically how and why participation in nature–culture–health (NaCuHeal) activities may prove beneficial for individuals with long-term illnesses. The purpose of our project is to focus on and to discuss how social factors influence sickness absence. There were two aims of this study: (a) to explore and reveal the absentees' own experiences and perceptions of sickness absence in daily life and (b) to explore and reveal the absentees' own perceptions and experiences of various coping strategies while being on sickness absence. Qualitative method through a pragmatic synthesis of elements of ethnography and grounded theory were used. The sample from the county of Oppland, Norway (n = 30), had a mental or a musculoskeletal diagnosis in accordance with the ICPC-2 medical classification system. In this study, men and women understand and interpret their health situation differently; most men in this sample have become ill due to work-related factors, and for women it seems to be the combined impact of domestic responsibilities and job strain, the so-called double exposure. Health-promoting nature and culture activities refuel their energy levels, which in turn help them to sustain their social network. A combination of various social activities seemed also to be beneficial as long as these activities could be personally chosen within their own time and space. This notion highlights the importance of a lay perspective on the illness experience and its connections to coping strategies. Combined with discussion of sickness absence as a phenomenon, we believe that our findings can contribute to a wider understanding of sickness absence, the complexity behind the outbreak of long-term illnesses and ways of coping in everyday life. This research may add important knowledge and insight, hence increase awareness and understanding of NaCuHeal benefits among health personnel and rehabilitation.