胃癌根治术病人围术期异体输血后外周血单核细胞CD40L表达的变化

目的 研究胃癌根治术病人围手术期异体输血外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)白细胞分化抗原40配体(CD40L)表达的变化。方法 胃癌根治术病人30例,随机分为3组,每组10例。A组围术期不输血,B组围术期输入去白细胞的全血,C组围术期输入异体全血。另选10例健康人作为对照。分别在手术前、术后2、5、10 d采外周静脉血5 ml,用Ficoll分离液梯度离心法分离出PBMCs和血浆,将PBMCs置于自身血浆环境中,并在植物血凝素(PHA,20 mg/L)的刺激下进行培养,48 h后收获细胞,用流式细胞术检测CD40L表达。结果 健康人外周血未受PHA刺激时检测不到CD40L的表达,经PHA刺激后CD40L 细胞占CD4 T细胞的百分数为1.7％±0.4％,与三组胃癌病人术前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。与术前比较,B组术后2 d PBMCs CD40L表达升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组术后2 d升高(P<0.05),C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组术后各时点升高(P<0.05)。结论 围手术期异体输血可造成免疫抑制,输异体血后CD40L表达增加,且输全血比输去白细胞的全血更明显。围手术期成分输血优于输注全血。     

高血糖大肠癌病人的围手术期处理

目的：探讨高血糖大肠癌病人围手术期的处理方法。方法：对1997～2002年外科治疗的70例高血糖大肠癌(空腹血糖大于6．1mmol／L)病人作回顾性分析。结果：70例病人均作择期手术，术后并发症发生率：吻合口瘘占8．8％(3／34)。切口感染20．6％，肺部感染、泌尿系感染均为2．9％。无酮症酸中毒发生，无手术死亡。术后平均住院19d。结论：高血糖大肠癌病人的外科治疗必须作好围手术期处理。只要严格控制血糖、选择合理的术式和时机就完全可以达到理想的外科治疗效果。     

Effects of movement imitation training in Parkinson's disease: A virtual reality pilot study

BackgroundHypometria is a clinical motor sign in Parkinson's disease. Its origin likely emerges from basal ganglia dysfunction, leading to an impaired control of inhibitory intracortical motor circuits. Some neurorehabilitation approaches include movement imitation training; besides the effects of motor practice, there might be a benefit due to observation and imitation of un-altered movement patterns. In this sense, virtual reality facilitates the process by customizing motor-patterns to be observed and imitated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a motor-imitation therapy focused on hypometria in Parkinson's disease using virtual reality.MethodsWe carried out a randomized controlled pilot-study. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Groups underwent 4-weeks of training based on finger-tapping with the dominant hand, in which imitation was the differential factor (only the experimental group imitated). We evaluated self-paced movement features and cortico-spinal excitability (recruitment curves and silent periods in both hemispheres) before, immediately after, and two weeks after the training period.ResultsMovement amplitude increased significantly after the therapy in the experimental group for the trained and un-trained hands. Motor thresholds and silent periods evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation were differently modified by training in the two groups; although the changes in the input–output recruitment were similar.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that movement imitation therapy enhances the effect of motor practice in patients with Parkinson's disease; imitation-training might be helpful for reducing hypometria in these patients. These results must be clarified in future larger trials.     

Childhood adversity and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: An analysis of 107,704 Swedes

Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with increased risks of psychiatric disorder in young adulthood, but details in this association are less known. We aimed to explore the association of a range of CA indicators with psychiatric disorder in young adulthood, and the impact of age at exposure, disorder type and accumulation of indicators. We capitalized on Sweden's extensive and high-quality registers and analyzed a cohort of all Swedes (N = 107,704) born in Stockholm County 1987–1991. Adversities included familial death, parental substance misuse and psychiatric disorder, parental criminality, parental separation, public assistance recipiency and residential instability. Age at exposure was categorized as: 0–6.9 years (infancy and early childhood), 7–11.9 years (middle childhood), and 12–14 years (early adolescence). Psychiatric disorders after age 15 were defined from ICD codes through registers. Risks were calculated as Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results showed that exposure to at least one CA was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder (HR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3–1.4). Risks were increased for mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders and ADHD but not for eating disorders. The risk varied with type of disorder but was similar for all exposure periods. Individuals with multiple (3+) CAs had a two-fold risk of psychiatric disorder (HR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.9–2.1). In conclusion, our findings support the long-term negative impact of CA on mental health, regardless of developmental period of exposure. Given that experience of CA is common, efforts should be put to alleviate the burden of childhood adversities for children, particularly among the most disadvantaged.     

Is there a significance of histamine in the control of the human male sexual response?

Although histamine has been suggested to be involved in the control of male sexual function, including the induction of penile erection, its role in the human corpus cavernosum penis is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the course of histamine plasma levels through different stages of sexual arousal in the systemic and cavernous blood of healthy male subjects. Thirty four (34) healthy men were exposed to erotic stimuli to elicit penile erection. Blood was aspirated from the corpus cavernosum and a cubital vein during the penile conditions flaccidity, tumescence, rigidity and detumescence. Blood was also collected in the post-ejaculatory period. Plasma levels of histamine (ng ml(-1)) were determined by means of a radioimmunoassay. Histamine slightly decreased in the cavernous blood when the penis became tumescent. During rigidity, histamine decreased further but remained unaltered in the phase of detumescence and after ejaculation. In the systemic circulation, no alterations were observed with the initiation or termination of penile erection, whereas a significant drop was registered following ejaculation. Results are not in favour of the hypothesis of an excitatory role of histamine in the control of penile erection. Nevertheless, the amine might mediate biological events during the post-ejaculatory period.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者围手术期死亡原因分析

目的 探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症围手术期死亡原因及影响因素,降低其围手术期死亡率.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2010年7月15例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症围手术期死亡的临床资料.结果 本组15例围手术期死亡患者中,术前死亡9例,包括多器官功能衰竭5例、心功能衰竭2例、心源性猝死和呼吸衰竭各1例;术后死亡6例,包括急性肾功能衰竭2例、心功能衰竭2例、脑梗死和失血性休克各1例.与心脏、肾脏及肺脏相关的死亡分别是10例、6例、2例;直接死于心功能衰竭、心源性猝死、肾功能衰竭、呼吸衰竭、脑梗死和失血性休克分别是4例、1例、2例、1例、1例、1例.多器官功能衰竭、心功能衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭是围手术期死亡的主要原因,共占73.33％(11/15).围手术期总病死率是3.11％ (15/483),手术死亡率是1.47％( 6/407).结论 死亡原因与影响因素、器官功能密切相关,有效干预影响因素,加强围手术期器官功能的监测与治疗,有利于降低围手术期死亡率.     

用加速康复外科理念治疗胃癌患者的临床应用探讨

目的探讨加速康复外科理念在胃癌患者围手术期治疗过程中的应用。方法将80例胃癌患者随机分为传统方法组(n=40)和加速康复组(n=40),比较2组患者术前1 d、术后第1、3天的外周血总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、IgG、IgM、IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+水平,记录2组患者术后发热持续时间、首次排气时间,住院时间以及术后并发症情况。结果加速康复组术后首次排气时间提前,术后发热持续时间及住院时间均较传统方法组短(P<0.05),2组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术后第1天TLC与术前1 d相比降低,而CRP与术前1 d相比增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后第3天加速康复组CRP较传统方法组明显降低(P<0.05),IgG、IgM、IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+水平均比传统方法组升高(P<0.05)。结论胃癌患者行加速康复外科理念治疗是安全有效的,且能减轻手术创伤对患者免疫功能的打击,促进患者康复。     

右美托咪啶对老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期质量的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期质量的影响.方法 择期行骨科手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,年龄≥65岁,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、右美托咪啶0.25 μg/kg组(D1组)和右美托咪啶0.50 μg/kg组(D2组).C组、D1组和D2组分别于麻醉诱导前15 min静脉输注生理盐水、右美托咪啶0.25 μg/kg和0.50μg/kg( 15 ml),输注时间15 min.3组均采用全身麻醉,于切皮前即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg.记录自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间及全麻恢复期不良反应的发生情况,采用词语等级量表评分法(VRS)评估苏醒5min时疼痛程度.结果 与C组比较,D1组和D2组躁动、呛咳、心血管事件发生率和VRS评分降低,镇痛有效率升高,D2组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长(p＜0.05),VRS评分、镇痛有效率及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全麻诱导前静脉输注右美托咪啶0.25μg/kg可改善老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期的质量.     

加速康复外科在腹腔镜肾癌根治术中应用的安全性及有效性研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)对腹腔镜肾癌根治术的影响。方法:将同期入院的60例腹腔镜肾癌根治术患者随机分为两组,分别采用加速康复(FTS组)及常规围手术期处理(对照组)方案,对比分析两组患者术后通气时间、开始进食时间、导尿管与引流管留置时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率、疼痛评分等,患者均在满足出院标准的情况下安排出院。结果:FTS组通气时间、首次下床活动时间、开始进食时间明显提前,导尿管与引流管留置时间、术后住院时间、住院费用明显减少,术中、术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义,术后24 h、48 h咳嗽状态评分两组相比差异有统计学意义。结论:加速康复外科应用于腹腔镜肾癌根治术是安全、有效的,可加速患者的康复。     

培菲康联合美沙拉秦对轻、中度活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者的临床疗效和安全性研究

目的?探讨轻、中度活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者应用培菲康与美沙拉嗪联合治疗的临床价值,并分析其用药安全性。?V?将我院在2017年9月～2018年5月收治的78例轻、中度活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者作为本次研究病例,按照治疗手段的不同对患者进行分组,研究组与对照组各39例,对照组单纯应用美沙拉嗪治疗,研究组采取培菲康与美沙拉嗪联合治疗,比较两组的临床效果。?结果?治疗后,研究组TNF-α（31.60±14.50）、IL-23（513.20±60.80）、IL-17（221.50±51.60）的检测水平以及治疗总有效率与对照组比较差异明显,具有统计学意义。结论 将培菲康与美沙拉嗪联合应用在轻、中度活动期溃疡性结肠炎患者的治疗中,效果明显,价值显著,不仅能够提高患者的治疗总有效率,还能够改善患者体内的炎症细胞因子水平,对延缓患者病症发展有积极促进的作用,临床价值较高,值得临床探索。