2016—2019年常州地区无偿献血者酶免和核酸平行检测结果分析

目的分析ELISA和NAT平行的血液筛查模式对降低经输血感染病原体风险的有效性。方法收集常州市2016—2019年270215例无偿献血者血液标本,采用两次ELISA并行检测HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP。268264例ELISA双阴性标本采用6人份混样(pool)NAT进行HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA的检测,核酸阳性的pool进行拆分单检。结果270215例无偿献血者HBsAg、抗HCV、抗HIV和抗TP的阳性率分别为2.58‰(697例)、1.49‰(402例)、0.23‰(61例)和3.06‰(827例)。268264例酶免阴性无偿献血者HBV DNA、HCV RNA和HIV RNA阳性率分别为0.86‰(230例)、0.01‰(3例)和0.01‰(2例)。结论ELISA与NAT两种检测方法能相互补充,极大降低了输血感染病原体的残余风险,保障输血安全。NAT能进一步缩短血液传染性病毒的检测“窗口期”,检出隐匿性病毒。     

婴儿期生长情况对青春期性发育的影响研究

目的 探讨婴儿期快速生长对青春期性发育的影响,对预防未来青春期提早发育提供依据。方法 选择2004年1月-2005年1月在温州市儿童医院及本院体检的198例生长过快的婴儿为观察组,另选择175名正常婴儿为对照组。根据出现月经初潮/遗精的时间点,把观察组分成性早熟组和正常发育组。采用Spearman相关性分析观察组婴儿1周岁的身高Δ值、体重Δ值与青春期性早熟的相关性。结果 观察组婴儿1周岁的身高Δ值、体重Δ值均显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t＝2.085,2.146,P＜0.05);观察组儿童的身高、体重、体脂、骨龄值均显著大于对照组儿童,观察组儿童的T、E2、FSH、LH水平均显著高于对照组儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。对照组无性早熟患儿。观察组、早熟组和正常组的男女比例对比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。早熟组身高、体重、体脂、骨龄值均显著大于正常组,早熟组T、E2、FSH、LH水平均显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组婴儿1周岁的身高Δ值、体重Δ值与青春期性早熟呈正相关(r=0.816,0.872,P<0.001)。结论 婴儿期快速生长可造成儿童青春期前肥胖和体脂过度,使青春期早发。控制婴儿期过快生长对预防未来青春期提早发育有重要意义。     

Effectiveness of Comanagement Model: Geriatric Medicine and Vascular Surgery

ObjectivesOlder surgical patients frequently develop postoperative complications due to their frailty and multiple comorbidities. Geriatric medicine consultation helps to optimize risk factors and improve outcomes in patients with hip fracture. This study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes before and after comanagement model implementation between geriatric medicine (Geriatric Surgical Service) and vascular surgery services.DesignThis was a case-control study involving emergency vascular surgical patients who were comanaged by vascular surgery, geriatric medicine, and geriatric nursing services.Settings and ParticipantsThis study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 2015 to 2018 with acute vascular surgical patients aged older than 65 years.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 135 patients from 2013 to 2014 (control group) who fulfilled the criteria for the comanagement model was compared with a prospective cohort of 348 patients who were comanaged by a geriatric surgical service from 2015 to 2018, and a further subgroup analysis of patients between 2015 and 2016 (n = 150) (early intervention group) and between 2017 and 2018 (n = 198) (late intervention group) was performed.ResultsComanaged patients had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 20.8 days, P = .001), reduced nosocomial infections (3% vs 12% for urinary tract infection, P = .003) and decreased 30-day readmission rates (22% vs 34%, P = .011). A trend of a decreased incidence of fluid overload was noted in patients comanaged with the geriatric surgical service (3% vs 7%, P = .073). Subgroup analysis showed progressive reductions in the length of stay (15.4 vs 11.6 days, P = .001), 30-day readmission rate (35% vs 22%, P = .01), and nosocomial urinary tract infection (8% vs 3%, P = .003) between the early intervention group and the late intervention group. Although they were not statistically significant, reductions were also observed in the delirium rate (13% vs 11%) and other postoperative medical complications in the early intervention group and the late intervention group.Conclusion and ImplicationsDespite having increasing comorbidities, older vascular surgical inpatients had a significantly shorter length of stay, reduced nosocomial infections, and decreased 30-day readmission rates through a comanagement model with vascular surgery and geriatric medicine services. Improvements in outcomes were observed over time as the model of care evolved. Geriatric medicine intervention in the perioperative period improves the outcomes of older acute vascular surgical patients.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者产后糖代谢异常转归影响因素分析

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者产后糖代谢异常(AGM)转归及其影响因素。方法选择2019年1月至12月,于四川大学华西第二医院孕期被诊断为GDM,并于产后4~12周进行75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)筛查的1175例单胎妊娠产妇为研究对象。根据其产后糖代谢是否正常,将其分为研究组(n=361,产后AGM者)与对照组(n=814,产后糖代谢正常者)。采用回顾性分析方法,收集受试者一般临床资料及孕期与产后4~12周75 g OGTT结果等,并采用成组t检验或χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。对GDM患者产后AGM转归相关影响因素进行单因素分析与多因素非条件logistic回归分析,探讨其AGM转归的独立影响因素。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该伦理委员会批准[审批文号:医学科研2021伦审批第(181)号]。结果①24~28孕周时,1175例GDM患者75 g OGTT结果提示,空腹血糖(FPG)及OGTT 1、2 h血糖指标中,1、2、3项升高者分别为639例(54.4%)、373例(31.7%)与163例(13.9%)。②产后4~12周时,1175例GDM患者75 g OGTT结果提示,产后糖代谢正常者为814例(69.3%),AGM为361例(30.7%),包括空腹血糖受损(IFG)为19例(1.6%),糖耐量受损(IGT)为294例(25.0%),IFG+IGT为23例(2.0%),疑似2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者为25例(2.1%)。③产后AGM转归影响因素的单因素分析结果显示,研究组GDM患者年龄、糖尿病家族史发生率,24~28孕周OGTT 1、2 h血糖值,以及2项血糖指标(OGTT 1、2 h血糖)均升高与3项血糖指标(FPG及OGTT1、2 h血糖)均升高者所占比例,均显著高于对照组,而研究组仅1项血糖指标(FPG或OGTT 1 h血糖)升高者所占比例,则显著低于对照组,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果:模型1将受试者年龄、糖尿病家族史及24~28孕周OGTT 1、2 h血糖值进行多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病家族史及24~28孕周OGTT 1、2 h血糖值,均为GDM患者产后AGM转归的独立危险因素(OR=1.693、1.205、1.355,95%CI:1.208~2.373、1.088~1.335、1.204~1.524,P=0.002、<0.001、<0.001)。模型2将受试者年龄、糖尿病家族史、24~28孕周OGTT血糖指标升高项目进行多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病家族史及24~28孕周OGTT 2项血糖指标(OGTT 1、2 h血糖)升高与3项血糖指标均升高,均为GDM患者产后AGM转归独立危险因素(OR=1.668、1.421、1.747,95%CI:1.192~2.333、1.035~1.952、1.195~2.553,P=0.003、0.030、0.004);24~28孕周仅FPG或OGTT 1 h血糖升高为其独立保护因素(OR=0.401、0.646,95%CI:0.240~0.670、0.418~0.997,P<0.001、=0.048)。结论对于GDM患者产后AGM转归,临床应关注其年龄、糖尿病家族史、孕期OGTT结果等指标。对GDM高危人群进行上述指标持续监测与规范干预,是健全GDM孕前-孕期-产后全程管理的重要环节。     

心脏瓣膜置换术48例围手术期的处理

目的：总结瓣膜置换术围手术期处理所临床经验。方法：回顾性分析48例瓣膜置换术病人术前、术中、术后处理的临床资料。结果：发生围手术期并发症共14例,其中低心排4例,心律失常4例最多。长期存活47例,死于多器官功能衰竭1例。结论：术前注意纠正心功能不足与合并症的治疗,术中注意心肌保护与三尖瓣关闭不全的矫治,术后强调补足血容量和血清钾后强心利尿。     

Incomplete Administration of Intravenous Vancomycin Prophylaxis is Common and Associated With Increased Infectious Complications After Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundVancomycin is often used as antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Vancomycin requires longer infusion times to avoid associated side effects. We hypothesized that vancomycin infusion is often started too late and that delayed infusion may predispose patients to increased rates of surgical site infections and prosthetic joint infections.MethodsWe reviewed clinical data for all primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients at our institution between 2013 and 2020 who received intravenous vancomycin as primary perioperative gram-positive antibiotic prophylaxis. We calculated duration of infusion before incision or tourniquet inflation, with a cutoff of 30 minutes defining adequate administration. Patients were divided into two groups: 1) appropriate administration and 2) incomplete administration. Surgical factors and quality outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsWe reviewed 1047 primary THA and TKA patients (524 THAs and 523 TKAs). The indication for intravenous vancomycin usage was allergy (61%), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization (17%), both allergy and colonization (14%), and other (8%). 50.4% of patients began infusion >30 minutes preoperatively (group A), and 49.6% began infusion <30 minutes preoperatively (group B). Group B had significantly higher rates of readmissions for infectious causes (3.6 vs 1.3%, P = .017). This included a statistically significant increase in confirmed prosthetic joint infections (2.2% vs 0.6%, P = .023). Regression analysis confirmed <30 minutes of vancomycin infusion as an independent risk factor for PJI when controlling for comorbidities (OR 5.22, P = .012).ConclusionLate infusion of vancomycin is common and associated with increased rates of infectious causes for readmission and PJI. Preoperative protocols should be created to ensure appropriate vancomycin administration when indicated.     

Understanding the Main Predictors of Length of Stay After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Patient-Related or Procedure-Related Risk Factors?

BackgroundRemoving total hip arthroplasty (THA) from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) inpatient-only list allows Medicare to cover outpatient THA, driving hospitals to recommend outpatient surgery for appropriate patients and raising safety concerns over which patients’ admissions should remain inpatient. Thus, we aimed to determine the influence of patient-related and procedure-related risk factors as predictors of >1-day Length of Stay (LOS) after THA.MethodsA prospective cohort of 5281 patients underwent primary THA from 2016 to 2019. Risk factors were categorized as patient-related or procedure-related. Multivariable cumulative link models identified significant predictors for 1-day, 2-day, and ≥3-day LOS. Discriminating 1-day LOS from >1-day LOS, we compared performance between two regression models.ResultsA>1-day LOS was significantly associated with age, female gender, higher body mass index, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, Medicare status, and higher Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Physical Function Shortform(HOOS-PS) and lower Veterans RAND12 Mental Component (VR-12 MCS) scores via the initial regression model that contained patient factors only. A second regression model included procedure-related risk factors and indicated that procedure-related risk factors explain LOS more effectively than patient-related risk factors alone, as Akaike information criterion (AIC) increased by approximately 1100 units upon removal from the model.ConclusionAlthough patient-related risk factors alone provide predictive value for LOS following THA, procedure-related risk factors remain the main drivers of predicting LOS. These findings encourage examination of which specific procedural risk factors should be targeted to optimize LOS when choosing between inpatient and outpatient THA, especially within a Medicare population.     

Impact of Perioperative Pain Control on Knee Range of Motion and Development of Arthrofibrosis Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundInadequate pain control following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been postulated to negatively impact knee range of motion (ROM). We sought to determine the association between perioperative pain levels and knee ROM at 3-month follow-up or need for manipulation under anesthesia (MUA).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 2243 primary TKAs performed from 2002 to 2019 at a single academic center using an institutional total joint registry. Mean age was 68, mean body mass index was 32.8, and 59% were female. Knee ROM was measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Change in knee ROM, rates of soft tissue contracture, and MUA were assessed in relation to in-hospital 10-point pain visual analog scale (VAS) measurements.ResultsOverall, 44% had improved ROM at 3-month follow-up, 29% had no change in ROM, and 27% had worsened ROM. There was no significant difference in mean VAS scores of patients with improved, unchanged, or worsened ROM postoperatively (3.0 vs 2.8 vs 3.0; P = .068). There was no significant difference in mean VAS scores of patients who developed a soft tissue contracture or required MUA vs those who did not develop these complications (2.7 vs 2.9; P = .24). Similarly, no significant relationship with these outcomes was identified when maximum and discharge VAS scores were analyzed.ConclusionComparable ROM and rates of MUA based on in-hospital pain levels were observed in this large series of primary TKA patients. While significant early pain may limit participation in ROM exercises initially, this does not appear to have a marked impact on ROM-related complications for most patients.Level of EvidenceIII, Therapeutic.     

Perioperative Mortality and Periprosthetic Fracture: A Single-Center Experience of 857 Uncemented Hemiarthroplasties for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures

BackgroundUncemented hemiarthroplasty (UHA) for displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF) is favored by some surgeons because of the reduced rate of perioperative mortality and operative time. However higher rates of intraoperative and postoperative periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) have been reported. The aim of the study was to review day-0, day-1, day-2, day-30, and one-year mortality as well as intraoperative and postoperative PPF after UHA for displaced FNF and compare this with cemented hemiarthroplasties (CHAs) performed. Secondary objectives were to assess whether femoral stem geometry and alignment were associated with PPF in UHA.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted of patients treated with a hemiarthroplasty for a displaced FNF over an eleven-year period. Radiographic analysis was conducted of femoral geometry and stem alignment.ResultsOver the 11-year study period, 857 UHAs and 247 CHAs were performed. There were no on-table, day-0, day-1, or day-2 deaths in UHA. Intraoperative PPF occurred in 3.6% UHA and 2% CHA and postoperative PPF in 2.4% UHA and 4.8% CHA. Intraoperative PPF was not associated with increased mortality (P = .15), postoperative PPF, or all-cause revision in UHA. Valgus stem alignment was a risk factor for a postoperative PPF and additional surgery in UHA (P = .004).ConclusionUHA was associated with no perioperative deaths and a 30-day mortality rate of 5% in this series. It can be considered in patients with multiple medical comorbidities. Careful surgical planning and technique is important to optimize stem alignment particularly in Dorr C type femurs.