女性吸毒人员的吸毒因素、社会化状况及应对措施

目的:了解女性吸毒人员社会化基本状况,并对其应对方式进行分析。方法:问卷调查、个案访谈及对在册病案进行回顾性分析及采用单因素Logistic回归分析。结果:诱发女性吸毒的因素众多,采用单因素Logistic回归分析OR值2 0以上,并有显著性意义的因素有:受教育程度、职业状况、婚姻状况、好奇、同伴影响、感情受挫、寻求刺激和减肥。结论:社会化不足是导致女性吸毒、影响其戒毒和保持戒毒后操守的重要因素,有针对性地对女性吸毒人员实施有效的社会化治疗是必要和有效的。     

DNA阵列芯片上的DNA二聚体并行热力学研究及其在SNP基因分析中的应用

目的用DNA阵列芯片进行SNP的探测。方法根据DNA二聚体的热力学性质,在DNA阵列芯片上测定其解链曲线,用数学的方法获得其解链温度(Tm)值,再根据Tm值进行SNP分析。结果用特殊设计的寡聚DNA阵列芯片进行并行热力学研究,测得其DNA二聚体的解链曲线,计算出Tm值,并进行了SNP分析。结论可用DNA阵列芯片成功地进行高通量的SNP基因分析。     

Study of an outbreak of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong.

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) has been a significant and increasing public health problem in Hong Kong since 1980s. With growing demand for imported live coral fishes, the number of people who suffered from this disease has also been increasing. An outbreak of CFP in 2004 was the second most prominent in record as compared with the most significant one that occurred in 1998. In 2004, out of a total of 823 reported food poisoning outbreaks involving 3159 persons, 65 incidents (7.9%) affecting 247 people (7.8%) were attributed to CFP. Validated mouse bioassay analysis of surveillance samples revealed that seven samples (13%) were confirmed to be contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). Typical symptoms of CTXs were found in mice injected with 20mg of fish extracts. The causative fishes included Cheilinus undulatus, Epinephelus coioides, Plectropomus areolatus, and Plectropomus leopardus. Most of these CTX-positive samples analyzed had only trace amounts of CTXs in their extract, except a C. undulatus sample which contained a mice lethal dose (2.5MU/20mg ether extract). This fish species was also the major origin of coral fish that caused clusters of CFP in the last quarter of 2004. Cigua-Check analysis of 20 flesh grains from seven CTX-positive fishes, previously confirmed as CTX-positive samples by mouse bioassay, showed that 50% of flesh grains were CTX contaminated.     

2001—2004年我院抗过敏滴眼液使用情况分析

目的客观分析我院抗过敏滴眼液的使用情况及发展趋势，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法用DDD分析法对我院2001—2004年4年间抗过敏滴眼液的使用情况进行统计和分析。结果4年来我院抗过敏滴眼液在用药金额、用药频度和销售量方面都呈上升趋势。DDDs排序前5位的是复方萘甲唑啉、萘扑维、新乐敦、色甘酸钠、那素达滴眼液。按销售金额排序为洛度沙胺、复方萘甲唑啉、萘扑维、新乐敦、吡嘧司特钾滴眼液。结论我院抗过敏滴眼液使用合理，临床以使用减轻充血剂．组胺受体阻断药的复方制剂占抗过敏滴眼液市场的主导地位。     

栀子药材中三种有效成分HPLC定量分析结果不确定度的评定

采用HPLC方法同时测定栀子药材中栀子苷、绿原酸和藏红花素Ⅰ的含量,通过对测试方法流程进行分析,确定不确定度来源,结合含量测定方法验证数据,计算了不确定度分量、合成不确定度及扩展不确定度;结果表明,用HPLC方法定量分析栀子药材中栀子苷、绿原酸和藏红花素1的方法满足现代药物分析方法学的要求,且三者的扩展不确定度分别为0.1024,0.2254,0.1265.     

紫荆皮挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从紫荆皮中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油成分进行分析,共鉴定了34个成分,并用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量.     

Long-term survival of cancer patients in Germany achieved by the beginning of the third millenium.

BACKGROUND: Over the last decades, long-term survival rates have substantially increased for many forms of cancer. However, these improvements have often been detected with substantial delay by traditional methods of survival analyses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using data of the population-based Saarland Cancer Registry, 5- and 10-year relative survival rates were derived for patients with 24 common forms of cancer in Saarland/Germany for the years 2000-2002 by period analysis and compared with conventional cohort estimates of 5- and 10-year relative survival rates pertaining to patients diagnosed in 1990-1992. RESULTS: For many forms of cancer, the 2000-2002 period survival estimates were substantially higher than the corresponding estimates for the cohorts of patients diagnosed in 1990-1992. For example, 10-year relative survival rates achieved in 2000-2002 were close to 100% for patients with testis and thyroid cancer, >85% for patients with melanomas of the skin, approximately 80% for patients with endometrial cancer and prostate cancer, close to 70% for patients with breast cancer and kidney cancer, and close to 60% for patients with colon cancer and lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: Survival expectations of patients diagnosed with cancer at the beginning of the third millenium are substantially higher than previously available survival statistics have suggested.     

HER2、HER1在非小细胞肺癌中过度表达及其临床意义

目的检测人体表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)与人体表皮生长因子受体1(HER1)在非小细胞肺癌中的表达,研究其过度表达与肺癌临床病理的关系.方法采用免疫组化(SP)法检测有5年随访资料的58例肺癌(32例鳞癌和26例腺癌)组织中HER2与HER1的表达.结果HER2、HER1、HER2和HER1双表达(HER2 1)表达率分别为56.9%、63.8%、31.0%;HER2、HER1、HER2 1的过度表达与肺癌的淋巴结转移、TNM分期呈正相关,与术后5年生存率呈负相关.结论HER2、HER1的过度表达不是肺癌形成过程中的早期现象,而是肺癌发生发展过程中的晚期现象;HER2、HER1、HER2 1过度表达与肺癌患者术后预后呈负相关,是肺癌患者预后的标记指标之一.     

中晚期肝细胞癌预后影响因素分析

目的研究中晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的预后相关因素,建立具有临床实用性的预后模型.方法根据166例HCC患者临床及随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier和Cox回归模型方法,分析HCC患者的预后影响因素,并建立预后指数(PI)模型.结果单因素分析显示Child-Pugh分级、肝外转移、腹水、治疗、胆红素、血清钠、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、肿瘤形态和大小、临床分期和门静脉癌栓与HCC患者生存率有关.多因素分析表明,肿瘤形态(P=0.001)、肿瘤大小(P=0.002)、甲胎蛋白(P=0.014)、血清钠(P=0.011)和Child-Pugh分级(P=0.001)是独立的预后影响因素.预后指数(PI)定义为回归方程:PI=ey,y=0.585(肿瘤形态-2.0542) 0.747(肿瘤大小-1.879) 0.477(AFP-1.4157)-0.570(血清钠-1.6933) 0.786(Child-Pugh分级-1.7590).PI＜1和≥1患者的中位生存期分别为10.2个月和1.8个月(P＜0.01).结论肿瘤形态、肿瘤大小、甲胎蛋白、血清钠和Child-Pugh分级是中晚期HCC患者独立的预后影响因素,根据独立预后因素建立的预后指数模型可帮助临床预测中晚期HCC患者的预后.     

CIK细胞对慢性粒细胞白血病G0期CD34+白血病细胞的杀伤作用

目的研究细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(cytokine induced killer,CIK)对慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)中G0期原始干细胞(CD34+)的杀伤作用。方法5例CML慢性期患者外周血标本在体外诱导培养CIK细胞,流式细胞仪(FCM)检测其表型。G带法检测CIK细胞核型。应用免疫磁珠技术分选CD34+CML白血病细胞,AO染色后利用FCM检测CIK细胞对G0期CD34+CML白血病细胞的杀伤作用。半固体培养法检测CIK细胞对正常骨髓CFU-GM、BFU-E集落的影响。结果CIK细胞在培养第3周时,CD3+细胞数量达(97.29±3.55)%,CD3+CD56+细胞绝对数量增加了356倍,染色体分析证实,CIK细胞为正常核型,流式细胞仪检测CIK细胞对G0期CD34+CML白血病细胞平均杀伤率为66.73%。对照组与加入CIK细胞组的CFU-GM集落数分别为150±16和145±20,差异无统计学意义,P=0.38;两组的BFU-E集落数分别为68±5和65±8,差异无统计学意义,P=0.23。集落类型、大小两组相似,差异无统计学意义,P=0.46。结论CIK细胞可从CML患者外周血中大量扩增,来源于正常淋巴细胞,对G0期CD34+CML白血病细胞有明显抑制作用,对正常造血前体细胞无抑制作用,可作为过继细胞免疫治疗的效应细胞治疗CML。