单壁碳纳米管对小鼠N2a神经瘤细胞潜在毒性的探讨

目的探究单壁碳纳米管（single—wailed carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs）对小鼠成神经瘤细胞（N2a）的细胞毒性作用。方法采用不同浓度的SWCNTs悬液（0、12．5、25、50ug·ml-1）对N2a细胞进行24h染毒处理后,检测细胞活力,细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平。结果随着N2a染毒浓度的增加,N2a细胞活力下降,ROS含量增加,GSH含量下降。在维生素C（Vitc）存在的情况下,最高浓度组（50ug·ml-1）产生的细胞损伤最大程度上得到缓解。结论SWCNTs的暴露在某种程度上可对N2a细胞产生一定的细胞毒性,并且VitC可以通过降低氧化损伤对N2a细胞起到一定的保护作用。     

血清胱抑素C在妊娠糖尿病早期肾损害诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血清胱抑素C （Cys C）在妊娠糖尿病（GDM）患者早期肾损害诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取GDM患者67例,正常孕妇66例,未孕妇女57例,运用免疫透射比浊法检测Cys C浓度,用酶法检测血清尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐（Cr）浓度.结果 GDM组Cys C浓度显著高于正常未孕组和正常孕妇组（P＜0.05）;GDM晚孕组Cys C浓度和Cr浓度显著高于GDM中孕组（P＜0.05）;GDM晚孕组血清BUN浓度显著高于正常晚孕组（P＜0.05）;GDM晚孕组血清Cr浓度显著高于正常未孕组与正常晚孕组（P＜0.05）.结论 与BUN和Cr比较,Cys C是特异性强和敏感度高的肾功能评价指标.检测Cys C能早期发现GDM导致的肾功能损害,降低母婴并发症或围产期死亡率,具有重要的应用价值.     

口服农药“乐果”对上消化道黏膜的损害分析

农药＂乐果＂属于有机磷中等毒杀虫剂,口服＂乐果＂农药原液能引起上消化道黏膜损害。     

Microperforation of the colon: animal model in rats to reproduce mucosal thermal damage

Background

The aim of the present study was to develop a rat model of colonic microperforation secondary to thermal injury for future studies to assess new treatments.

Methods

Twenty-four male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in this study. Hot biopsy forceps were used for all treatments. All lesions were created in proximal left colon using the soft coagulation setting. The power setting tested was 40 W, and the durations of monopolar soft coagulation application evaluated were 2, 3, and 4 s.

Results

In the acute phase, 48 h after thermal injury, durations of cautery of 2 and 3 s resulted in transmural necrosis, whereas with 4 s microperforation was obtained. In the late phase, 7 d after the damage, only duration of cautery of 4 s showed deep cautery effects, with signs of peritonitis.

Conclusions

We determined optimal power settings and duration of therapy in a rat model for producing electrocautery that involves transmural necrosis with microperforation.     

Deleterious effects of aggressive rapid crystalloid resuscitation on treatment of hyperinflammatory response and lung injury induced by hemorrhage in aging rats

Background

Large-volume, rapid crystalloid infusion may increase endothelial cell damage and induce shear stress, potentially leading to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. Limited guideline data for fluid administration are currently available, especially for the aging population. The aim of the present study was to compare the degree of organ damage in conscious aging rats when different resuscitation speeds were used during the treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Methods

Eighteen aging male Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the control group, 30-min rapid resuscitation group, and 12-h slow resuscitation group. To mimic HS, 40% of the total blood volume was withdrawn. Fluid resuscitation (1:3) was given at 30 min after the blood withdrawal. Blood biochemical parameters including glucose, lactic acid, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured along with the levels of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The lungs were examined for pathologic changes, and the injury score at 24 h after HS was calculated.

Results

Compared with slow-rate resuscitation, initially rapid and immediate resuscitation significantly increased the serum levels of glucose, LDH, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and interleukin 10), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of white blood cells, TNF-α, and LDH as well as produced pathologic changes in the organ. The lung injury scores were higher after induced HS in aging rats.

Conclusions

The slow and continuous (12 h) fluid resuscitation rate ameliorated HS-induced organ damage in conscious aging rats.     

Strategies for myelin regeneration: lessons learned from development

Myelin regeneration is indispensably important for patients suffering from several central nervous system （CNS） disorders such as multiple sclerosis （MS） and spinal cord injury （SCI）, because it is not only essential for restoring neurophysiology, but also protects denuded axons for secondary degeneration. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination is critical for the development of remyelination-specific therapeutic approaches. As remyelination shares certain common mechanisms with developmental myelination, knowledge from study of developmental myelination contributes greatly to emerging myelin regeneration therapies, best evidenced as the recently developed human anti-Nogo receptor interacting protein-1 （LINGO-1） monoclonal antibodies to treat MS patients in clinical trials.     

660 nm red light-enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for hypoxic-ischemic brain damage treatment

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. However, the in vivo transplantation effects are poor and their survival, colonization and differentiation efficiencies are relatively low. Red or near-infrared light from 600–1,000 nm promotes cellular migration and prevents apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that the combination of red light with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation would be effective for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. In this study, the migration and colonization of cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on primary neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation were detected using Transwell assay. The results showed that, after a 40-hour irradiation under red light-emitting diodes at 660 nm and 60 mW/cm2, an increasing number of green fluorescence-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells migrated towards hypoxic-ischemic damaged primary neurons. Meanwhile, neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage were given an intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, followed by irradiation under red light-emitting diodes at 660 nm and 60 mW/cm2 for 7 successive days. Shuttle box test results showed that, after phototherapy and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, the active avoidance response rate of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage rats was significantly increased, which was higher than that after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alone. Experimental findings indicate that 660 nm red light emitting diode irradiation promotes the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, thereby enhancing the contribution of cell transplantation in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.     

Green tea polyphenols protect spinal cord neurons against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Green tea polyphenols are strong antioxidants and can reduce free radical damage. To investigate their neuroprotective potential, we induced oxidative damage in spinal cord neurons using hydrogen peroxide, and applied different concentrations(50–200 μg/mL) of green tea polyphenol to the cell medium for 24 hours. Measurements of superoxide dismutase activity, malondialdehyde content, and expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins revealed that green tea polyphenol effectively alleviated oxidative stress. Our results indicate that green tea polyphenols play a protective role in spinal cord neurons under oxidative stress.     

小儿急性胃炎患者150例临床治疗分析

目的研究和分析不同治疗方法对急性胃炎小儿患者的临床效果。方法针对本院从2012年1月—2013年7月确诊并接受住院治疗的小儿急性胃炎患儿共150例,按照随机的原则,将患者分成观察组和对照组各75例,对照组患者给予蒙脱石散剂口服,观察组患者则根据不同的病因,分别给予葡萄糖注射液或者氯化钠注射液与甲氰咪呱静脉注射等治疗方法,疗程结束后,对两组的治疗效果进行对比分析。结果全部患者经过治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为98.7%,明显高于观察组患者（88%）,该两组患者的总有效率对比具有明显的差异,存在统计学意义。结论对于小儿急性胃炎患者,只有根据患者不同的病因,而采取有效的治疗方案,才能够达到显著的临床治疗效果。