A Cost‐effective,Gelatin‐Based Phantom Model for Learning Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration Procedures of the Head and Neck

The rise in popularity of ultrasound imaging has seen a corresponding increase in demand for effective training tools such as phantom models. They are especially useful for teaching and practice of invasive procedures, such as fine‐needle aspiration of lesions of the head and neck. We have created 2 gelatin models out of inexpensive, commonly available materials that can be used in sequence to learn head and neck fine‐needle aspiration. Fundamental skills can be learned first on the flat, rectangular model, whereas the second, cylindrical model more closely represents human anatomy and can be used to develop more advanced technique.     

Improved cisplatin delivery in cervical cancer cells by utilizing folate-grafted non-aggregated gelatin nanoparticles

PurposeCisplatin is highly effective in the treatment of cervical cancer. However, in therapeutic doses, cisplatin induces several adverse effects due to undesirable tissue distribution. Therefore, it is worth targeting cisplatin in cervical cancer cells by implicating non-aggregated ligand-modified nanotherapeutics.Methods and resultsHere, we report the preparation of non-aggregated folic acid-conjugated gelatin nanoparticles of cisplatin (Cis-GNs-FA) by two-step desolvation method with mean particle size of 210.6 ± 9.6 nm and 140.5 ± 10.9 nm for Cis-GNs to improve the drug delivery in cervical cancer, HeLa cells. FTIR and DSC spectra confirmed the presence and stability of cisplatin in gelatin matrix. Furthermore, amorphization of cisplatin in nanoparticles was ascertained by PXRD. Drug release followed a first-order release kinetic at both pH ∼ 5.6 (cervical cancer pH) and pH ∼ 7.4. In addition, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in IC₅₀ value (8.3 μM) and enhanced apoptosis were observed in HeLa cells treated with Cis-GNs-FA as compared to Cis-GNs (15.1 μM) and cisplatin solution (40.2 μM). In contrast, A549 lung cancer cells did not discriminate between Cis-GNs-FA and Cis-GNs due to the absence of folate receptors-α (FR-α). Consistently, higher cellular uptake, 80.54 ± 7.60% was promoted by Cis-GNs-FA significantly (two-way ANOVA, P < 0.05) greater than 51.68 ± 9.78%, by Cis-GNs. This was also illustrated by CLSM images, which indicated that Cis-GNs-FA preferably accumulated in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells nearby nucleus by following receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway as compared to Cis-GNs.ConclusionTherefore, Cis-GNs-FA warrants further in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations to scale up the technology for clinical translation.     

In vitro and in vivo Biocompatibility of Alginate Dialdehyde/Gelatin Hydrogels with and without Nanoscaled Bioactive Glass for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

In addition to good mechanical properties needed for three-dimensional tissue engineering, the combination of alginate dialdehyde, gelatin and nano-scaled bioactive glass (45S5) is supposed to combine excellent cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation properties, good biocompatibility and predictable degradation rates. The goal of this study was to evaluate thein vitro and in vivo biocompatibility as a first step on the way to its use as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering. In vitro evaluation showed good cell adherence and proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on covalently crosslinked alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogel films with and without 0.1% nano-Bioglass^®(nBG). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)- and mitochondrial activity significantly increased in both ADA-GEL and ADA-GEL-nBG groups compared to alginate. However, addition of 0.1% nBG seemed to have slight cytotoxic effect compared to ADA-GEL. In vivo implantation did not produce a significant inflammatory reaction, and ongoing degradation could be seen after four weeks. Ongoing vascularization was detected after four weeks. The good biocompatibility encourages future studies using ADA-GEL and nBG for bone tissue engineering application.     

Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用研究

目的:观察Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用效果。方法:选择40例前牙区拔牙拟作Ⅱ型种植的病人,随机分层分为Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵填塞止血组(试验组)及棉球压迫止血组(对照组)。拔牙后,试验组在牙槽窝置入Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,对照组常规紧咬棉球30分钟后取出,观察比较两组的止血效果和4周后行Ⅱ型种植手术前拔牙位点软组织愈合的情况。结果:试验组拔牙创出血很快停止,出血平均时间为0.67分,试验组、对照组止血效果有效率分别为100%,80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在4周后Ⅱ型种植手术前试验组、对照组的软组织愈合良好率分别为70%和40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,能显著缩短出血时间,有效增强止血效果,具有止血和持久杀菌的双重效果,有利于形成良好的软组织,有利于早期种植体植入后封闭创面,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

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目的评价自制洗必泰凝胶对粪肠球菌的抑菌效果。方法于2011年9月至2012年3月在辽宁省疾病控制中心微生物实验室采用纸片扩散法药敏实验测定生理盐水（A组）、Vitepex（B组）、2％洗必泰溶液（c组）和洗必泰凝胶（D组）对粪肠球菌形成的抑菌环直径并进行统计学分析。结果C组和D组的抑菌环直径明显大于B组,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．01）;C组和D组抑菌环直径的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;4组组内各时间点抑菌环直径差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论洗必泰凝胶是根管再治疗的理想消毒药物。     

Fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped chitosan–gelatin nanocompound coatings for titanium surface functionalization

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in clinic and achieved great success. Due to the bio-inertness of titanium surface, challenges still exit in some compromised conditions. The present study aimed to functionalize titanium surface with magnesium (Mg)-doped chitosan/gelatin (CS/G) nanocompound coatings via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CS/G coatings loaded with different amount of magnesium were successfully prepared on titanium substrate via EPD. Physicochemical characterization of the coatings confirmed that magnesium ions were loaded into the coatings in a dose-dependent manner. XRD results demonstrated that co-deposition of magnesium influenced the crystallinity of the coatings, and a new crystalline substance presented, namely hydrated basic magnesium carbonate. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile and shear bond strength of the magnesium-doped coatings, while the excessively high magnesium concentration could eventually decrease the bonding strength. Sustained release of magnesium ion was detected by ICP-OES within 28 days. TEM images also displayed that nanoparticles could be released from the coatings. In vitro cellular response assays demonstrated that the Mg-doped nanocompound coatings could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to CS/G coatings. Therefore, it could be concluded that Mg-doped CS/G nanocompound coatings were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates via EPD. It would be a promising candidate to functionalize titanium surface with such organic–inorganic nanocompound coatings.     

Creation of a gelatin-based solution for preservation of leukocytes

A new effective and available method is proposed for preservation of human blood leukocytes at supercooling temperature (−10°C). The method consists in induction of cold hypobiosis under protection of an original antifreeze protecting solution containing glycerol (cryoprotector), mexidol (antioxidant and membrane stabilizer), and gelatin preparation (modegel or gelatinol) as the solvent. No washing of the solution from the biological object before its intravenous injection is needed; the solution preserves morphological integrity of cells and their functional activity at a high level for 12 days. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 10, pp. 445–447, October, 2007     

Chitosan-Gelatin Hydrogel Crosslinked With Oxidized Sucrose for the Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate

Ocular hypertension due to increased intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Rapid clearance and low ocular bioavailability are drawbacks of conventional ocular treatments. This requires frequent and long-term application of antiglaucoma drugs which in turn cause local side effects and are a major cause of therapeutic failure due to loss of persistence in using glaucoma therapy. In this study, a semisynthetic, biocompatible, oxidized sucrose crosslinker was developed and used in the formulation of chitosan-gelatin hydrogel for the sustained release of timolol to control ocular hypertension. The swelling properties of the hydrogel showed a strong relationship with the oxidized sucrose concentration. Mucoadhesive properties of the hydrogel were studied and the in vitro release profiles demonstrated that crosslinking with oxidized sucrose reduced the release rate of the entrapped timolol. The results of both in vitro and in vivo studies supported that the formulated hydrogel maintained the release and in turn the efficacy of timolol for a longer period of time compared to the conventional eye drops. This is expected to reduce the frequency of drug application onto the eye surface and in turn enhances patients’ convenience. In conclusion, the developed formulation represents a promising platform for an effective and compliant treatment of ocular hypertension.     

海地瓜海参胶对胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠慢性炎症的改善作用

目的 研究海地瓜海参胶对胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠慢性炎症的改善作用。方法 建立高脂高果糖饮食诱导胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型。雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、海地瓜海参胶低剂量组（100 mg · (kg ·bw· d)-1）、海地瓜海参胶高剂量组（200 mg · (kg ·bw· d)-1）。饲喂9周后,检测小鼠空腹血糖、胰岛素、促炎因子游离脂肪酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素6及抗炎因子脂联素、白介素10水平;qRT-PCR 检测小鼠肝脏炎症因子mRNA表达水平。结果 海地瓜海参胶显著降低胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平;显著降低血清促炎因子含量,升高抗炎因子含量;显著下调肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素6 mRNA表达,上调脂联素、白介素10 mRNA表达。结论 海地瓜海参胶可显著改善胰岛素抵抗小鼠的慢性炎症。