Pharmacokinetics of orally administered norethisterone enanthate in rabbit, monkey, and women

Norethisterone enanthate (NET-En), an established intramuscular long-acting contraceptive agent, has previously been shown to be effective in inhibiting fertility in two rodent species even 4 days after oral ingestion. Pharmacokinetics of NET and NET-En were studied after oral and intramuscular doses in two animal species and a few women. The results suggest that the NET-En was absorbed within a day in all the species after oral dose. The estimates of relative bioavailability ranged from 13 to 51% in rabbits, monkeys, and women. The elimination half-life was 5–10 days. The presence of the active component, NET, in the circulation over the experimental period of 15 days suggests that NET-En could be useful as a long-acting oral pill. The suppression of progesterone levels during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle in women also supports this finding.     

Expression of c-erbB-2 protein in keratinocytes of oral mucosal lichen planus and subsequent squamous cell carcinoma

Oral mucosal lichen planus (OMLP) is a well recognized mucosal disease with unknown etiology. Considerable controversy exists as to whether OMLP is intrinsically premalignant, or if the disorder facilitates the development of oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (OMSCC) by external factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of c-erbB-2 protein in the keratinocytes of initial biopsies of oral mucosal disorders diagnosed as OMLP with no evidence of epithelial dysplasia. and to compare the results with the expression of c-erbB-2 protein in subsequent biopsies obtained from the same patients. These results were compared with the findings from control groups (patients with dysplasia with no evidence of OMLP, patients with OMSCC with no evidence of OMLP and normal oral mucosa). The expression of the c-erbB-2 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of the gene product with the avidin-biotin-complex method using paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Five of the initial biopsies from patients with OMLP expressed the c-erhB-2 protein and one did not. None of the OMLP cases that subsequently showed evidence of dysplasia expressed the c-erhB-2 protein, and of the three OMSCC specimens from the patients with OMLP. two were negative and one expressed c-erbB-2 protein. The specimens from the control groups all expressed the c-erhB-2 protein. The results indicated the probability of the absence of c-erbB-2 staining being an indication of a potential for neoplastic transformation in OMLP with dysplastic changes.     

Effect of Prevention and Treatment of Murine Acute Viral Myocarditisand Protection of Lymphoid Organ Atrophy withXinkang Oral Liquid (心康口服液)

Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｈａｔｃｏｘｓａｃｋｉｅｖｉｒｕｓｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｃａｕｓｅｏｆｖｉｒａｌｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉｔｉｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎ(1) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｅｎｄａｎｇｅｒｈｅａ     

Periodontal conditions among the middle-aged and the elderly in Hong Kong

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the periodontal conditions in 372 35–44-yr-old and 537 noninstitutionalized 65–74-yr-old Hong Kong Chinese who were examined clinically for loss of attachment, recession, probing depth, calculus, and bleeding after probing. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) data and treatment need indications were compiled from index teeth or their substitutes. The prevalence of loss of attachment varied considerably in both cohorts according to the definition of the threshold (≥6, ≥9, and ≥12 mm, respectively). The mean numbers of teeth with loss of attachment at the ≥6-mm threshold and at higher thresholds were small. In both age cohorts, about one-fifth of subjects had probing depths ≥6-mm, while al the ≥9-mm threshold only 2–3% were so affected. Although recession was an important component of loss of attachment in the younger cohort, in the older cohort the prevalence and extent of recession were greater than for probing depths at thresholds ≥4 mm. All subjects had one or more teeth with calculus, bleeding, or both, most teeth being so affected. Eighty-four of the 537 65–74-yr-old subjects were excluded either because of edentulousness or because extractions indicated for the remaining teeth would have rendered the subjects edentulous. The distribution of subjects according to their highest CPI score was remarkably similar for the two cohorts. No subjects in either age group were assessed as “healthy” (CPI code 0) or had “bleeding only” (code 1) as their highest score. While most subjects scored CPI code 2 or 3 us their highest score, only 17% of the younger and 15% of the older cohort scored Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) code 4. Differences in the mean number of sextants affected by CPI codes between the two cohorts were mainly due to a greater number of excluded sextants in the older cohort. CPI findings for 35–44-yr-olds differed little from those reported in 1984.     

Susceptibility to ketoconazole of Candida albicans strains from sequentially followed HIV-1 patients with recurrent oral candidosis

The MIC values of the antifungal drug ketoconazole were evaluated on 66 Candida albicans strains. These strains were isolated from 26 HIV-1 infected patients with oral recurrent candidosis. Each episode of oral candidosis observed in these patients was orally treated with ketoconazole (200 mg/day) until the clinical disappearance of the lesions. The most frequent MIC values were 20 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml, observed in 37 and 19 isolates respectively. Only strains from five patients showed changes in their susceptibility to ketoconazole. This fact could indicate that a different strain causes the subsequent reappearance of the oral lesions, rather than the drug selecting resistant fungal strains. Our results stress the role of host characteristics in the occurrence of candidal infections, pointing to the progressing failure of the immunological response as the most important factor responsible for the recurrence of oral candidosis during HIV-1 infection.     

长泰乐口服液治疗成人急性感染性腹泻45例临床观察

长泰乐生物保健口服液是一种新型腹泻治疗药物，用该药治疗感染性腹泻４５例，与用氟哌酸治疗的对照组比较，结果表明疗效相近，且比后者使用安全。我们认为该药可代替抗生素用于治疗感染性腹泻轻、中型患者，尤其适用于老年、孕妇和儿童。对非感染性腹泻有良好的治疗前景。     

Opitz (BBB/G) syndrome: Oral manifestations

We studied a new case of the G (Opitz BBB/G) syndrome in a 12-year-old boy. Several relatives had partial manifestations of the disorder. A comprehensive dental evaluation of the propositus was conducted; included is, to our knowledge, the first published cephalometric analysis of a G syndrome patient. We reviewed 139 cases of the G syndrome; 48 of them had at least one oral abnormality. These included clefting, micrognathia, ankyloglossia, and high-arched palate. Male G syndrome patients are more likely to have oral anomalies than affected females. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Bioavailability of intramuscularly administered tenoxicam

Bioavailability of intramuscularly administered tenoxicam relative to single oral and relative to intravenous doses was determined in two separate randomized crossover studies. Twelve healthy volunteers (12 males, age 20–30 years) received a rapid intravenous injection and a single intramuscular dose and 12 other subjects (11 males, 1 female, age 21–25 years) a single oral and a single intramuscular dose of 20 mg of tenoxicam on two different occasions. The wash-out period between the two consecutive treatments was 4 weeks. Plasma concentrations after dosing were determined by a specific HPLC method. Differences in tenoxicam concentration-time profiles after the different routes of administration were limited to the first 2 h after dosing. Later, plasma concentrations were almost superimposable within and across the two studies. The extent of absorption of intramuscularly administered tenoxicam was complete (mean ± CV per cent: F_abs 0.99 ± 20 per cent) with no difference between the two extravascular administrations (F_rel 0.95 ± 10 per cent, intramuscular vs oral). After intramuscular administration tenoxicam was more rapidly absorbed compared to the oral dose (T_max 0.71 h ± 80 per cent vs 1.4 h ± 62 per cent; p>0.05). Peak concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration (C_max 2.5 mg 1^?1 ± 19 per cent vs 2.7 mg l^?1 14 per cent; p <0.05) were very similar.     

Formulation and in Vitro-in Vivo Evaluation of Sustained-Release Lithium Carbonate Tablets

The release of lithium carbonate incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate, poly vinyl chloride, hy-drogenated vegetable oil, and carbomer matrix tablets was studied in vitro. The formulation containing 10% carbomer showed a sustained-release profile comparable to that of a standard, commercially available, sustained-release preparation containing 400 mg lithium carbonate embedded in a composite material. In vivo the newly formulated and standard sustained-release lithium carbonate tablets were compared to an oral solution and conventional lithium carbonate tablets in 12 healthy subjects. These crossover studies showed that the sustained-release tablets produced a flatter serum concentration curve than the oral solution and conventional tablet, without loss of total bioavailability.     

Treatment of gingival lichen with free palatal grafts

BACKGROUND: Recalcitrant gingival erythematous lichen planus/lichenoid lesions comprise a considerable therapeutic problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of grafting keratinized oral palatal mucosa to the sites of gingival lichen. METHODS: In 12 patients 20 grafts were transplanted to buccal gingival lesions. Mean age of the patients was 59.8 +/- 7.1 years (range 46-71 years). The mean observation time was 32 +/- 32.7 months (range 5-97 months). RESULTS: On a 4-point clinical grade scale (0-3), 12 (60%) transplants showed complete healing grade 3, six (30%) grade 2 and two (10%) grade 1. CONCLUSIONS: Using oral mucosal grafts from the palatal mucosa for the treatment of recalcitrant erythematous gingival lichen planus/lichenoid lesions seems to be a promising treatment modality.