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181.
182.
P. A. Thürmann C. Sonnenburg-Chatzopoulos R. Lissner 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1995,49(3):237-242
In two independent trials 10 and 12 healthy volunteers received the novel intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations BT 511 and BT 507, respectively. BT 511 contains 5 g human plasma proteins per 100 ml, more than 95% of which are immunoglobulins of the G class (IgG). BT 507 contains in addition 61 IU antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)·ml–1. In trial I volunteers received 4.0 ml/kg (n+4) and 8.0 ml·kg–1 (n+6) BT 511 to study the tolerability and the magnitude of the increase in immunoglobulins in plasma as well as their decline over 1 month. After administration of the lower dose, plasma IgG increased from 10.7 to 14.7 g·l–1 directly after the infusion. Following the 8.0 ml·kg–1 dose a more pronounced increase from 12.4 to 21.2 g·l–1 was observed. No adverse events occurred. After 1 month IgG concentrations had almost reached baseline values at 12.2 g·l–1 in the 4.0 ml·kg–1 group, but were still significantly increased at 15.2 g·l–1 after the high dose. There was a linear correlation between the maximal IgG plasma concentration and the subsequent decline of IgG during the 29-day observation period. After administration of BT 507 maximal anti-HBs concentrations of 1778 mU·ml–1 occurred 1.4 h after termination of the infusion. The terminal elimination half-life was 22.4 days, and total clearance and volume of distribution were determined to be 0.122 ml·min–1 and 5.41, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for anti-HBs as an indicator of IgG were in accordance with the pharmacokinetic behaviour of native IgG. 相似文献
183.
A recent large increase in Caesarean section (CS) in Italy was the initial stimulus for a study to identify risk factors for CS and, if possible, to suggest strategies to counteract the rise. The study was conducted in three hospitals where a wide range of individual variables was collected from the clinical records and from personal interviews. Crude CS rates and odds ratios were evaluated for each single variable while logistic regression has been used to investigate possible confounding factors. The study involved 1316 consecutive deliveries. Crude CS rates were 29.4%, 15.7% and 16.1%. Variables identified as high risk factors were pre-eclampsia, previous CS, breech and other non-vertex presentations. Antenatal care under an obstetrician working in the same hospital, a low number of antenatal consultations, previous miscarriages, offer (by obstetrician) and request (by women) for CS showed significantly high odds ratios (ORs). Previous live births was strongly negatively associated with CS. No relationship between type of delivery and social status was observed while a physician factor was detected in all three hospitals where rates for different physicians ranged from 0% to 52.8%. Apart from the main medical indications for Caesarean section (previous CS, breech presentation), the results seem to indicate that individual practice style may be an important determinant of the wide variation in the rates of Caesarean delivery. While this may have been suspected before this study, these results are the first hard data to indicate that, in Italy, CS is widely performed for non-medical reasons. 相似文献
184.
农村健康保险的精算体系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文提出了我国农村健康保险的精算体系和测算保险费、管理费、储备金、预防保健费、保险因子、增加系数、医药费及其补偿比的实用方法。 相似文献
185.
186.
Summary. Platelet membranes provide procoagulant surfaces for the assembly and expression of the factor X-activating complex and promote the proteolytic activation and assembly of the prothrombinase complex resulting in normal hemostasis. Recent studies from our laboratory and others indicate that platelets possess specific, high-affinity, saturable, receptors for factors XI, XIa, IX, IXa, X, VIII, VIIIa, V, Va and Xa, prothrombin, and thrombin. Studies described in this review support the hypothesis that the factor X-activating complex on the platelet surface consists of three receptors (for the enzyme, factor IXa; the substrate, factor X; and the cofactor, factor VIIIa), the colocalization of which results in a 24 million-fold acceleration of the rate of factor X activation. Whether the procoagulant surface of platelets is defined exclusively by procoagulant phospholipids, or whether specific protein receptors exist for the coagulant factors and proteases, is currently unresolved. The interaction between coagulation proteins and platelets is critical to the maintenance of normal hemostasis and is pathogenetically important in human disease. 相似文献
187.
A panel of synthetic peptides representing human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) B8, other class I and class II restricted T cell epitopes and two B cell epitopes, were all able to compete with recognition of a HLA B8 restricted epitope by a cytotoxic T cell clone. Competition was obtained when the competitor peptides were added either before or after the target epitope. The target epitope also had a slow off rate, implicating allosteric inhibition. The presence of non-specific, allosteric binding sites may interfere with experiments attempting to define immunologically relevant MHC binding specificities. 相似文献
188.
Seishiro Hirano Takako Asami Naomi Kodama Kazuo T. Suzuki 《Archives of toxicology》1994,68(7):444-449
In a preceding study, we reported that the numbers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were increased in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) following the intratracheal instillation of nickel sulfate (NiSO4) in rats. In the present study, BALF chemotactic activities for both macrophages and PMN were measured to investigate if
the increases of these inflammatory cells in BALF depend on increases in chemotactic activities in epithelial lining fluid
(ELF) of the lung. Both the number of PMN and the PMN chemotactic activity peaked at 2 days post-instillation and they were
significantly correlated. However, the PMN chemotactic activity was inversely correlated with concentration of leukotriene
B4 (LTB4), a well-known chemotaxin. Although PMN were not observed in control BALF, LTB4 concentration in the control ELF (ca. 5×10–7 M) was estimated to have a potential to attract PMN chemotactically through a membrane in in vitro migration assay. These
results suggest that the presence of LTB4 in ELF itself does not trigger transpulmonary PMN infiltration. The rat BALF were fractionated by high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), and PMN chemotactic activity of each fraction was measured. The elution profiles of PMN chemotactic
activity showed that there were at least two different chemotaxins in BALF obtained from the NiSO4-exposed rats. Macrophage chemotactic activity in BALF also peaked at 2 days post-instillation. However, the number of macrophages
was not significantly correlated with the chemotactic activity for macrophage in BALF. The HPLC study showed that the macrophage
chemotactic substance in the BALF obtained from NiSO4-exposed rats was different from complement fragment (C5a) and its MW was estimated to be 10 – 12 kD.
Received: 1 December 1993/Accepted: 16 March 1994 相似文献
189.
多重PCR归化法平行检测HBV和HCV的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:建立一种多重PCR归化法并应用于对HBV、HCV平行检测。方法:利用PCR反应5′端允许添加非互补序列的原理,运用内外两对引物,经过2轮扩增,使目的产物均带上共有序列,再以共有序列为引物进行扩增,实现多重扩增。比较和筛选四种核酸提取方法。运用正交优化法,优化并确定最佳扩增条件。对28份血标本进行对比试验,并进行质量评价。结果:归化多重PCR方法对于HBV、HCV病毒合并感染患者的诊断敏感性为83.5%,诊断特异性为70.0%,诊断指数为153.3%,诊断效率为72.2%;对HBsAg阳性患者的HBV DNA的诊断敏感性为78.6%,诊断特异性为80.0%,诊断指数为158.6%,诊断效率为79.2%。对抗-HCV阳性患者的HCV RNA的诊断敏感性为75.0%,诊断特异性为90.0%,诊断指数为165.0%,诊断效率为83.3%。结论:多重PCR归化法在多基因扩增或多种病原体的同时平行检测领域具有较大应用潜力。该方法实用、准确、可靠,对HBV HCV的防治具有实际意义。 相似文献
190.
目的研究托吡酯(TPM)对慢性癫痫大鼠海马碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的影响。方法制作戊四氮(PTZ)慢性癫痫点燃大鼠模型,分为PTZ组、TPM组及正常对照组,每组又以5d、10d、15d3个时间点各分为3小组。免疫组化法观察各组海马CAl、CA3区及齿状回bFGF表达,HE染色观察病理形态学改变。结果(1)行为学观察:PTZ组和TPM组在癫痫发作上无明显差别。(2)bFGF表达:①各组齿状回区bFGF表达:PTZ组和TPM组各时点表达不断增高,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.01),尤以10d及15d时增高更明显,与5d时比较差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.05)。②各组CAl区bFGF表达:PTZ组各时点均有明显表达,且随时间延长而表达不断增高,各时点比较差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.01),与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.01);TPM组在5d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),而10d、15d时逐渐下降,接近正常对照组水平。③各组CA3区bFGF表达:5d时3组比较差异无统计学意义。但PTZ组和TPM组在10d时与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),PTZ组在15d时和TPM组及正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(均P〈0.01)。(3)病理形态学改变:PTZ组和TPM组的海马CAl、CA3区尤其是CAl区可见较多神经元发生变性和坏死,PTZ组更显著。结论PTZ点燃过程中海马bF-GF表达增高,尤其在CAl区,且随时间延长有表达不断增高的趋势。TPM可能通过减少海马神经元损伤而明显下调海马CAl、CA3区bFGF的表达。 相似文献