Outcome of rail fixator system in reconstructing bone gap

Background:

Bone loss following open fracture or infected gap nonunion is a difficult situation to manage. There are many modes of treatment such as bone grafting, vascularized bone grafting and bone transport by illizarov and monolateral fixator. We evaluated the outcome of rail fixator treatment in reconstructing bone and limb function. We felt that due to problems such as heavy apparatus, persistent pain, deformity of joints and discomfort caused by an Ilizarov ring fixator, rail fixator is a good alternative to treat bone gaps.

Materials and Methods:

20 patients (17 males and 3 females with mean age 30.5 years) who suffered bone loss due to open fracture and chronic osteomyelitis leading to infected gap nonunion. Ten patients suffered an open fracture (Gustilo type II and type III) and 10 patients suffered bone gap following excision of necrotic bone after infected nonunion. There were 19 cases of tibia and one case of humerus. All patients were treated with debridement and stabilization of fracture with a rail fixator. Further treatment involved reconstructing bone defect by corticotomy at an appropriate level and distraction by rail fixator.

Result:

We achieved union in all cases. The average bone gap reconstructed was 7.72 cm (range 3.5-15.5 cm) in 9 months (range 6-14 months). Normal range of motion in nearby joint was achieved in 80% cases. We had excellent to good limb function in 85% of cases as per the association for the study and application of the method of ilizarov scoring system[ASAMI] score.

Conclusion:

All patients well tolerated rail fixator with good functional results and gap reconstruction. Easy application of rail fixator and comfortable distraction procedure suggest rail fixator a good alternative for gap reconstruction of limbs.     

Recurrent peripheral embolism following nonunion of the clavicle

Vascular complications in closed clavicular fractures are uncommon, with an incidence of only 0.4%. Subclavian artery injury can present acutely or can have a delayed presentation with arm ischemia. We report the case of an undetected subclavian pseudoaneurysm in a patient with a nonunion fracture clavicle who was referred with persistent ischemia following attempted brachial embolectomy at another center, along with a review of literature to support the hypothesis that in addition to repair of the aneurysm, treatment of the psuedarthrosis by fixation of the clavicle is essential.     

股骨转子下骨折术后不愈合并内固定断裂1例

患者,女,69岁,既往高血压病史,慢性胃溃疡30余年,无糖尿病、冠心病、肝炎等病史。患者于13个月前从约1.5 m高处摔落致右大腿上部疼痛肿胀,伴髋部活动受限,在当地医院行X线检查,诊断为右股骨转子下骨折,AO分型32-A2型(见图1A)。于当地医院行切开复位动力髋螺钉内固定术治疗,术后X线片显示对位对线良好(见图1B)。术后患者能缓慢行走,定期当地门诊复查,见折端骨痂生长,但愈合迟缓,右侧股骨有逐渐内翻趋势。3 d前晨起时突发右侧大腿疼痛肿胀,中段可扪及异物感,行走困难,遂于2017年1月20日至我院门诊就诊。行X线检查提示:右股骨转子下骨折,内固定术后改变,折端部分愈合,股骨上段内固定钢板外移,螺钉断裂(见图1C)。     

Thumb metacarpal vascularized bone graft in long-standing scaphoid nonunion--a useful graft via dorsal or palmar approach: a cohort study of 24 patients

PURPOSE: Long-standing scaphoid nonunion preferentially is treated by using a vascularized bone graft because of its superiority in achieving bone healing. In the present study nonunion was repaired using a bone graft raised from the thumb metacarpal and vascularized by the first dorsal metacarpal artery. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with scaphoid nonunion for longer than 5 years, without ligament injuries and panarthrosis, had surgery. According to the location of the nonunion and presence of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity, surgery was performed by either a dorsal or palmar approach. The patients had a final clinical and radiographic evaluation 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Complete healing was shown in 21 patients but incomplete healing was observed in the remaining 3 patients. After surgery patients had marked pain relief, with an improved range of motion and grasping strength. Anatomic restoration of carpal angles and scaphoid length was observed. None of the patients required additional surgery. Before surgery 15 patients presented radiographic signs of wrist arthrosis. During surgery, however, cartilage erosion on the proximal pole or on the radius articular surface was not confirmed. Despite the presence of radiographic arthrosis, wrist symptoms, motion, and grasping strength improved after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Long-standing scaphoid nonunion, even in the presence of limited arthrosis, can be treated with surgery and healing promoted by a vascularized bone graft. Because of its versatility for use by dorsal or palmar approach and reliability, the first dorsal metacarpal artery vascularized bone graft represents our method of choice.     

Treatment of humeral shaft nonunions: nailing versus plating

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare plating and nailing for treating nonunions of the upper two-thirds of the humerus.Materials and methods Fifty nonunions of the upper two-thirds of the humerus were treated by two different methods: 24 of them by unreamed locked nailing and bone graft (group A), and the other 26 by plate fixation and bone grafting (group B).Results All fractures healed in both groups. In group A, the time required for healing was 4.2 months (range 4–6 months), whereas in group B it was 4.7 months (range 4–6 months). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Functional results and the range of motion of the shoulder and elbow were similar with both techniques. In group B there were 3 cases of transient, iatrogenic, radial nerve palsy.Conclusions We feel that both plate fixation and the unreamed humeral locked nail are good alternatives for the treatment of humeral shaft nonunions, although nailing achieves union earlier and has fewer complications.     

One-stage revision surgery to treat hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding compression screw

Introduction Extracapsular hip infected nonunion after stabilization with a sliding hip screw (SCS) is uncommon and a convincing treatment method has not yet been reported in the literature.Patients and methods Thirteen consecutive patients who sustained such a disability were treated with removal of SCS, local radical debridement, vancomycin powder with or without gentamicin solution application, re-insertion of a new SCS, and autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Postoperatively, ambulation with regulated weight bearing was encouraged as early as possible. Infectious microorganisms in 76% (10/13) of the lesion sites were oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ORSA).Results Twelve patients were followed-up for at least 2 years (range, 2~6 years; median, 4 years) and all nonunions healed. The union rate was 100% (12/12) with a median union period of 4 months (range, 3~6 months). No wound infection recurred at the last follow-up. The satisfactory rate of hip function was 92% (11/12, P<0.001).Conclusions We, therefore, recommend this surgical procedure to treat all patients with a similar disability because of its high success rate and low complication rate.     

难治性股骨干骨不连的显微外科治疗

目的对近5年收治的15例难治性股骨干骨折骨不连进行总结，探讨难治性股骨干骨折骨不连的成因及显微外科治疗方法。方法分别采用带血管髂骨移植治疗13例，带血管腓骨移植治疗2例，其中使用外固定架治疗6例，钢板固定9例。结果15例中均7～15个月达到临床愈合，13例出现膝关节活动障碍，其中9例再次行膝关节松解术。结论带血管的髂骨及腓骨移植作为植入骨，治疗难治性股骨干骨不连效果较好，既有一定强度，又能尽快恢复血运。术中无创操作、尽量少剥离骨膜、采用合理的内固定物及膝关节功能练习是此类手术成功的关键。     

骨折延迟愈合和骨不连接治疗的进展

本文综述了骨折延迟愈合和骨不连接治疗的进展。文中将治疗延迟愈合和骨不连接的方法分为二类,即非手术治疗和手术治疗。简要介绍了非手术治疗的各种方法、原理以及实验研究和临床应用。手术治疗是通过手术达到骨折断端的牢固固定,同时进行骨移植或不加骨移植。固定分为外固定和内固定,一般都主张加压固定;骨移植分为游离骨移植和带血运的骨移植,后者明显优于前者。     

胫骨内固定术后非感染性骨不连的原因分析及治疗

目的观察胫骨内固定术后非感染性骨不连手术与非手术治疗的效果。方法自2006年5月至2012年12月．对29例胫骨内固定术后非感染性骨不连患者采用骨端清理＋髓内钉、钢板、外固定支架固定联合自体植骨手术治疗或金葡液骨折断端注射方法的非手术治疗。结果29例均获随访,随访时间10～24个月,X线片均见骨折愈合。依据采用Johner—Wmh评定标准：优15例,良12例,一般2例。半年内愈合者8例,1年内愈合者18例,大于1年愈合者3例;所有患者均于骨折愈合后取除固定物,恢复正常工作。结论胫骨内固定术后非感染性骨不连可根据其类型选择非手术或手术治疗方式达到满意的治疗效果。     

肱骨干骨折骨不连形成原因分析

目的：探讨肱骨干骨折后骨不连的发生原因。方法：对我院收治的肱骨干骨折骨不连病例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：本组患者骨不连的原因分别为局部血供差、机械性不稳定、骨折断端接触不良、感染、吸烟及全身因素等。16例患者达到骨折临床愈合。结论：肱骨干骨折后骨不连的原因很多,要尽量避免医源性因素导致骨不连发生的情况。在术前必须要明确每例骨不连患者的个体特异性,才能选择正确的手术治疗方式。感染性骨不连骨折愈合时间长,功能效果差,要在临床上尽量避免感染性骨不连的发生。