削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期对合端骨不连的经验

目的探讨削骨痂植骨治疗胫骨骨搬运后期骨不连的疗效和经验。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年6月应用骨搬运技术治疗的胫骨骨缺损患者,选取在骨搬运后期对合端未能顺利愈合的患者22例,行切开手术,清除骨端软组织卡压、清理硬化骨,削取对合端或延长段骨痂回植于胫骨对合端,使对合端最终骨性愈合。结果 22例患者术后获5~18个月(平均8个月)随访,其中18例削痂植骨术后顺利愈合,2例术后发生伤口感染,经清抗感染治疗,最终愈合;1例患者植骨吸收,经历再次植骨后愈合;1例患者途中外固定松动,导致骨折,更改为内固定+植骨,最终愈合;其余21例根据Paley等骨不连愈合评分标准评定结果:优18例,良1例,中1例,差1例,优良率为86.36%。结论胫骨骨搬运后期胫骨骨不连通过非手术方法不能愈合的患者,可尝试削取骨痂植骨的方治疗使对合端愈合。     

Early prediction of tibial and femoral fracture healing: Are we reliable?

IntroductionTo evaluate the ability of orthopaedic trauma subspecialists to predict early bony union in femoral and tibia shaft fractures.Materials and methodsEight orthopaedic trauma subspecialists prospectively predicted the probability of bony union at 6 and 12 weeks post-operatively for an aggregate of 48 femoral and tibial shaft fractures treated at a Level 1 trauma centre. An additional orthopaedic trauma subspecialist was blinded to treating surgeon and adjudicated healing at 18 weeks. The Squared-Error Skill Score (SESS) determined the likelihood of accurate forecasting for bony union.ResultsNine patients were lost follow-up, resulting in 39 fractures (81.25% retention) including 20 femoral and 19 tibial fractures. Fourteen fractures were open, 15 were not-yet united at final follow-up. SESS values were 0.25–0.77. The ability to predict union (sensitivity) was 1.000. The ability to predict nonunions (specificity) was 0.330–0.500. The probability of a correct predicted union was 0.727 and correct predicted nonunion at final follow-up was 1.000. AO/OTA type A fractures pattern predictions were highly accurate. As body mass index increased, predictions trended toward decreased accuracy (p = 0.06). Tobacco use, age, gender, associated injuries, open fractures, and surgeons’ years in clinical practice were not associated with accuracy of predictions.ConclusionsAt 12-weeks post-operatively orthopaedic trauma subspecialists can confidently predict the union state in this patient population. This data is most useful in the nonunion patient, directing early intervention, thereby decreasing patient disability and discomfort.     

Nonvascularized fibular grafting in nonunion of femoral neck fracture: A systematic review

Nonunion of femoral neck fractures following primary fixation and neglected femoral neck fracture in young adults is a challenging task. Every effort should be directed toward hip joint salvage in these patients. Among different available options of hip salvage, nonvascularized fibular graft (NVFG) osteosynthesis is simple, easy to perform, and a successful technique. In this review, the available literature on NVFG in neglected and nonunion femoral neck fractures has been analyzed. After review of 15 articles on NVFG, the average nonunion rate was estimated to be 7.86% (range 0–31%). Six articles that evaluated the preoperative and postoperative osteonecrosis reported improvement in 50% patients. The clinical and/or functional outcome was good to excellent in 56–96% patients following fibular osteosynthesis. Few complications such as coxa vara deformity, limb shortening, and intraarticular penetration of the graft or hardware have been reported. However, there are minimal donor site morbidities such as mild ankle pain, transient loss of toe flexors and extensors and transient lateral popliteal nerve palsy.     

自制抗生素骨水泥髓内钉结合钢板外固定治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的疗效分析

目的分析自制抗生素骨水泥髓内钉结合锁定钢板(LCP)外固定治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的手术技术和临床效果。方法回顾性分析本院自2005-03—2014-07诊治的13例胫骨感染性骨不连。取出内固定、清创、扩髓并置入自制抗生素骨水泥髓内钉,6~12周后改用LCP外固定+自体骨、Wright人工骨混合万古霉素植骨。结果 13例均获得随访13~24个月,平均15.6个月。所有患者感染均得到控制,在拆除抗生素骨水泥髓内钉时细菌培养均为阴性,血常规、红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白正常。受伤至抗生素骨水泥髓内钉置入的时间为8~12个月,平均10.3个月。抗生素骨水泥髓内钉放置时间为6~12周,平均8.3周。骨折最终均愈合,其中1例延迟愈合,LCP外固定后骨折愈合时间平均5.8个月。末次随访时根据Olerud-Molander评分标准评定踝关节功能:优10例,良3例。结论自制抗生素骨水泥髓内钉结合LCP外固定治疗胫骨感染性骨不连简单实用、效果确切,值得推广。     

骨搬运与LCP结合植骨内固定治疗下肢感染性骨不连的比较

目的比较Ilizarov骨搬运技术与锁定加压接骨板(LCP)结合植骨内固定治疗下肢感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-07—2015-04诊治的感染性骨不连22例,首先给予清创、VSD负压吸引及抗生素链珠置入控制感染,待感染控制良好后,进行Ilizarov骨搬运技术(骨搬运组11例)或LCP结合植骨内固定(LCP组11例)治疗。比较2组术中失血量、手术次数、感染控制率、住院时间、术后至开始部分负重时间及末次随访时AAOS评分。结果所有患者均获得随访3~35个月,平均24.2个月。末次随访时骨搬运组4例完全愈合恢复,7例感染消除,骨搬运已结束,处于骨愈合期;1例发生针道感染,常规换药加抗生素治愈。LCP组8例已完全恢复,3例出现感染,再次行手术治疗。与LCP组比较,骨搬运组术中失血量及手术次数较少,感染控制率更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组住院时间、术后至开始部分负重时间、AAOS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Ilizarov骨搬运技术治疗下肢感染性骨不连的感染控制率高,且能够有效保护软组织,促进其恢复,为肢体恢复长度提供保障。     

骨不连的研究现状及展望

骨不连是骨折患者常见的晚期并发症,治疗比较困难。作者对骨不连的诱因以及发病机制、治疗的相关研究现状,特别是对骨不连非手术疗法的进展等进行综述。     

带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合

目的探讨带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的疗效。方法对 2 1例肱骨干陈旧骨折采用带锁髓内钉治疗 ,并分析术后 1年以上的疗效。结果经带锁髓内钉治疗后 ,本组病例的骨折全部达到愈合。结论带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合效果良好。     

Downregulation of regulatory T cell function in patients with delayed fracture healing

Bone fracture healing is a multistage regenerative process that requires the collaboration of various cell types, with approximately 5%‐10% of fractures not healing properly. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulations in the immune system are associated with defective healing. In a cohort of 30 bone fracture patients between 50 and 62 years of age, 8 patients displayed delayed healing. Compared to the 22 normal healing patients, these 8 delayed healing patients presented significantly lower frequencies of CD4⁺CD25^hiFoxp3⁺ canonical regulatory T cells immediately following bone fracture and early on during the healing process. The CD4⁺CD25^+/hi T cells from delayed healing patients also presented reduced capacity to express transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), and presented reduced surface expression levels of inhibitory molecules, including CTLA‐4 and Lag‐3, compared to CD4⁺CD25^+/hi T cells from normal healing patients. Moreover, CD4⁺CD25^+/hi T cells from delayed healing patients were less potent in the suppression of CD4⁺CD25^? autologous conventional T cell proliferation, and presented reduced expansion capacity in response to interleukin (IL)‐2 stimulation. Overall, our results demonstrated multiple reductions in regulatory T cell function in delayed healing patients that could produce long‐lasting consequences in the bone fracture healing process.