Evolution, antimicrobial susceptibility and assignment to international clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated over a 9-year period in two Spanish hospitals

Antimicrobial resistance profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphism of the coagulase gene and repetitive element sequence-based PCR were used to classify 210 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered between 1997 and 2005 in two hospitals in Vigo, north-west Spain. Representative isolates belonging to the epidemic clones were analysed by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing, and the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC)mec type was determined for all isolates. The New York/Japan clone (t002-ST5-II) was detected in Spain for the first time. However, the New York/Japan and the Brazilian (t037-ST239-IIIA) clones were replaced by EMRSA-16 (t018-ST36-II), which at present is the predominant clone.     

Extraction of organic acids by ion-pair extraction with tri-n-octylamine - VIII. Identification of synthetic dyes in pharmaceutical preparations

Synthetic dyes were extracted from syrups, oral suspensions, tablets, gelatin capsules, suppositories and granules by ion-pair formation with tri-n-octylamine (TnOA) and back-extracted with perchlorate ions. Identification was performed by TLC on cellulose layers and by reversed phase ion-pair HPLC.     

Model identification and estimation of organ-function parameters using radioactive tracers and the impulse-response function

Examination of the input-output events in functioning organs by the use of the impulse-response function (IRF) for a radioactive tracer is gaining more and more ground in nuclear medicine. This study summarizes the development of deconvolution analysis, laying special stress on the model-free approach. System linearity and time invariance are discussed, and means of eliminating noise in IRFs originating from the input and organ-time-activity curves are outlined. Typical IRFs are illustrated by flow diagrams, time-domain curves, and their representation by Laplace transforms. The cases of nondiffusible and diffusible tracers as well as parenchymally extracted and transported substances are discussed. Methods for the derivation of models and for the calculation of physiologically important parameters from theIRFs are suggested.At present, a guest scientist at the Institute for Medicine, Nuclear Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Federal Republic of Germany     

基于转录组数据的半夏AP2/ERF基因家族鉴定及逆境响应分析

目的：鉴定并研究半夏AP2/ERF转录因子的功能,为推进半夏品种的遗传改良提供理论依据。方法：该文基于半夏三代转录组数据鉴定了半夏中AP2/ERF家族成员,并对其进行系统的生物信息学分析,同时利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测半夏AP2/ERF在不同组织及不同胁迫条件下的表达情况。结果：通过转录组数据共筛选出8个全长AP2/ERF转录因子家族成员,归为AP2、ERF和DREB 3个亚家族;半夏AP2/ERF的氨基酸数目为251～512个,等电点为5.29～11.72,不稳定指数为45.90～82.41,且主要定位于细胞核中;半夏AP2/ERF基因的结构域和Motifs相对保守。组织特异性表达模式分析显示,半夏AP2/ERF基因在不同组织部位中具有不同的表达模式,且主要在叶中表达。逆境胁迫应答分析表明,PtERF1主要响应NaCl的胁迫诱导;PtERF2和PtERF4在低温和聚乙二醇（PEG）胁迫下表达量均有较大幅度的上调;PtERF3同时响应低温和NaCl两种逆境的诱导;PtERF5同时响应高温、低温、NaCl、PEG胁迫诱导;PtERF7在高温胁迫下表达...     

电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性分析

目的：探讨电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性。方法：收集134批白及及其近似饮片（白及45批、天麻30批、玉竹30批、黄花白及29批）作为待测样品,使用PEN3型电子鼻采集样品嗅觉感官数据作为自变量X,基于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和地方标准的鉴别结果,以及各饮片高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱和原始采购信息,获得辨识模型的标杆数据Y,分别采用主成分分析-判别分析（PCA-DA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（PLS-DA）、最小二乘法-支持向量机（LS-SVM）及K-最近邻（KNN）4种化学计量学方法建立45批白及与89批非白及的二分类辨识模型和上述4种饮片的四分类辨识模型Y=F(X)。结果：经留一法交互验证,在二分类辨识中,上述4种模型分类正判率分别为97.01%、97.01%、98.51%和97.01%;在四分类辨识中,这4种模型分类正判率分别为97.76%、89.55%、98.51%和97.01%。二分类和四分类辨识模型的最高正判率均可达到98.51%,且均以LS-SVM算法为最优,最优核函数分别选择径向基核函数和线性核函数。最优模型判别结果良好,没有未分类样...     

Self-Reported Frailty Screening Tools: Comparing Construct Validity of the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire and FRAIL

ObjectivesWe examined the construct validity of 2 self-reported frailty questionnaires, the Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire (FPQ) and FRAIL, against the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty phenotype (CHS-FP).DesignCross-sectional data analysis of longitudinal prospective cohort study.Settings and ParticipantsWe included data from 230 older adults (mean age: 67.2 ± 7.4 years) from the “Longitudinal Assessment of Biomarkers for characterization of early Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenic Obesity in predicting frailty and functional decline in community-dwelling Asian older adults Study” (GeriLABS 2) recruited between December 2017 and March 2019.MethodsWe compared area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), agreement, correlation, and predictive validity against outcome measures [Short Physical Performance Battery, 5 times repeat chair stand (RCS-5), Frenchay activities index, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, life-space assessment, Social Functioning Scale 8 (SFS-8), EuroQol-5 dimensions (utility value)] using logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and vascular risk factors. We examined concurrent validity across robust versus prefrail/frail for inflammatory blood biomarkers [tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry body composition [bone mineral density (BMD); appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI)].ResultsPrevalence of prefrail/frail was 25.7%, 14.8%, and 48.3% for FPQ, FRAIL, and CHS-FP, respectively. Compared with FRAIL, FPQ had better diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.617 vs 0.531, P = .002; sensitivity = 37.8% vs 18.0%; specificity = 85.6% vs 88.2%) and agreement (AC1-Stat = 0.303 vs 0.197). FPQ showed good predictive validity [RCS-5: odds ratio (OR) 2.38; 95% CI: 1.17–4.86; International Physical Activity Questionnaire: OR 3.62; 95% CI:1.78–7.34; SFS-8: OR 2.11; 95% CI: 1.64–5.89 vs FRAIL: all P > .05]. Only FRAIL showed concurrent validity for CRP, compared with both FPQ and FRAIL for TNF-R1. FRAIL showed better concurrent validity for BMD, FMI, and possibly ALMI, unlike FPQ (all P > .05).Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results support complementary validity of FPQ and FRAIL in independent community-dwelling older adults. FPQ has increased case detection sensitivity with good predictive validity, whereas FRAIL demonstrates concurrent validity for inflammation and body composition. With better diagnostic performance and validity for blood biomarkers and clinical outcomes, FPQ has utility for early frailty detection in the community setting.     

促细菌快速生长繁殖因子的研究

目的 通过对促细菌快速生长繁殖因子即细菌培养基成分进行科学配比研究,促使细菌能快速生长繁殖,并在同一体系内同时对细菌进行鉴定防止耐药菌株泛滥作了初步探讨^[1,2]。方法 采用V型板体系内培养,并同时进行鉴定和药敏试验。结果 细菌鉴定报告时间缩短至4～8小时,与常规方法对比其中标准菌株符合率为100%,临床分离株符合率为98%。结论 初步建立了细菌检验的快速常规程序,使临床细菌学检验更好的为临床提供正确,及时的诊断依据。     

蒙药材夏至草的生药鉴定

目的:研究蒙药材夏至草的生药鉴定特征,方法,应用来源,性状,显微及薄层鉴别方法.结果:蒙药材夏至草为唇形科植物夏至草Lagopsis supina(Steph),Ik-Gal ex Knorr,的合草,详细描述了其生药鉴别特征.结论:实验结果为鉴别`开发利用该药材提供了鉴定依据.     

基于ITS2序列的翻白草与委陵菜分子鉴定

目的 应用DNA条形码技术对翻白草及易混品委陵菜进行分子鉴定,保障药材质量和临床用药安全。方法 提取翻白草及委陵菜的基因组DNA,扩增内转录间隔区2（ITS2）序列并双向测序,所得序列用SeqMan软件校对、拼接;在线双序列比对翻白草对照药材（F_R）及委陵菜对照药材（W_R）的ITS2序列,并预测其二级结构;从GenBank下载部分相关序列,运用MEGA X软件进行多序列比对,分析序列变异位点,计算种内、种间遗传距离,采用邻接法（NJ）构建系统进化树。结果 所有样品均成功扩增出ITS2序列,翻白草和委陵菜的ITS2序列长度均为210 bp。双序列比对结果表明,F_R与W_R的ITS2序列相似性为92.9%,二级结构存在明显差异。多序列分析结果表明,翻白草ITS2序列平均鸟嘌呤（G）+胞嘧啶（C）占比为63.0%,存在2个变异位点,种内遗传距离为0~0.009 6;委陵菜ITS2序列平均G+C占比为64.4%,存在5个变异位点,种内遗传距离为0~0.019 3;种间遗传距离为0.054 8~0.075 8。NJ树结果显示,翻白草、委陵菜聚为不同分支,可明显区分。结论 利用ITS2序列可以准确鉴别翻白草与委陵菜,为保障其安全用药提供了新的技术手段。     

便携式近红外光谱仪用于东阿阿胶鉴定及特征波长筛选研究

目的 采用便携式近红外(near infrared,NIR)光谱仪建立东阿阿胶鉴别分析模型,并优选出特征波段。方法 采用BWS903型NIR光谱仪和microPHAZIR^TMRX型NIR光谱仪2款便携式光谱仪采集了47份阿胶样品的光谱,并采用软独立建模聚类分析(soft independent modeling class analog,SIMCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)等化学计量学算法,建立了东阿阿胶的判别分析模型。结果 所建立模型能够准确区分东阿阿胶和其他品牌阿胶。在此基础上,采用相关系数法优选出BWS903光谱特征波长为1300～1380 nm和1460～1540 nm;microPHAZIR^TMRX光谱特征波长为1600～1680 nm和2160～2240 nm,上述波段分别代表-NH₂和-CONHR肽键的1级倍频吸收,这些波段可作为东阿阿胶的特征波段,并可据此设计专用型、小型化的NIR光谱仪,用于东阿阿胶的品牌...