Line-up Member Similarity Influences the Effectiveness of a Salient Rejection Option for Eyewitnesses

Visually salient line-up rejection options have not been systematically studied with adult eyewitnesses. We explored the impact of using a non-verbal, salient rejection option on adults' identification accuracy for line-ups containing low- or high-similarity fillers. The non-verbal, salient rejection option had minimal impact on accuracy in low-similarity line-ups, but in high-similarity line-ups its inclusion increased correct rejections for target-absent line-ups as well as incorrect rejections in target-present line-ups, relative to a verbal rejection condition. The improved performance in target-absent line-ups suggests that adults, like children, may experience pressure to choose and guess during difficult tasks. This pressure is reduced when a prominent non-verbal rejection option is displayed in the line-up. However, the salient rejection option also appears to increase the attractiveness of avoiding a difficult choice between the target and highly similar fillers. Implications of these findings for the experimental literature and justice system are discussed.     

Your fate is in your hands? Handedness,digit ratio (2D:4D), and selection to a national talent development system

Over the past decade a small evidence base has highlighted the potential importance of seemingly innocuous variables related to one's hands, such as hand dominance and the relative length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D ratio), to success in sport. This study compared 2D:4D digit ratio and handedness among handball players selected to advance in a national talent development system with those not selected. Participants included 480 youth handball players (240 females and 240 males) being considered as part of the talent selection programme for the German Youth National team. Hand dominance and digit ratio were compared to age-matched control data using standard t-tests. There was a greater proportion of left-handers compared to the normal population in males but not in females. There was also a lower digit ratio in both females and males. However, there were no differences between those selected for the next stage of talent development and those not selected on either handedness or digit ratio. These results add support for general effects for both digit ratio and handedness in elite handball; however, these factors seem inadequate to explain talent selection decisions at this level.     

Predominant bacterial species in subgingival plaque in dogs

Dahlén G, Charalampakis G, Abrahamsson I, Bengtsson L, Falsen E. Predominant bacterial species in subgingival plaque in dogs. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 354–364. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: The dog has been used extensively for experimental and microbiological studies on periodontitis and peri‐implantitis without detailed knowledge about the predominant flora of the subgingival plaque. This study was designed to evaluate the predominant cultivable bacterial species in dogs and compare them phenotypically and genotypically with corresponding human species. Material and Methods: Four subgingival samples were taken from two upper premolars in each of six Labrador retrievers. The samples from each dog were processed for anaerobic culture. From the samples of each dog, the five or six predominating bacteria based on colony morphology were selected and pure cultured. Each of the strains was characterized by Gram stain, anaerobic/aerobic growth and API‐ZYM test. Eighteen strains showing clear‐cut phenotypic differences were further classified based on DNA sequencing technology. Cross‐reactions of DNA probes from human and dog strains were also tested against a panel of both human and dog bacterial species. Results: Thirty‐one strains in the dogs were isolated and characterized. They represented 21 different species, of which six belonged to the genus Porphyromonas. No species was found consistently in the predominant flora of all six dogs. Porphyromonas crevioricanis and Fusobacterium canifelinum were the two most prevalent species in predominant flora in dogs. DNA probes from human and dog species cross‐reacted to some extent with related strains from humans and dogs; however, distinct exceptions were found. Conclusion: The predominant cultural subgingival flora in dogs shows great similarities with the subgingival bacteria from humans at the genus level, but distinct differences at the species level; however, a genetic relatedness could be disclosed for most strains investigated.     

“The Shoop Shoop Song”

In this paper I describe how I integrate the interpersonal psychoanalytic idea of transference–countertransference with the systems idea of couple's fit. I define the two constructs as I use them, including a redefinition of couple's fit. The redefinition includes both the similarity of a couple's fears and the complementarity of the partners' styles of coping with those fears. I also contrast this integrative approach with that of projective identification. Finally, I describe a countertransference enactment with a couple to show that discussing such enactments can offer great therapeutic leverage. After the discussion, the therapist may find the connections between how the two people in the couple relate to each other and how the therapist and couple related. Clinical vignettes illustrate these ideas.     

Psychoanalytic Engagement

My effort here is to try to clarify some of the historical and also political bases for the ways “relational” and “interpersonal” intersect and overlap and how they diverge, and some of the issues involved. I describe also how I locate my own conception of working at the “intimate edge” in historical context in this framework, and why I believe that a recognition of the intersubjective nature of the analytic field requires a radical reconceptualization of how we think about the analytic process, the data of analysis, the analyst's role in the process, and the nature of therapeutic action.     

Synthesis of imatinib,a tyrosine kinase inhibitor,labeled with carbon-14

Imatinib (Gleevec) is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that decreases the activity of the fusion oncogene called BCR-ABL (breakpoint cluster region protein-Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog) and is clinically used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Small molecule drugs, such as imatinib, can bind to several cellular proteins including the target proteins in the cells, inducing undesirable effects along with the effects against the disease. In this study, we report the synthetic optimization for ¹⁴C-labeling and radiosynthesis of [¹⁴C]imatinib to analyze binding with cellular proteins using accelerator mass spectroscopy. ¹⁴C-labeling of imatinib was performed by the synthesis of ¹⁴C-labeld 2-aminopyrimidine intermediate using [¹⁴C]guanidine·HCl, which includes an in situ reduction of an inseparable byproduct for easy purification by HPLC, followed by a cross-coupling reaction with aryl bromide precursor. The radiosynthesis of [¹⁴C]imatinib (specific activity, 631 MBq/mmol; radiochemical purity, 99.6%) was achieved in six steps with a total chemical yield of 29.2%.     

复合PCR鉴别葡萄球菌及其多重耐药基因

目的　建立既可鉴别金黄色葡萄球菌又可同时检测其耐药基因的分子诊断方法。方法　对应于femB、mecA、ileS基因的 3对引物与快速提取的单菌落模板DNA进行单管同步扩增 ,电泳观察PCR片段 ;mecA、ileS耐药基因扩增结果分别与苯唑西林、莫匹罗星药敏试验对比 ,分析菌株的耐药性。结果　检测femB基因可快速特异性地筛选出金黄色葡萄球菌 ,mecA基因的检出与常规药敏试验鉴定耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (MRS)的结果基本一致 ,而拥有ileS基因的全部葡萄球菌分离株对莫匹罗星耐药。结论　复合PCR可快速敏感地从葡萄球菌中区分金黄色葡萄菌 ,并同时检出MRSA和耐莫匹罗星的多重耐药菌株。     

返魂草药材的鉴别研究现状

目的：返魂草为我国长白山地区的一种特色药材资源,为保证其质量,为该药材的鉴定提供理论依据。方法查阅总结文献资料,对返魂草药材的鉴别进行综述。结果为返魂草药材提供了来源鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定方法。结论阐述了返魂草药材的鉴定研究现状。     

600例肺炎支原体感染咽拭子培养结果的分析

目的 探讨肺炎支原体（MP）快速鉴定培养基在肺炎支原体感染鉴定中的临床价值.方法 采用肺炎支原体快速鉴定培养基对600例急性呼吸道感染患者的咽拭子标本进行肺炎支原体培养,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 600例急性呼吸道感染患者的咽拭子标本肺炎支原体培养阳性148例,总阳性率为24.7％;男性阳性例数为76例,阳性率为25.3％,女性阳性例数为72例,阳性率为24.0％,男、女阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在各年龄组中,0～15岁组、16～35岁组、36 ～70岁组阳性例数分别为123例、16例、9例,阳性率分别为61.5％、8.0％、5.0％;0～15岁组阳性率与16～35岁组、36～70岁组组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,16～35岁组与36～70岁组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 肺炎支原体快速鉴定培养基检测结果准确、简便、快速,尤其对0～15岁患者检出阳性率高,可作为一般实验室诊断肺炎支原体感染的首选试验.     

Historical continuity in the methodology of modern medical science: Leonardo leads the way

Early modern medical science did not arise ex nihilo, but was the culmination of a long history stretching back through the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, Byzantium and Roman times, into Greek Antiquity. The long interval between Aristotle and Galen and Harvey and Descartes was punctuated by outstanding visionaries, including Leonardo, the ultimate Renaissance man. His attitude and mindset were based on Aristotelian pursuit of empirical fact and rational thought. He declared himself to be a “man without letters” to underscore his disdain for those whose culture was only mnemonics and philosophical inferences from authoritative books. Leonardo read the Book of Nature with the immense curiosity of the pioneering scientist, ushering in the methodology of modern medical science with help from forerunners. He left no publications, but extensive personal Notebooks: on his scientific research, hydrodynamics, physiological anatomy, etc. Apparently, numerous successors availed themselves of his methodologies and insights, albeit without attribution. In his Notebooks, disordered and fragmentary, Leonardo manifests the exactitude of the engineer and scientist, the spontaneous freshness of one speaking of what he has at heart and that he knows well. His style is unrefined, but intensely personal, rich with emotion and, sometimes, poetic. Leonardo, the visionary anatomist, strived consistently not merely to imitate nature by depicting body structures, but to perceive through analysis and simulations the intimate physiologic processes; i.e., the biomechanics underlying the workings of all bodily organs and components, even the mysterious beating heart. It is fitting to regard him as the first modern medical scientist.