Effects of in vivo antioxidant enzyme activities of myrtle oil in normoglycaemic and alloxan diabetic rabbits

In this study we aimed to evaluate the in vivo effects of myrtle oil (myrtii oleum) on the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, the levels of malondialdehyde in liver tissues as an index of lipid peroxidation and nitrite–nitrate levels in normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic and MO-treated rabbits. In our previous study, we assumed that MO with a dose of 50 mg/kg, possesses a hypoglycemic activity and this activity was independent from the effects of insulin. Myrtle oil exerts its hypoglycemic activity by enhanced glycolysis, glycogenesis and decreased glycogenolysis. What is more glucose load data strongly suggest that MO treatment produces hypoglycemia mainly by reducing intestinal absorption of glucose, so MO could be an -glycosidase enzyme inhibitor which had a hypoglycaemic effect only on alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits on the fourth hour and on orally glucose loaded group. The major finding of this new study is that, MO may not offer any protection against oxidative stress during acute studies in normoglycemic and diabetic groups. Although the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities did not change during acute studies in diabetes + MO group, there was a significant change at the end of 21 days. There is a very limited knowledge about MO and its effects on diabetes. Therefore, we tried to explain the mechanism that might underlie the protective effects of MO with this paper.     

Chemical closure of chronic tympanic membrane perforations

BACKGROUND: The purposes of closing chronic dry perforations of the tympanic membrane are to improve hearing and prevent middle ear infections. Before the use of the operating microscope and improved instrumentation, tympanic membrane perforations were closed by application of chemicals or with a temporary patch. Today, although surgery is the treatment of choice, small dry perforations may be successfully closed by chemical means in an office setting. METHODS: Twenty-eight of the 69 patients with chronic dry tympanic membrane perforations on the surgical waiting list at Hawke's Bay Regional Hospital, Hastings, New Zealand, underwent attempts at chemical myringoplasty. Two techniques were used: (i) cautery of the rim of the perforation with a silver nitrate bead on a metal probe and (ii) application of a urea ointment patch covering and overlapping the perforation. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 28 patients (64%) treated by chemical means experienced closure of their tympanic membrane perforations. Successful closure was achieved in 26% of the patients on the waiting list during the 6-month period. CONCLUSION: Chemical myringoplasty is not only of historical interest. It is an effective means of tympanic membrane closure in selected patients, thereby reducing the surgical waiting list and saving time and money for the patient, surgeon and hospital.     

腹股沟区淋巴静脉分流加硝酸银肾盂灌注治疗乳糜尿的临床疗效

目的 探讨腹股沟区淋巴静脉分流加硝酸银肾盂灌注治疗乳糜尿的疗效。方法 采用2％硝酸银肾盂灌注加同侧腹股沟区淋巴结与大隐静脉主干吻合方法治疗乳糜尿患者28例。其中男16例，女12例，年龄41～68岁，平均46岁。病史6个月～30年，平均3．6年。乳糜尿来自左肾14例，右肾12例，双肾2例。结果 术后3d内尿乳糜试验转阴者8例，7d转阴者17例，11d转阴者3例。27例随访3～12年，复发3例，复发率11％。结论 腹股沟区淋巴静脉分流加硝酸银肾盂灌注是治疗乳糜尿简单、安全、有效的方法，适宜于基层医院开展。     

Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Noncomplicated and Complicated Hypertension

Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Other risk factors of atherosclerosis also affect its development. The aim of the study was to assess nitric oxide metabolites concentration (nitrites and nitrates No_x) and endothelin (ET-1) in plasma and cyclic 3,5-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in 24 h-urine collection in patients with noncomplicated hypertension without risk factors of atherosclerosis and in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Sixty-eight subjects were included in the study (44 men, 24 women), aged 47 ± 76 years, allotted into four groups: I – controls (18 clinically healthy subjects); II – 12 subjects with hypertension without risk factors of atherosclerosis; III – 16 subjects with hypertension and risk factors of atherosclerosis; and IV – 22 subjects with hypertension and CAD. Plasma NO_x concentration was determined using the Greiss method, plasma ET-1 by ELISA, and urine cGMP using the immunoenzymatic method. Plasma NO_x concentration was 14.00 ± 6.88 μmol/L in group I, in group II – 18.62 ± 5.84 μmol, in group III – 9.96 ± 4.72 μmol/L, and in group IV – 8.78 ± 3.72 μmol/L. Statistically significant differences were between groups I and III (p < 0.05) and I and IV (p < 0.04) and groups II and III (p < 0.01) and II and IV (p < 0.01). The concentration of cGMP in 24 h urine collection was in group I – 40 ± 24 pmol/L; in group II – 54 ± 41 pmol/L; in group III – 38 ± 32 pmol/L; and in group IV – 42 ± 36 pmol/L. There were no significant differences between the groups. Plasma ET-1 concentration was 3.86 ± 0.52 pg/mL in group I, in group II – 4.05 ± 0.71 pg/mL, in group III – 4.22 ± 0.79 pg/mL and in group IV – 4.38 ± 0.75 pg/mL. Statistically significant differences were between group I and III (p < 0.05), I and IV (p < 0.03), and between group II and IV (p < 0.04). Endothelial dysfunction was not found in hypertensive patients without a family history of cardiovascular diseases and without other risk factors of atherosclerosis. Deterioration of endothelial function was observed in patients with hypertension with risk factors of atherosclerosis. It was most pronounced in those with CAD.     

涂剂中苯甲酸和硝酸咪康唑含量的薄层色谱扫描测定法

本文建立了苯甲酸咪康唑剂涂剂的薄层色谱扫描测定法。点样后的硅胶GF_(254)薄层板,经正已烷—氯仿—甲醇—二乙胺(42:21:13:5)混合溶剂上行展开后,反射锯齿扫描测定,λ=220um,SX=3,外标一点法定量计算。苯甲酸和硝酸咪康唑测定的线性范围分别2～6μg和12～36μg,方法准确、简便。     

慢性硝酸镧染毒大鼠肝脏中镧沉积的研究

目的　探讨低剂量硝酸镧 [La(NO3) 3]的慢性毒性及镧在大鼠肝脏中的沉积情况。方法　连续用 0 1、0 2、2 0、10 0和 2 0 0mg kg的La(NO3) 3给大鼠灌胃 6个月后 ,应用透射电镜技术 (TEM)、X射线微区分析 (XMA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP MS)研究镧在大鼠肝脏中的沉积。结果　 2 0 0mg kgLa(NO3) 3组肝细胞内电子密度高的致密体较多 ,大鼠肝脏中镧的含量 ( 3 890ng g蛋白 )与对照组 ( 3 0ng g蛋白 )相比 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　镧可进入到肝细胞内 ,并在动物肝脏中的沉积     

济宁市售蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量分析

对济宁市售８类２７种蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量的测定的结果表明：不同种类的蔬菜中硝酸盐的含量差别很大（１４０．６～２７６２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），亚硝酸盐的含量在新鲜蔬菜中很低，（０．２０～２．８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）     

泰安市售蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的测定

<正> 蔬菜是易于富集硝酸盐的作物之一。White指出,人体摄取的硝酸盐81.2％来自蔬菜。Tremp认为,人体约有70％的硝酸盐是从蔬菜中摄取的。尽管硝酸盐本身对人体不具毒害性或毒害性较低,但它一旦被还原成亚硝酸盐之后,就有了潜在危险性。一方面亚硝酸盐易引起高铁血红蛋白症;另一方面它在适合的pH环境中,若有仲胺存在,就有可能发生     

Modifications of inflammatory pathways in rat intestine following chronic ingestion of depleted uranium.

The environmental contamination by dispersion of depleted uranium (DU) might result in its chronic ingestion of DU by local populations. The aim of this study was to determine if chronic ingestion of DU at low doses induces inflammatory reactions in intestine, first biological system exposed to uranium after ingestion. Experiments were performed with rats receiving uranium in drinking water (40 mg/l) during 3, 6, or 9 months. Several parameters referring to prostaglandin, histamine, cytokine, and nitric oxide (NO) pathways were assessed in ileum. Concerning the prostaglandin pathway, a twofold increase in gene expression of cyclooxygenase of type 2 was noted after 6 months, with no changes in prostaglandins levels. At the same time, a decrease in mast cell number was observed without any changes in histamine levels. Experiments on cytokines showed increased gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-10 at 6 months, and decreased messenger RNA level of CCL-2. This change was associated with decreased macrophage density. An opposite effect of DU was induced on neutrophils, since increased number was observed at 3 (x1.7) and 9 months (x3). The results obtained on NO pathway seemed to indicate that DU exposure inhibited this pathway (decreased endothelial NO synthase messenger RNA, inductive NO synthase activity and NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) levels) at 6 months. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that chronic ingestion of DU-induced time-dependent modifications of inflammatory pathways, notably in terms of immune cell content. The ultimate effects of DU contamination might be pathogenic by suppressing defense mechanisms or inducing hypersensitivity. Further experiments should be thus performed to determine real consequences on intestinal response to oral antigens.     

氟康唑联合咪康唑栓治疗念珠菌性阴道炎临床分析

目的：观察氟康唑联合咪康唑栓治疗念珠菌性阴道炎（假丝酵母菌病）的临床疗效。方法：100例念珠菌性阴道炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。治疗组患者口服氟康唑及阴道应用咪康唑栓,对照组患者单纯口服氟康唑;观察两组患者的临床疗效及真菌清除率。结果：治疗组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为94.00%和86.00%、真菌清除率分别为98%和92%,两组治疗有效率和真菌清除率比较差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：氟康唑联合咪康唑栓治疗念珠菌性阴道炎疗效好、安全性高、耐受性好。