A Technique for Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Newborn Rat Pups

ABSTRACT

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential to aid tissue regeneration. Intravenous (IV) MSC administration is currently being assessed following tissue injury. However, few studies have been performed to establish a safe and effective method of IV MSC infusion for newborns. We have established a safe, nontraumatic and effective technique for systemic MSC transplantation in newborn rats. Yellow-fluorescent-protein (YFP)-labeled MSC were characterized using MSC markers and their differentiation potential was confirmed. Rat pups were delivered by C-section on gestational day 21. The umbilical vein (UV) was cannulated and used for IV injection of MSC or saline control, which was performed under ultrasonographic imaging. An additional control group consisted of UV MSC injection in adult mice. Mean operating time, success rate of cannulation and death rate were recorded. YFP-MSC quantification in multiple organs was performed. Mean operating time was 3.9 ± 1.1 min. The success of UV MSC injection was 92.8%. The immediate and 24 hr delayed death rate for rat pups was significantly lower than that of adult mice (p < .05). No pups receiving saline injection died. After locating the patent foramen ovale (PFO) of newborn pups by ultrasonographic imaging, extra pulse-waves and wave-shape changes were detected when MSC were injected. The number of YFP-MSC was 15.8 ± 4.1 cells per visual field (CPVF) in the lungs, 2.9 ± 1.2 CPVF in the heart, and 19.8 ± 5.0 CPVF in the intestines. We conclude that IV MSC infusion through the UV is a convenient, safe, and effective method for systemic MSC transplantation in prematurely delivered newborn rats.     

Behavior Change Following Implementation of Home‐Based Life‐Saving Skills in Liberia,West Africa

Introduction: Home‐Based Life‐Saving Skills (HBLSS) has been fully integrated into Liberia's long‐term plan to decrease maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity, coordinated through the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. The objective of this article is to disseminate evaluation data from project monitoring and documentation on translation of knowledge and skills obtained through HBLSS into behavior change at the community level. Methods: One year after completion of HBLSS training, complication audits were conducted with 434 postpartum women in 1 rural county in Liberia. Results: Sixty‐two percent (n = 269) of the women were attended during birth by an HBLSS‐trained traditional midwife or family member, while 38% (n = 165) were attended by a traditional midwife or family member who did not receive HBLSS training. Home‐Based Life‐Saving Skills–trained birth attendants performed significantly more first actions (life‐saving actions taught to be performed after every birth) than the attendants not HBLSS trained. Fourteen percent of our sample (n = 62) reported too much bleeding following the birth. Of these women, approximately half (n = 29) were attended by an HBLSS‐trained traditional midwife or family member. There was a significant difference in secondary actions (those actions taught to be performed when a woman experiences too much bleeding following childbirth) that were reported to have been performed by HBLSS‐trained attendants (mean 5.26, standard deviation [SD] 1.88) and untrained attendants (mean 2.73, SD 1.97; P < .0001). Discussion: Our findings suggest that HBLSS knowledge is being transferred into behavior change and used at the community level by traditional midwives and family members.     

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype frequency in the oral mucosa of newborns in Milan,Italy

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cutaneous and mucosal infections in both adults and children. In order to evaluate HPV prevalence and the spectrum of genotypes in the oral cavity of paediatric subjects, a retrospective study was carried out on oral-pharyngeal swabs collected from 177 newborns aged 0–6 months. HPV-DNA was detected by a nested-PCR; the viral typing was made through DNA sequencing. HPV infection was identified in 25 subjects (14.1%) and the sequence analysis showed eight distinct genotypes. These data confirm HPV detection in newborn oral mucosa. Further investigations are needed to clarify the methods of HPV acquisition.     

贵州农村新生儿溶血症群体技术干预效果示范研究

目的:探索贵州农村新生儿溶血症群体干预的有效策略和方法。方法:采用人群预防实验研究方法,在干预县建立示范区,引入新生儿溶血症干预技术进行一年的现场干预。通过对实验区和对照区地区间及干预前后的结果比较,了解新生儿溶血症干预的实施效果。结果:研究共纳入15 795名计划怀孕或已孕妇女作为研究对象,开展新生儿溶血症干预研究,其中干预组8 216人,对照组7 579人;开展血型筛查7 762人,筛查率94.47%;发现高危夫妇659对,其中怀孕615人;开展高危对象孕期B超监测603人,监测率98.05%;高危孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价92例;产后访视高危对象615名,访视率100.00%;干预组未发生因新生儿溶血症和母子血型不合高胆红素血症死亡病例,对照组因新生儿溶血症死亡2例,母子血型不合高胆红素血症死亡1例。结论:群体干预技术能够明显降低新生儿溶血症发病率。     

Citrin缺陷所致婴儿肝内胆汁淤积症的肝胆显像特征

目的 探讨citrin缺陷导致的婴儿肝内胆汁淤积症（NICCD）患儿^99Tc^m-二乙基乙酰苯胺亚氨二醋酸（EHIDA）肝胆显像的特征.方法 回顾性分析28例（男16例,女12例,1～8月龄）经基因确诊、同时行^99Tc^m-EHIDA肝胆动态显像检查的NICCD患儿资料.肝胆动态显像时心、肝、肾按正常时序和强度显影定义为摄取功能正常,肝影模糊和（或）心肾影持续时间延长者为摄取功能差;60 min内肠道显影为排泄通畅,60 min后为排泄延迟,24 h肠道仍不显影为排泄受阻.分析肝胆显像特征与血清总胆红素（TB）、直接胆红素（DB）、ALT、总胆汁酸（TBA）等指标间的关系.数据分析采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验.结果 28例中,20例表现为摄取功能正常,其中10例排泄通畅,10例排泄延迟;8例表现为摄取功能差,其中4例排泄延迟,4例排泄受阻.与摄取功能正常组相比,摄取功能差组TB和DB明显增高[183.6（128.7～ 280.9） mmol/L和105.5（80.0～ 141.7） mmol/L,135.6（95.7～212.6） mmol/L和73.1（53.9～ 97.9） mmol/L;Z=-2.25和-2.73,均P＜0.05].与排泄通畅者相比,排泄延迟者TB、DB和TBA明显升高[分别为137.5（122.0～170.9） mmol/L和81.7（65.7～93.5） mmol/L,96.5（81.1～ 108.0） mmol/L和54.1（45.3～72.6） mmol/L,245.6（183.9～299.2） mmol/L和136.0（73.5 ～163.2） mmol/L;Z=-3.92、-3.74和-2.57,均P＜0.05];排泄受阻者TB[262.0（152.1 ～ 542.8） mmol/L]和DB[192.7（118.1～407.2） mmol/L]更高（均Z=-2.82,均P＜0.05）.与排泄延迟组相比,排泄受阻者ALT明显增高[71.5（48.5～144.8） U/L和20.0（16.5～27.7） U/L;Z=-2.66,P＜0.05）.结论 ^99Tc^m-EHIDA肝胆显像可反映NICCD患儿肝脏摄取和排泄功能受损的状况,摄取功能受损严重时,可出现排泄受阻的征象.     

中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐51例

目的:观察中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年4月—2014年4月本院收治的102例患儿,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各51例。对照组行西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上服用生大黄水,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果:观察组有效率为90.20%,对照组有效率为60.78%,两组有效率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患儿呕吐停止时间与鼻饲停止时间分别为(51.67±30.02)h、(63.32±31.30)h,均显著优于对照组患儿的(74.35±30.22)h、(85.32±31.28)h,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗新生儿呕吐可明显提高临床疗效,缩短疗程。     

Managing the first period at home with a newborn: a grounded theory study of mothers’ experiences

Aim: The article aims to present a theoretical account of mothers’ first period at home with their newborn in Norway. Background: Mothers’ well‐being affects their babies and is therefore an important priority for public health. Early discharge after childbirth is common in many countries. In Norway, this has been practised for 5–10 years but without any distinct agreement between maternity hospitals and the community health services and without documented follow‐up care. Knowledge is lacking in how mothers deal with the first period at home with the baby. Method: Seven focus group discussions were conducted with 26 mothers who had babies 1.5–3 months old. The grounded theory method was used to gather and analyse data. Results: The mothers were strongly concerned about preserving their control and integrity in the new situation. This main concern was resolved by the strategy of prioritizing newborn care. The strategy encompassed a process of developing competence as a mother, changing focus in relationships, stretching to the critical level and seeking recognition. These parallel processes were inter‐related, sometimes mutually supportive and sometimes conflicting. When conflicts occurred, prioritizing newborn care guided mothers in finding solutions. Breaches of the implied conditions in health care tended to increase mothers’ level of strain and uncertainty and to influence their efficacy in breastfeeding the baby. Conclusion: Being a mother to a newborn is a dynamic and extensive process. Succeeding in breastfeeding seems especially sensitive and essential in motherhood. The idea that giving birth is a simple and normal situation may obscure the importance of seamless health care and the need for professional support and information.