Trigeminal neuropathy and partial nose destruction

Summary Two cases of trigeminal neuropathy with tissue loss are described, one in a Spillane-Wells syndrome, the other in a Riley-Day syndrome. Although the etiology was different, nose-picking led in both cases to a typical punchedout lesion of the skin and cartilage of nose tip, columella and alae nasi. Reconstruction was performed only in the first case, after resolution of the neuropathy. Reconstruction should not be considered for cases with persistant anaesthesia.Head: M. Lejour     

中药治疗糖尿病微血管病变的研究进展

糖尿病及其并发症病是全世界关注的重大公共卫生问题。糖尿病微血管病变是糖尿病虚损夹血瘀形成的血管并发症,以微循环障碍并伴有透明样物质沉积为基本病理改变特征,糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病神经病变最为常见。糖尿病微血管病变可追溯到糖尿病前期,随着糖尿病发生发展动态演进不断加重,需及早干预。临床在降糖、降脂、降压的基础治疗上,多选择抗氧化应激、抗炎、改善微循环和抗血管新生的药物治疗糖尿病微血管并发症。糖尿病微血管病变属于中医“络病”的概念,中药治疗糖尿病微血管病变的核心是在降糖的基础上保护“孙络-微血管”,组方多为补气滋阴、清热活血药味配伍而成。该文基于糖尿病微血管病变的中西医认识及治疗原则,简要概述针对不同证型治疗糖尿病微血管病变的常用方剂,如白虎加人参汤、玉液汤、四妙勇安汤、葛根芩连汤、六味地黄丸及一些现代制剂,同时概述方剂常用药味,如人参、黄芪、地黄、枸杞子、三七、丹参、金银花、葛根的研究进展,以期为中药治疗糖尿病微血管病变提供临床依据和理论指导。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤加减对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经细胞凋亡相关Bax和Caspase-12的影响

目的 研究黄芪桂枝五物汤加减对糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经细胞凋亡相关B细胞淋巴瘤-2相关X蛋白（Bax）和胱天蛋白酶-12（Caspase-12）蛋白与mRNA表达的影响,以探究黄芪桂枝五物汤加减治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的作用机制。方法 选用动物实验方法进行研究,将60只雄性SD大鼠通过高糖高脂饲料喂养联合链尿佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射诱导成糖尿病大鼠动物模型,连续3 d随机血糖≥16.7 mmol·L^-1者为糖尿病大鼠造模成功,将48只造模成功的糖尿病大鼠随机分为模型组、α-硫辛酸组（0.026 8 g·kg^-1·d^-1）、中药高、低剂量组（2.5、1.25 g·kg^-1·d^-1）,每组各12只,并设正常组10只。监测大鼠体质量和随机血糖水平;干预16周末通过Key point肌电采集系统检测大鼠坐骨神经传导速度;分别通过蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）检测大鼠坐骨神经中Bax和Caspase-12蛋白与mRNA的表达。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量显著下降（P<0.01）,随机血糖水平显著升高（P<0.01）;干预16周,与模型组比较,中药高剂量组大鼠体质量明显升高（P<0.05）,其他给药组体质量变化差异无统计学意义;各给药组随机血糖水平均显著降低（P<0.01）。与正常组比较,干预16周,模型组大鼠运动和感觉神经传导速度显著降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠运动和感觉神经传导速度均明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠坐骨神经Bax和Caspase-12蛋白表达显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠坐骨神经Bax和Caspase-12蛋白表达均显著降低（P<0.01）。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠坐骨神经Bax和Caspase-12 mRNA表达显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,α-硫辛酸组、中药高剂量组大鼠坐骨神经Bax mRNA表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,中药低剂量组坐骨神经Bax mRNA表达降低有下降趋势;各给药组大鼠坐骨神经Caspase-12 mRNA表达显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 黄芪桂枝五物汤加减可能通过抑制坐骨神经细胞凋亡来改善和修复糖尿病大鼠坐骨神经损伤。     

Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy: A 1-Year,Randomized, Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Trial

Aim: To investigate the effect of normalizing vitamin B12 (B12) levels with oral B12 (methylcobalamin) 1000 μg/day for one year in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). Patients and methods: In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 90 patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin for at least four years and both peripheral and autonomic DN were randomized to an active treatment group (n = 44) receiving B12 and a control group (n = 46) receiving a placebo. All patients had B12 levels less than 400 pmol/L. Subjects underwent measurements of sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), sural nerve action potential (amplitude) (SNAP), and vibration perception threshold (VPT), and they performed cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs: mean circular resultant (MCR), Valsalva test, postural index, and orthostatic hypotension). Sudomotor function was assessed with the SUDOSCAN that measures electrochemical skin conductance in hands and feet (ESCH and ESCF, respectively). We also used the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination (MNSIQ and MNSIE, respectively) and questionnaires to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and level of pain (pain score). Results: B12 levels increased from 232.0 ± 71.8 at baseline to 776.7 ± 242.3 pmol/L at follow-up, p < 0.0001, in the active group but not in the control group. VPT, MNSIQ, QoL, pain score, SNCV, SNAP, and ESCF significantly improved in the active group (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.0001, p < 0.000, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.014, respectively), whereas CARTS and MNSIE improved but not significantly. MCR, MNSIQ, SNCV, SNAP, and pain score significantly deteriorated in the control group (p = 0.025, p = 0.017, p = 0.045, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: The treatment of patients with DN with 1 mg of oral methylcobalamin for twelve months increased plasma B12 levels and improved all neurophysiological parameters, sudomotor function, pain score, and QoL, but it did not improve CARTS and MNSIE.     

显微外科技术治疗周围神经嵌压症

目的 :为探讨显微外科技术治疗周围神经嵌压症的疗效。方法 :采用显微外科技术对各部位周围神经嵌压症 2 5例进行神经内外松解术。结果 :2 5例周围神经嵌压症患者术后症状、体征及肌电图检查均较术前明显改善 ,疗效满意。结论 :显微外科技术是治疗周围神经嵌压症的一种有效方法。     

银杏黄酮甙和甲基B_(12)联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察

目的　探讨银杏黄酮甙和甲基B12 对糖尿病周围病变的治疗效果。方法　将 14 9例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为 4组 ,分别为常规治疗组 (对照组 )、银杏黄酮甙组 (第 1组 )、甲基B12 组 (第 2组 )、银杏黄酮甙与甲基B12 联合组(第 3组 )。疗程为 8周。观察治疗前后自觉症状、腱反射和神经传导速度。结果　第 3组总有效率为 95 % ,显著高于对照组 (17% ) (P <0 .0 0 5 )。第 1组和第 2组 ,总有效率分别为 6 9%和 72 % ,与对照组比较均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。第 3组神经传导速度治疗后较冶疗前显著改善 (P <0 .0 1) ,而且显著优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)、第 1组 (P <0 .0 5 )和第 2组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　银杏黄酮甙和甲基B12 联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变较单独应用更为有效。     

基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路探究桃红四物汤对糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠炎症反应的影响

目的:探究桃红四物汤对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)大鼠炎症反应及对Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核转录因子kappan B(NF-κB)通路的影响。方法:从45只SD大鼠中随机选取10只为对照组,其余35只大鼠建立DPN模型,3只大鼠建模失败,其余随机分为模型组,桃红四物汤低、高剂量组及α-硫辛酸组,每组各8只。桃红四物汤低、高剂量组分别给予4.5、18 g/(kg·d)的桃红四物汤,α-硫辛酸组给予α-硫辛酸20 mg/(kg·d),对照组及模型组给予等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,均灌胃给药。连续给药8周后,检测大鼠血清炎症因子、血糖及血脂指标及神经传导情况,观察坐骨神经病理学变化,检测TLR4相关通路蛋白表达情况。结果:与对照组比较,模型组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平升高,血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)及血清总胆固醇(TC)水平升高,感觉神经传导速度(SNCV)及运动神经传导速度(MNCV)水平降低,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)...     

补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液对糖尿病周围神经病变 患者炎症反应和下肢神经功能的影响

目的:探讨补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者的炎症反应和下肢神经功能的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月在上海市静安区江宁路街道社区卫生服务中心收治的DPN患者148例,按照随机对照的方法,随机分为对照组(n=74)和观察组(n=74),对照组给予硫辛酸注射液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予补气活血止痛汤治疗,4周为1个疗程,连续用药2个疗程后比较临床疗效。结果:观察组治疗后患者IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α及CRP水平较对照组显著下降(P<0.05);观察组治疗后左胫神经、右胫神经、左腓总神经和右腓总神经传导速度较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后TCSS、TSS和NRS评分较对照组临床症状评分下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论:补气活血止痛汤配合硫辛酸注射液可显著降低炎症反应、促进神经传导功能,从而改善DPN患者的临床症状。     

慢性肾衰患者心率变异性改变

目的　通过心率变异性 (HRV)变化测定 ,探讨慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)患者的自主神经活动状况。方法　用2 4小时动态心电图分析系统 ,对 2 0例健康者 ,77例CRF患者 (其中 30例氮质血症 ,4 7例尿毒症 )心率变异性的时域指标进行对比研究。结果　CRF患者心率变异性的测定结果为 :SDNN 85 .2 8± 19.96 ,SDANN 75 .5 5± 2 2 .4 7,r-MSSD19.2 2± 11.82 ,PNN50 6 .7± 14 .79,各项指标均明显低于健康者 (P <0 .0 1)。氮质血症期与尿毒症期心率变异性无明显差别。结论　通过HRV时域分析发现 ,CRF患者有自主神经调节功能紊乱。CRF氮质血症期患者已出现HRV下降 ,提示CRF患者早期就存在自主神经功能损害。     

Hypertrophic mononeuritis clinically presenting with painful legs and moving toes

A 40-year-old woman presented with progressive lower leg pain and spontaneous toe movement. The EMG showed a posterior tibial nerve mononeuropathy and continuous myokymic discharges in posterior tibial-innervated muscles. The MRI revealed a markedly enlarged posterior tibial nerve. Toe movements and myokymia were unaffected by the proximal transection of the lesion but ceased abruptly when the distal end of the fusiform "tumor" was resected, suggesting that spontaneous electrical foci may have been located along the nerve lesion. The markedly enlarged nerve segment contained edematous, swollen fascicles with marked Schwann cell onion-bulb lesions and angiocentric, lymphocytic, and lymphofollicular infiltration. This nerve lesion is an example of a newly recognized entity called hypertrophic mononeuritis.