低剂量辐射对脐血免疫细胞功能影响的初步研究

目的 观察低剂量辐射对脐血淋巴细胞增殖，CD25分子表达，IL－2水平和NK细胞活性的影响。方法：（1）采用^3H-TdR掺入法和^3H-TdR释放法检测62mGy,124mGy,186mGy 射线照射新鲜分离的脐血淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性。（2）采用单克隆抗体直接免疫荧光标记流式细胞术和酶联免疫吸附实验检测62mGy γ射线照射新鲜分离的脐血淋巴细胞在不同时间（12h,24h,48h）CD25分子表达和培养上清液的IL－2水平。结果 在一定剂量范围内的低剂量辐射显著促进脐血淋巴细胞增殖和增强NK细胞活性。62mGy γ射线照射后脐血淋巴细胞CD25表达和IL－12水平显著上调，CD25表达和IL－2的水平随时间推移逐步增高。结论 在一定剂量范围内的低剂量辐射能促进淋巴细胞的增殖，活化和成熟，增强NK细胞活性。低剂量辐射对脐血免疫细胞存在兴奋效应。可能加速脐血移植时造血功能和免疫功能的重建，这可能增加移植物抗白血病效应，降低其复发，显示出临床应用前景。     

计算机模拟与检测离体猪肝植入式微波辐射热场

目的 :探讨计算机模拟超声引导下植入式微波辐射热场在离体猪肝中的可行性。材料和方法 :对临床常用的能量输出条件下微波热凝固的范围和温度分布进行了计算机模拟和检测。通过实验得到了离体猪肝的模拟参数 ,建立了离体猪肝的计算机模拟热场图 ;在 2 6个猪肝上进行了 496个点次的测温以验证模拟热场的准确性。结果 :微波辐射时离体猪肝温升曲线与计算机模拟温度曲线有很好的一致性的占 88.91% ,猪肝凝固边界温度与计算机模拟的 5 4℃所对应的边界有较好的吻合性。结论 :用计算机模拟离体猪肝微波热场是准确的 ,该方法的确立为计算机模拟活体组织的研究奠定了基础     

电磁辐射和微波的生物学效应

电磁辐射广泛存在于人类的生存环境之中。人们在利用电磁辐射和微波为人类的健康服务的同时,也越来越多地认识到其对健康的危害。目前电磁辐射已成为损伤人类健康的最主要物理因素之一。本文综述了近年来电磁辐射和微波的生物学机制、对人体各组织器官的不良影响、研究中存在的问题以及研究方向。     

低剂量~(60)Coγ射线宫内一次照射对仔鼠生后生长发育及行为的影响

作者报道了成年Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠妊娠第１２．５天受到分别为０，０．１０６，０．１５Ｇ，０．３１２，０．５１８和０．６５８Ｇｙ６０Ｃｏγ射线一次性全身照射对其仔代生后生长发育及行为的影响．研究发现：０．５１８Ｇｙ即可使仔鼠宫内体重发育受阻，０．１０６～３．５１８Ｇｙ则可使仔鼠生后的３～２１天龄期间表现出体重增长增加；而生理标志、新生反射和感觉功能以及行为指标的检测，则提示生长发育受阻、行为兴奋性增加的致畸阈值在０．１５６～０．３１２Ｇｙ范围内．     

Microwave Ablation versus Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

PurposeTo assess the cost effectiveness of microwave ablation (MWA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with inoperable stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and MethodsA literature search was performed in MEDLINE with broad search clusters. A decision-analytic model was constructed over a 5-year period. The model incorporated treatment-related complications and long-term recurrence. All clinical parameters were derived from the literature with preference to long-term prospective trials. A healthcare payers’ perspective was adopted. Outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) extracted from prior studies and U.S. dollars from Medicare reimbursements and prior studies. Base case calculations, probabilistic sensitivity analysis with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations, and multiple 1- and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsMWA yielded a health benefit of 2.31 QALYs at a cost of $195,331, whereas SBRT yielded a health benefit of 2.33 QALYs at a cost of $225,271. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $1,480,597/QALY, indicating that MWA is the more cost-effective strategy. The conclusion remains unchanged in probabilistic sensitivity analysis with MWA being the optimal cost strategy in 99.84% simulations. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that MWA remains cost effective when its annual recurrence risk is <18.4% averaged over 5 years, when the SBRT annual recurrence risk is >1.44% averaged over 5 years, or when MWA is at least $7,500 cheaper than SBRT.ConclusionsMWA appears to be more cost effective than SBRT for patients with inoperable stage I NSCLC.     

Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to promote bone healing

An overall decline in the availability of osteogenic precursor cells and growth factors in the bone marrow microenvironment have been associated with impaired bone formation and osteopenia in humans. The objective of the current study was to determine if transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a healthy, young donor mouse into an osteopenic recipient mouse could enhance osseointegration of a femoral implant. MSC harvested from normal young adult mice differentiated into bone forming osteoblasts when cultured on implant grade titanium surfaces ex vivo and promoted bone formation around titanium-coated rods implanted in the femoral canal of osteopenic recipient mice. Micro computed tomographic imaging and histological analyses showed more, better quality, bone in the femur that received the MSC transplant compared with the contra-lateral control femur that received carrier alone. These results provide pre-clinical evidence that MSC transplantation promotes peri-implant bone regeneration and suggest the approach could be used in a clinical setting to enhance bone regeneration and healing in patients with poor quality bone.     

经尿道反馈式微波治疗高危前列腺增生随访2年结果分析

目的 评价高危BPH采用经尿道反馈式微波治疗随访2年的疗效.方法 高危BPH患者62例(含门诊患者2例),均为年龄≥80岁或并发重要器官及系统严重病变或功能损害.治疗前前列腺体积、IPSS、QOL、Qmax分别为(62.03±50.69)ml、23.19±9.33、4.58±1.09、(4.33±3.75) ml/s.62例均在尿道表面麻醉下采用经尿道反馈式微波治疗,分别在治疗后3、12、24个月复查B超测量前列腺体积,复测IPSS、QOL及Qmax. 结果 62例均能耐受治疗,除轻微出血、感染及一过性尿失禁外,无明显外科并发症.治疗后3个月前列腺体积、IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax分别为(43.85±33.48)ml、11.63±7.14、2.44±1.36、(11.44±4.20) ml/s,治疗后12个月为(45.10±33.38) ml、12.23±7.33、2.61±1.33、(10.91±4.05) ml/s,治疗后24个月为(45.80±33.46) ml、12.37±7.48、2.66±1.40、(10.82±4.03) ml/s.治疗后各个时间点的各项指标均较治疗前显著改善(P＜0.01). 结论 经尿道反馈式微波治疗高危BPH患者长期安全有效,可用于门诊治疗,治疗后3个月达到最佳疗效.     

良性前列腺增生症的微创治疗进展

良性前列腺增生症（BPH）是中老年男性泌尿生殖系统最常见的疾病之一,而外科手术治疗是治愈此疾病的唯一手段,传统的外科手术方法主要是开放前列腺摘除手术及经尿道前列腺切除术（TURP）,但因手术创伤较大及术中并发症较多,其在外科手术治疗中的主导地位不断受到各类新近微创治疗方法的挑战,其中一部分已成为治疗良性前列腺增生症的重要手段。本文就微创治疗技术在治疗良性前列腺增生症的发展作一综述,以供临床参考。     

低剂量照射在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究进展

电离辐射生物效应与辐射剂量和剂量率有关,大、中剂量照射以损伤效应为主,低剂量照射可诱导机体的兴奋效应、适应性反应、超敏感性、旁效应等。低剂量全身照射通过诱导免疫增强效应、超敏感性、激活抗氧化酶系统及肿瘤细胞凋亡等机制具有抗肿瘤作用,降低随后较大剂量辐射诱发的肿瘤发生率。目前。低剂量照射在肿瘤防治中的应用正成为研究的热点。     

低强度激光照射对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞一氧化氮生成通路的上调作用

目的 观察低强度激光照射(low power laser irradiation,LPLI)对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)转运、一氧化氮(NO)生成以及NO合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的作用,以探讨LPLI血管保护作用的细胞分子机制.方法 取Wistar大鼠主动脉,贴块法培养VSMCs,分别以能量密度0、0.9.2.7和4.5 J/cm2的He-Ne激光(波长632nm)照射,无照射组为对照组.重氮化学反应法测定培养液中NO含量,细胞孵育液中加入3H-L-Arg测定细胞L-Arg的摄入,测定3H-胍氨酸的生成反映NOS活性.结果 能量密度分别为0.9,2.7和4.5 J/cm2的LPLI照射VSMCs,促进细胞NO生成分别较对照组增加-1.3%(P＞0.05)、60.4%(P＜0.01)和78.6%(P＜0.01);细胞NOS活性分别较对照组增加16.9%(P＞0.05)、44.6%(P＜0.01)和53.0%(P＜0.01);而且细胞摄入L-Arg(Vmax值)分别较对照组增加11.0%(P＜0.05),66.7%(P＜0.01)和38.7%(P＜0.01);激光照射对L-Arg跨细胞膜转运的米氏常数(Km值)无明显影响(均P＞0.05).结论 低强度He-Ne激光照射激活大鼠VSMCs的L-Arg/NOS/NO通路,可能为低强度激光扩张血管、改善器官血流等生物学效应的机制之一.