人参多糖的提取分离及其体外抗肿瘤作用

目的：从人参中提取分离人参多糖,对其进行初步鉴定分析,观察人参多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性。方法：采用水提醇沉法和Sevage法提取人参多糖,应用红外光谱对其结构进行初步的鉴定分析;小鼠前列腺癌RM-1细胞株和人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株分为对照组和不同浓度（50、100、200、300、400和500 mg/L）人参多糖组,MTT法检测各组细胞的生长抑制情况,通过细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）实验检测不同浓度人参多糖对肿瘤细胞的间接杀伤作用,即细胞毒性乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放率。结果：人参多糖的提取率为8.76%,经鉴定成分为多糖。MTT实验,不同浓度人参多糖处理RM-1和HeLa细胞24 h后,与对照组比较,各浓度人参多糖组细胞存活率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTL实验,与对照组比较,不同浓度人参多糖组细胞毒性LDH释放率显著升高(P<0.05);随着人参多糖浓度的增加,细胞毒性LDH释放率先升高后降低,人参多糖浓度为100 mg/L时,细胞毒性LDH释放率最大。 结论：人参多糖可以通过激活T细胞来间接抑制肿瘤细胞生长,起到抗肿瘤的作用。     

近红外光谱技术鉴别麦冬药材产地

目的利用近红外光谱技术建立一种快速鉴别麦冬药材产地的新方法。方法收集4个产地126批麦冬样品,采集其近红外光谱图,采用判别分析法通过优化光谱预处理条件和主成分数,建立药材鉴别模型。结果建立的模型鉴别准确率达到98.4%。结论利用近红外光谱技术可准确、快速鉴别麦冬产地。     

血管痉挛对蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管病理性改变的影响

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)性脑血管痉挛(CVS)与血管壁病理学改变之间的因果关系。方法采用药理学预阻滞法,通过光镜和电镜对42只猫SAH后CVS的形成及其对血管壁病理性改变的影响作用进行观察。结果预先使用血管外周阻滞剂可以明显地减轻SAH所致的CVS反应程度,并使血管壁发生的病理性改变也随之减轻。结论 CVS是血管壁发生病理性改变的成因,继而又成为影响SAH预后的主要原因之一。预防或阻止CVS的发生,可有效地防止血管壁发生相应的病理学改变。     

Resection of osteoid osteoma of distal tibia using the intraoperative isotopic scan

Osteoid osteomas are small-sized benign painful bony tumors. The authors report the case of an osteoid osteoma located in the distal third of the tibia, treated by the surgical excision of the nidus using the intraoperatively isotopic marking which allows reducing the incision size and the bony resection.     

Surgical rationalization of living donor liver transplantation by abolition of hepatic artery reconstruction under a fixed microscope

The small diameter of the hepatic artery is one of the complexities of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We analyzed whether the direct suture technique using surgical loupes can simplify the operative process for LDLT compared with fixed microscopic reconstruction. We applied the direct technique to rationalize the operative process and abolished routine microsurgery from 2004. Two hundred and nine LDLT with a postoperative period over 34 months were carried out from 1996 to 2008. The patients were divided into two groups: the micro group (children: 20, adults: 72) and the non‐micro group (children: 12, adults: 97). Running anastomosis was undertaken in the non‐micro group. The anastomotic size of the children was significantly smaller than that of the adults, but larger than 2 mm (2.38 ± 0.4 vs. 2.7 ± 0.47 mm, p = 0.0005). By appropriate choice of the proximal artery, direct anastomosis is possible even in children. Early complications occurred in seven cases in the micro group, but none occurred in the non‐micro group (p < 0.05). Significant reductions were observed in operation time (p < 0.0001), blood loss (p < 0.05), and hospital stay (p < 0.01) in the non‐micro group. Non‐microscopic anastomosis is useful for the rationalization of LDLT.     

Worldwide variability in deceased organ donation registries

The variability in deceased organ donation registries worldwide has received little attention. We considered all operating registries, where individual wishes about organ donation were recorded in a computerized database. We included registries which recorded an individual's decision to be a donor (donor registry), and registries which only recorded an individual's objection (non-donor registry). We collected information on 15 characteristics including history, design, use and number of registrants for 27 registries (68%). Most registries are nationally operated and government-owned. Registrations in five nations expire and require renewal. Some registries provide the option to make specific organ selections in the donation decision. Just over half of donor registries provide legally binding authorization to donation. In all national donor registries, except one, the proportion of adults (15+) registered is modest (<40%). These proportions can be even lower when only affirmative decisions are considered. One nation provides priority status on the transplant waiting list as an incentive to affirmative registration, while another nation makes registering a donation decision mandatory to obtain a driver's license. Registered objections in non-donor registries are rare (<0.5%). The variation in organ donor registries worldwide necessitates public discourse and quality improvement initiatives, to identify and support leading practices in registry use.     

Reprint of “Assessment of marker proteins identified in whole cell extracts for bacterial speciation using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry”

Staphylococcal strains (CoNS) were speciated in this study. Digests of proteins released from whole cells were converted to tryptic peptides for analysis. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS, Orbitrap) was employed for peptide analysis. Data analysis was performed employing the open-source software X!Tandem which uses sequenced genomes to generate a virtual peptide database for comparison to experimental data. The search database was modified to include the genomes of the 11 Staphylococcus species most commonly isolated from man. The number of total peptides matching each protein along with the number of peptides specifically matching to the homologue (or homologues) for strains of the same species were assessed. Any peptides not matching to the species examined were considered conflict peptides. The proteins typically identified with the largest percentage of sequence coverage, number of matched peptides and number of peptides corresponding to only the correct species were elongation factor Tu (EF Tu) and enolase (Enol). Additional proteins with consistently observed peptides as well as peptides matching only homologues from the same species were citrate synthase (CS) and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (1P5CD).Protein markers, previously identified from gel slices, (aconitate hydratase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) were found to provide low confidence scores when employing whole cell digests. The methodological approach described here provides a simple yet elegant way of identification of staphylococci. However, perhaps more importantly the technology should be applicable universally for identification of any bacterial species.     

Cloning of a novel specific SCAR marker for species identification in Lactobacillus pentosus

Identifying Lactobacillus species using only phenotypic and genotypic (16S rDNA sequence analysis) techniques yields inaccurate results. The objective of this study was to develop species-specific primers based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting to distinguish species within the closely related Lactobacillus plantarum group. One of these primers, OPD-3, produced a species-specific band that was found only in the tested Lactobacillus pentosus. This specific fragment was isolated from agarose gel and ligated into a vector for DNA sequencing. A pair of primers, SpOPD3Lpen-F1/R1, that were highly specific sequence-characterized-amplified-regions (SCARs) were designed according to the nucleotide sequences of the specific RAPD marker. These primers were used for PCR analysis of the template DNA of the Lactobacillus strains, and a single 542 bp species-specific band was found only in L. pentosus. Using PCR, a novel species-specific primer pair is shown to rapidly, accurately and effectively distinguish L. pentosus from other species in the L. plantarum group of probiotic bacteria.     

Improvement of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of difficult-to-identify bacteria and its impact in the workflow of a clinical microbiology laboratory

This study evaluates matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) capability for the identification of difficult-to-identify microorganisms. A total of 150 bacterial isolates inconclusively identified with conventional phenotypic tests were further assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and by MALDI-TOF MS following 2 methods: a) a simplified formic acid-based, on-plate extraction and b) performing a tube-based extraction step. Using the simplified method, 29 isolates could not be identified. For the remaining 121 isolates (80.7%), we obtained a reliable identification by MALDI-TOF: in 103 isolates, the identification by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI TOF coincided at the species level (68.7% from the total 150 analyzed isolates and 85.1% from the samples with MALDI-TOF result), and in 18 isolates, the identification by both methods coincided at the genus level (12% from the total and 14.9% from the samples with MALDI-TOF results). No discordant results were observed. The performance of the tube-based extraction step allowed the identification at the species level of 6 of the 29 unidentified isolates by the simplified method. In summary, MALDI-TOF can be used for the rapid identification of many bacterial isolates inconclusively identified by conventional methods.     

Systemic AA-amyloidosis related to MPO-ANCA microscopic polyangiitis: A case report

We report autopsy findings in an 83-year-old woman with myeloperoxidase-type anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive microscopic polyangiitis and systemic AA amyloidosis. With a diagnosis of MPO-ANCA-related microscopic polyangiitis, the patient was treated with corticosteroids, but she died of intractable enteritis. Autopsy showed inactive vasculitis affecting small arteries in kidney, lung, intestinal tract, and skeletal muscle. Gastrointestinal viscera were thickened, and AA-amyloid was demonstrated in arterioles and surrounding tissues. Amyloidosis also involved heart, kidney, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary gland, and subcutis. ANCA-positive microscopic polyangiitis appears to have been the likely cause of this patient's AA-amyloidosis.