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991.
992.
Alginate Encapsulant Incorporating CXCL12 Supports Long‐Term Allo‐ and Xenoislet Transplantation Without Systemic Immune Suppression
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993.
Kidney‐Induced Cardiac Allograft Tolerance in Miniature Swine is Dependent on MHC‐Matching of Donor Cardiac and Renal Parenchyma
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M. L. Madariaga S. G. Michel G. M. La Muraglia II M. Sekijima V. Villani D. A. Leonard H. J. Powell J. M. Kurtz E. A. Farkash R. B. Colvin J. S. Allan C. L. Cetrulo Jr C. A. Huang D. H. Sachs K. Yamada J. C. Madsen 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(6):1580-1590
Kidney allografts possess the ability to enable a short course of immunosuppression to induce tolerance of themselves and of cardiac allografts across a full‐MHC barrier in miniature swine. However, the renal element(s) responsible for kidney‐induced cardiac allograft tolerance (KICAT) are unknown. Here we investigated whether MHC disparities between parenchyma versus hematopoietic‐derived “passenger” cells of the heart and kidney allografts affected KICAT. Heart and kidney allografts were co‐transplanted into MHC‐mismatched recipients treated with high‐dose tacrolimus for 12 days. Group 1 animals (n = 3) received kidney and heart allografts fully MHC‐mismatched to each other and to the recipient. Group 2 animals (n = 3) received kidney and heart allografts MHC‐matched to each other but MHC‐mismatched to the recipient. Group 3 animals (n = 3) received chimeric kidney allografts whose parenchyma was MHC‐mismatched to the donor heart. Group 4 animals (n = 3) received chimeric kidney allografts whose passenger leukocytes were MHC‐mismatched to the donor heart. Five of six heart allografts in Groups 1 and 3 rejected <40 days. In contrast, heart allografts in Groups 2 and 4 survived >150 days without rejection (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that KICAT requires MHC‐matching between kidney allograft parenchyma and heart allografts, suggesting that cells intrinsic to the kidney enable cardiac allograft tolerance. 相似文献
994.
Vascular Management During Live Donor Nephrectomy: An Online Survey Among Transplant Surgeons
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S. Janki D. Verver K. W. J. Klop A. L. Friedman T. G. Peters L. E. Ratner J. N. M. Ijzermans F. J. M. F. Dor 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(6):1701-1707
995.
Immunophenotypic Profile and Increased Risk of Hospital Admission for Infection in Infants Born to Female Kidney Transplant Recipients
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E. Ono A. M. dos Santos P. O. Viana M. I. S. Dinelli N. Sass L. De Oliveira A. L. Goulart M. I. de Moraes‐Pinto 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(6):1654-1665
Children born to female kidney recipients are exposed to immunosuppressive drugs during gestation. Little is known about their immune system at birth or in the long term. Twenty‐eight children born to female kidney recipients and 40 full‐term children born to healthy mothers were evaluated. T, B, NK, NKT, γδT cells were assessed by flow cytometry and functional evaluation of T and dendritic cells after in vitro activation was performed at birth and at 8 months of age. At birth, infants born to female kidney recipients showed lower numbers of CD4+ T, NKT and intense reduction of B cells (median cells/mm3, transplant: 153.7 X control: 512.4; p < 0.001). There was also a reduced percentage of activated CD8+ T and of CD4+ regulatory T cells. Activated memory and exhausted memory B cells showed higher percentages among children exposed to immunosuppressors when compared to control group. At 8 months, most immune alterations were no longer observed, but four children still had low numbers of some lymphocyte subsets at this age. Children born to female kidney recipients had 4.351 (95% CI: 1.026–15.225; p = 0.046) higher risk of hospital admission in the first months of life—some, with severe clinical manifestations—than those born to healthy women. 相似文献
996.
H. E. Ahrens B. Petersen D. Herrmann A. Lucas‐Hahn P. Hassel M. Ziegler W. A. Kues U. Baulain W. Baars R. Schwinzer J. Denner D. Rataj S. Werwitzke A. Tiede A. K. Bongoni P. S. Garimella A. Despont R. Rieben H. Niemann 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(5):1407-1414
Acute vascular rejection (AVR), in particular microvascular thrombosis, is an important barrier to successful pig‐to‐primate xenotransplantation. Here, we report the generation of pigs with decreased tissue factor (TF) levels induced by small interfering (si)RNA‐mediated gene silencing. Porcine fibroblasts were transfected with TF‐targeting small hairpin (sh)RNA and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Offspring were analyzed for siRNA, TF mRNA and TF protein level. Functionality of TF downregulation was investigated by a whole blood clotting test and a flow chamber assay. TF siRNA was expressed in all twelve liveborn piglets. TF mRNA expression was reduced by 94.1 ± 4.7% in TF knockdown (TFkd) fibroblasts compared to wild‐type (WT). TF protein expression in PAEC stimulated with 50 ng/mL TNF‐α was significantly lower in TFkd pigs (mean fluorescence intensity TFkd: 7136 ± 136 vs. WT: 13 038 ± 1672). TF downregulation significantly increased clotting time (TFkd: 73.3 ± 8.8 min, WT: 45.8 ± 7.7 min, p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased thrombus formation compared to WT (mean thrombus coverage per viewing field in %; WT: 23.5 ± 13.0, TFkd: 2.6 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001). Our data show that a functional knockdown of TF is compatible with normal development and survival of pigs. TF knockdown could be a valuable component in the generation of multi‐transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation. 相似文献
997.
A. B. Massie E. K. H. Chow C. E. Wickliffe X. Luo S. E Gentry D. C. Mulligan D. L. Segev 《American journal of transplantation》2015,15(3):659-667
In June 2013, a change to the liver waitlist priority algorithm was implemented. Under Share 35, regional candidates with MELD ≥ 35 receive higher priority than local candidates with MELD < 35. We compared liver distribution and mortality in the first 12 months of Share 35 to an equivalent time period before. Under Share 35, new listings with MELD ≥ 35 increased slightly from 752 (9.2% of listings) to 820 (9.7%, p = 0.3), but the proportion of deceased‐donor liver transplants (DDLTs) allocated to recipients with MELD ≥ 35 increased from 23.1% to 30.1% (p < 0.001). The proportion of regional shares increased from 18.9% to 30.4% (p < 0.001). Sharing of exports was less clustered among a handful of centers (Gini coefficient decreased from 0.49 to 0.34), but there was no evidence of change in CIT (p = 0.8). Total adult DDLT volume increased from 4133 to 4369, and adjusted odds of discard decreased by 14% (p = 0.03). Waitlist mortality decreased by 30% among patients with baseline MELD > 30 (SHR = 0.70, p < 0.001) with no change for patients with lower baseline MELD (p = 0.9). Posttransplant length‐of‐stay (p = 0.2) and posttransplant mortality (p = 0.9) remained unchanged. In the first 12 months, Share 35 was associated with more transplants, fewer discards, and lower waitlist mortality, but not at the expense of CIT or early posttransplant outcomes. 相似文献
998.
Sequential Monitoring and Stability of Ex Vivo–Expanded Autologous and Nonautologous Regulatory T Cells Following Infusion in Nonhuman Primates
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999.
1000.