复方丹参滴丸对不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板活化功能的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效及其对血小板活化功能的影响。方法选择本院2012年8月～2013年10月收治的不稳定型心绞痛患者90例,随机分为两组,两组均给予抗凝、降脂、扩血管治疗,研究组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予复方丹参滴丸治疗。观察两组治疗效果,治疗前后采集静脉血,检测CD62p、GMP-140水平,评估患者治疗前后患者血小板活化功能的变化情况。结果两组心绞痛治疗总有效率比较,研究组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗前CD62p、GMP-140差异均无统计学意义,治疗后两组CD62p、GMP-140均较治疗前降低,但研究组CD62p、GMP-140均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论复方丹参滴丸辅助治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效较好,并且可以有效抑制血小板活化功能的异常,值得应用。     

Using safe,affordable and accessible non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs to reduce the number of HIV target cells in the blood and at the female genital tract

Introduction

At its basic level, HIV infection requires a replication‐competent virus and a susceptible target cell. Elevated levels of vaginal inflammation has been associated with the increased risk of HIV infection as it brings highly activated HIV target cells (CCR5+CD4+ T cells; CCR5+CD4+CD161+ Th17 T cells) to the female genital tract (FGT) where they interact with HIV. Decreased HIV risk has been associated with a phenotype of decreased immune activation, called immune quiescence, described among Kenyan female sex workers who were intensely exposed to HIV yet remain uninfected. Current prevention approaches focus on limiting viral access. We took the novel HIV prevention approach of trying to limit the number of HIV target cells in the genital tract by reducing inflammation using safe, affordable and globally accessible anti‐inflammatory drugs.

Methods

We hypothesized that the daily administration of low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA 81 mg) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ 200 mg) would reduce inflammation thereby decreasing HIV target cells at the FGT. Low‐risk HIV seronegative women from Nairobi, Kenya were randomized for six weeks therapy of ASA (n = 37) or HCQ (n = 39) and tested to determine the impact on their systemic and mucosal immune environment.

Results

The results showed that HCQ use was associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of systemic T cells that were CCR5+CD4+ (p = 0.01) and Th17 (p = 0.01). In the ASA arm, there was a 35% and 28% decrease in the proportion of genital T cells that were CD4+CCR5+ (p = 0.017) and Th17 (p = 0.04) respectively. Proteomic analyses of the cervical lavage showed ASA use was associated with significantly reduced amount of proteins involved in the inflammatory response and cell recruitment at the mucosa, although none of the individual proteins passed multiple comparison correction. These changes were more apparent in women with Lactobacillus dominant microbiomes.

Conclusion

Together, these data indicate that taking low‐dose ASA daily was associated with significant reduction in HIV target cells at the FGT. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for a novel HIV‐prevention approach that reducing inflammation using safe, affordable and globally accessible non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents is associated with significant reduction in the proportion of HIV‐target cells at the FGT.

     

减重代谢手术远期并发症预防及处理

近年来,我国减重代谢手术发展迅速且术式不断改进。但术后并发症却并未因此减少,每一种新术式均会带来新的问题,新的减重中心的成立均可能带来新的考验。随着我国减重代谢手术术后随访时间的延长,一些远期并发症开始逐渐出现。减重代谢外科医生应更加重视术后并发症的预防,而只有对发展中遇到的问题进行分析解决才能有效预防术后并发症的发生。     

减重代谢外科再手术原因分析及处理（附54例报告）

目的 探讨减重代谢外科再手术的原因及手术处理方法。方法 回顾性分析2000年11月至2018年12月暨南大学附属第一医院减重代谢外科收治的54例减重手术后再手术病人的临床资料,分析手术原因和再手术方式选择。结果 再手术原因主要包括体重下降不充分或复胖22例（40.7%）、粘连性肠梗阻5例（9.3%）、肠系膜裂孔疝5例（9.3%）、胃食管反流4例（7.4%）、吻合口漏4例（7.4%）、吻合口溃疡出血并穿孔3例（5.6%）、吻合口狭窄3例（5.6%）、术后腹腔出血3例（5.6%）、糖尿病复发2例（3.7%）、严重倾倒综合征2例（3.7%）、吻合错误1例（1.9%）。再手术方式主要包括Roux-en-Y胃旁路术30例（55.6%）、胃袖状切除术10例（18.5%）、内疝修补术5例（9.3%）、腹腔镜探查止血4例（7.4%）、胃镜球囊扩张术2例（3.7%）、修正复原术1例（1.9%）、GaBP环束带式胃旁路修正术1例（1.9%）、食管裂孔疝修补术1例（1.9%）。随访1~102个月,失访12例（随访率77.8%）,获得随访的42例病人术后均取得良好效果,再手术前症状均得到不同程度缓解。结论 减重代谢外科再手术最常见的原因是术后体重下降不充分或复胖,再手术方式的选择应根据初次手术方式、失败原因以及术中具体情况而定。     

The role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in non‐physiological shear stress‐induced platelet activation

The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in playing an important role in platelet activation during hemostasis and thrombosis involving platelet‐matrix interaction and platelet aggregation. Its role in non‐physiological shear stress (NPSS)‐induced platelet activation relevant to high‐shear blood contacting medical devices (BCMDs) is unclear. In the context of blood cells flowing in BCMDs, platelets are subjected to NPSS (>100 Pa) with very short exposure time (<1 s). In this study, we investigated whether NPSS with short exposure time induces platelet activation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Healthy donor blood treated with or without PI3K inhibitor was subjected to NPSS (150 Pa) with short exposure time (0.5 s). Platelet activation indicated by the surface P‐selectin expression and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa was quantified using flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of Akt, activation of the PI3K signaling, was characterized by western blotting. Changes in adhesion behavior of NPSS‐sheared platelets on fibrinogen, collagen, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were quantified with fluorescent microscopy by perfusing the NPSS‐sheared and PI3K inhibitor‐treated blood through fibrinogen, collagen, and vWF‐coated microcapillary tubes. The results showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling was involved with both NPSS‐induced platelet activation and platelet‐matrix interaction. NPSS‐sheared platelets exhibited exacerbated platelet adhesion on fibrinogen, but had diminished platelet adhesion on collagen and vWF. The inhibition of PI3K signaling reduced P‐selectin expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation with suppressed Akt phosphorylation and abolished NPSS‐enhanced platelet adhesion on fibrinogen in NPSS‐sheared blood. The inhibition of PI3K signaling can attenuate the adhesion of unsheared platelets (baseline) on collagen and vWF, while had no impact on adhesion of NPSS‐sheared platelets on collagen and vWF. This study confirmed the important role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in NPSS‐induced platelet activation. The finding of this study suggests that blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be a potential method to treat thrombosis in patients implanted with BCMDs.     

代谢手术治疗肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征的 meta 分析

目的: 系统评价代谢手术对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征的影响。方法: 检索 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane Library、CNKI 和万方数据库。检索时间为 2000－01 ～ 2017－05。结局指标包括 PCOS、月经周期异常、多毛症、不孕症。结果: 纳入的 19 篇报道中,共纳入接受代谢手术病人共 2716 例,其中女性病人 2274 例。经代谢手术后, PCOS 发生率术前12．27%术后降低为4．76%( 95%CI: 2．14 ～ 9．86,Z = 3．92,P＜0．0001) 。月经周期异常发生率术前34．43%术后降低为10．79%( 95%CI: 5．62～ 26．15,Z= 6．36,P＜0．0001) 。多毛症发生率70．59%降低为21．01%( 95% CI: 3．57～ 31．06,Z= 4．27,P＜0．0001) 。不孕症发生率7．69%术后降低为2．56% ( 95% CI: 1．77 ～ 5．81,Z = 3．85,P = 0．0001) 。结论: 代谢手术可显著改善肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征的临床症状。     

静息心率对代谢综合征的影响

目的 探讨静息心率（RHR）对不同性别健康人群进展为代谢综合征（MS）的影响。方法 选 取2011 年1 月—2012 年12 月聊城市第二人民医院的健康体检者作为研究对象,并进行5 年的随访。采用 Logistic 回归分析不同RHR 水平与MS 发病率的关系。结果 随访5 年后,男性组和女性组MS 发病率随着 RHR 的增快而升高（P <0.05）。对于总人群,随着RHR 每增加1 个单位,MS 的发病风险显著增加,经过年龄、 BMI、健康相关行为及预先存在的MS 组分校正后差异仍有统计学意义[Ol ^ R=1.320,（95% CI ：1.201,1.451）, P =0.000] ;经性别分层后差异仍有统计学意义[ 男性组：Ol ^ R=1.192,（95% CI ：1.040,1.367）,P =0.012 ;女 性组：Ol ^ R=1.409,（95% CI ：1.235,1.608）,P =0.000]。对于总人群,以RHR ＜ 70/min 为参照组,其余3 组 的MS 发病风险均显著增加,且OR 呈递增趋势;经过年龄、BMI、健康相关行为及预先存在的MS 组分校 正后差异仍有统计学意义[RHR ≥ 90/min 组：Ol ^ R=2.327,（95% CI ：1.784,3.037）,P =0.000]。经性别分层 后差异仍有统计学意义[RHR ≥ 90/min 组中男性组：Ol ^ R=1.644,（95% CI：1.148,2.355）,P =0.007];女性组： Ol ^ R=3.375,（95% CI ：2.214,5.146）,P =0.000]。结论 RHR 与MS 有着密切的关联性,随着RHR 的加快, MS 风险逐渐升高,这种影响是独立的,且在女性人群中更为显著。