中医基础理论现状考察论纲

从总体层面扼要回顾了中医基础几十年研究工作状况,总结出目前研究工作7个方面的特征,包括找核心、找特征、找实质、找结合点、找突破口、找切入点、找方法等.提出中医基础理论发展的滞后已成为制约中医药学发展的"瓶颈".针对中医基础理论现状,认为应对理论范畴、研究方向呈现的峰值、研究方法、研究内容分类、研究进展、研究成果、困惑的原因及任务与发展等8个方面进行考察.通过考察为制定本学科的发展规划、把握和调整中医基础理论未来走向、开展课题招标、衡量评估重点学科和学科建设等提供客观依据.     

CT模拟机的质量控制和质量保证检验

虚拟模拟定位过程涉及放射诊断影像、放射治疗计划设计和放射治疗定位等技术.文章主要论述了放射治疗虚拟定位对CT模拟机质量保证工作中影像质量检验和定位精度检验的要求与方法.     

支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术对非小细胞肺癌患者生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术对非小细胞肺癌患者近期生活质量的影响.[方法]采用肺癌治疗功能评价量表FACT-L中文版对33例使用超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者的近期生活质量进行测定,分析介入术前、术后1个月及3个月患者生活质量的变化,并与同期采用全身化疗的30例非小细胞肺癌患者进行比较.[结果]化疗栓塞组术后1、3个月的生活质量评分均较术前明显提高(P＜0.01).与全身化疗比较,化疗栓塞组在临床疗效和提高患者术后生活质量程度方面优于全身化疗组(P＜0.05).与疾病症状和治疗副作用有关的项目评分(分别为生理状况和附加关注)显示,化疗栓塞组在分项评分中同样优于全身化疗组(P＜0.05).[结论]超选择支气管动脉碘油化疗栓塞术比全身化疗更能提高中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的生活质量.     

全胃切除连续间置空肠代胃消化道重建术

[目的]探讨连续间置空肠代胃消化道重建术在全胃切除后的应用价值.[方法]对2000年1月至2002年3月间26例全胃切除连续间置空肠代胃术的临床资料进行分析.[结果]全组病人无手术死亡和吻合口瘘发生.随访12个月至25个月,平均17.4个月.其中钡餐检查11例,代胃容量均在300ml以上,排空时间为30min～120 mm.术后6个月、12个月出现反流性食管炎分别为6例和2例.与术前相比,术后生活质量有所提高.[结论]连续间置空肠代胃术是全胃切除消化道重建的理想术式,手术操作简便省时,可取得较好的生活质量.     

The longitudinal relationship of hemoglobin, fatigue and quality of life in anemic cancer patients: results from five randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in cancer and has been associated with fatigue and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We report the association between hemoglobin and fatigue and the impact of reducing fatigue on several domains of HRQOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: These analyses were based on five randomized trials. Patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) Anemia scales and numeric rating scales of Energy, Activity and Overall Health at baseline and after the 12-week treatment period. t-tests and linear regression models were used to evaluate associations. Analyses were stratified into three groups: solid tumor chemotherapy patients, lymphoproliferative malignancy chemotherapy patients and non-chemotherapy patients. RESULTS: Adjusted mean differences (95% CI) in FACT Fatigue change scores between hemoglobin responders (> or =2 g/dl increase) and non-responders were 3.0 (1.2, 4.7), 2.8 (0.6, 5.0) and 5.8 (2.2, 9.5) among the solid tumor, lymphoproliferative malignancy and non-chemotherapy groups, respectively. Significantly greater improvements (P <0.01) were observed in the FACT well-being scales for patients with meaningful improvement in fatigue (FACT Fatigue change score > or =3 points). After controlling for other factors, patients whose fatigue improved reported substantially greater improvements in energy, ability to perform usual activities and overall health (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Across five trials of cancer patients on and off chemotherapy, hemoglobin response was associated with meaningful improvements in fatigue, which, in turn, was associated with improved physical, functional, emotional and overall well-being.     

Publication rates of abstracts presented at annual scientific meetings: How does the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists compare?

The abstract to publication ratio (APR) is a measure of the quality of scientific meetings. The aim of the present study was to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at annual Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) conferences, and to identify the publishing journals. All free paper research abstracts (oral or poster) presented by RANZCR radiologists, radiation oncologists and trainees at the four consecutive meetings between 1996 and 1999 were identified retrospectively from conference programmes. The PubMed database ( http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govPubMed ) was searched to determine whether or not the abstract had been published as a full paper. Of the 480 free paper research abstracts, 168 (35%) had been published as full articles. The overall abstract to publication ratio for radiology was 29% and for radiation oncology was 41%. Papers were published in a variety of journals but Australasian Radiology accounted for 27%. The mean time between presentation and publication was 16.5 months (median 17 months). These overall abstract to publication ratios are lower than those reported for overseas‐based meetings in each respective area. Guidelines to scientific committees could increase the APR by more rigorous selection of abstracts. Future research should look at barriers to the publication of research findings, and identify ways to assist the publication process.     

Impact of medical and demographic factors on long-term quality of life and body image of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The impact of various medical and demographic factors on the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer patients has been discussed controversially. We investigated the influence of six different factors on long-term QoL and body image of women with primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two-hundred and seventy-four breast cancer patients were administered the QoL questionnaire following a mean interval of 4.2 years after primary diagnosis. All women had been primarily treated for stage I to III breast cancer without evidence of distant metastases. QoL was evaluated by using the QLQ-C30 questionnaire Version 2.0. Supplementary scales included body image, satisfaction with surgical treatment, cosmetic result and fear of recurrence. We analyzed the impact of tumor stage, surgical treatment, adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant cytotoxic therapy, age and length of follow-up period on the examined outcome parameters. RESULTS: At the time of the follow-up examination, patients showed minor impairment of QoL (mean 67.8) and body image (mean 24.8), but more fear of recurrence (mean 60.7). None of the studied factors had a significant impact on overall QoL (P >0.05) according to the QLQ-C30 questionnaire. In contrast, with the exception of the factors 'cytotoxic therapy' and 'radiotherapy' all investigated variables influenced at least one of the additional psychological scales (P <0.05). The primary surgical treatment modality had the strongest impact and affected all four scales. Patients treated with breast conservation reported a more favorable body image, compared to those treated with mastectomy (17.2 versus 37.5, P <0.01), more satisfaction with surgical treatment (4.0 versus 10.7, P = 0.01), rated a better cosmetic result (75.5 versus 57.1, P <0.01), but presented more fear of recurrence (63.9 versus 55.3, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Current QoL questionnaires do not sufficiently cover all relevant aspects of QoL, but might be complemented by breast cancer specific aspects such as body image and fear.     

药材生产标准操作规程相关共性关键技术

通过主持完成科技部中药现代化研究及产业化开发项目“龙胆等三种中药材规范化种植研究”(已通过国家验收 )过程中 ,对在制定相应药材 (龙胆、防风、五味子 )的 SOP时涉及的一些相关共性技术进行了深入探讨。一些共性技术如病虫害有效防治技术、采收及其方法 ,以及质量控制的技术需通过加大中药材相关的基础研究力度方能解决 ,而有一些问题要在应用开发上下功夫。     

中药金安与顺铂诱导小鼠Lewis肺癌凋亡的研究

[目的]探讨中药金安是否能促进顺铂诱导C57BL/6J小鼠Lewis肺癌凋亡。[方法]荷Lewis肺癌的C57BL/6J小鼠分为生理盐水组(NS)、金安组(JA)、顺铂组(DDP)和金安合用顺铂组(DJ),通过检测各组小鼠的体重变化和抑瘤率,应用流式细胞仪和TUNEL法以及提取组织DNA并电泳等方法观察金安合用顺铂对Lewis肺癌的治疗作用。[结果]JA组体重明显增加,DDP组体重先升后降,而DJ组体重则先升后降再回升呈“～”型。各治疗组的抑瘤率分别为40.90%、52.04%和47.83%。流式细胞仪检测各组的凋亡率依次为14.95%、11.68%和14.25%。TUNEL法测定各组的凋亡指数依次是(0.79±1.60)%、(4.00±7.15)%、(5.93±5.96)%、(7.07±10.15)%;DNA提取并电泳在DJ组有DNALadder出现。[结论]金安能增强DDP诱导Lewis肺癌的凋亡作用,并能减轻其毒副作用。     

中医治疗传染性非典型肺炎的优势

通过亲临非典一线临床工作，认识到中医治疗非典的优势是：中医药早期介入后，退热快，症状明显减轻；可避免激素应用或减少用量，纠正激素的副作用；采用活血化瘀、软坚散结等治疗方法，可及早阻止或减轻肺纤维化的形成；祛邪扶正辨证而施，恢复期以益气养阴法为主。