小儿呼气末七氟醚浓度与脑电双频指数的相关性

目的 研究3～12岁患儿呼气末七氟醚浓度(C(ET)Sev)和脑电双频指数(BIS)的相关性.方法 择期全麻手术患儿30例,按照年龄分为3～6岁组(A组)和7～12岁组(B组).两组均给予七氟醚诱导,气管插管后调节C(ET)Sev分别维持在1.5%、2%、3%、4%、5%至少5 min,随后记录BIS、HR、MAP.结果 两组患儿BIS在麻醉诱导后均显著降低(P<0.01).C(ET)Sev在1.5%～3%时,两组患儿BIS均与C(ET)Sev呈负相关,A组回归方程为Y(BIS)=94.683-20.656X(C(ET)Sev)(r=-0.952,P<0.01),B组回归方程为Y(BIS)=93.508-19.943X(C(ET)Sev)(r=-0.926,P<0.01).结论 3～12岁小儿应用七氟醚麻醉时,BIS在一定浓度范围内可用于麻醉深度的监测.     

Intravenous landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in women

Study Objective

To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β₁-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.

Design

Prospective, randomized study.

Setting

University hospital.

Patients

42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.

Interventions

Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.

Measurements

MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.

Main Results

The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).

Conclusions

IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%.     

葡萄糖对光滑球拟酵母发酵生产丙酮酸的影响

在30L发酵罐中研究了初始葡萄糖质量浓度和补料方式对光滑球拟酵母WSH-IP303发酵生产丙酮酸的影响．实验确定116.4g/L左右是较为适宜的初始葡萄糖质量浓度,发酵58h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为58.0g/L和0.516g/g．采用初始葡萄糖质量浓度为53.4g/L,发酵24h分批补料至葡萄糖总质量浓度为115g/L的培养方式,发酵64h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为60.2g/L和0.559g/g;采用初始葡萄糖质量浓度为62.6g/L,发酵24h开始连续补料至葡萄糖总质量浓度为115g/L的培养方式,发酵72h时丙酮酸质量浓度和产率分别为63.3g/L和0.586g/g,与葡萄糖总质量浓度相似(115g/L)的分批发酵相比,丙酮酸产量分别提高了3.8%和9.1%．实验结果表明适宜的初始葡萄糖质量浓度能促进光滑球拟酵母发酵生产丙酮酸;尽管葡萄糖补料培养可适度提高丙酮酸的产量及产率,但生产强度却有所下降．     

超滤法测定表面活性剂临界胶束浓度

对超滤法测定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的单点式超滤法、超滤曲线法、双点式超滤法进行了研究,比较了理想与真实超滤曲线,对超滤膜用于超滤法测定CMC的适用性及容积效应进行了考察.初步探讨了用双点式超滤法代替作超滤曲线法测定CMC的可行性和准确性,并与单点式超滤法进行了比较.试验结果表明,用双点式超滤法测定CMC具有准确性较高、操作简便、节省时间和节约样品用量等优点.用双点法测得的SDS和SLAS的CMC分别为6.70mmol/L和1.40mmol/L;与超滤曲线法得到的CMC相比,偏差分别为2.9%和3.4%.     

Effects of using the posterior or anterior approaches to the lumbar plexus on the minimum effective anesthetic concentration (MEAC) of mepivacaine required to block the femoral nerve: a prospective, randomized, up-and-down study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if psoas compartment block requires a larger concentration of mepivacaine to block the femoral nerve than does an anterior 3-in-1 femoral nerve block. METHODS: Forty eight patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair were randomly allocated to receive an anterior 3-in-1 femoral block (femoral group, n = 24) or a posterior psoas compartment block (psoas group, n = 24) with 30 mL of mepivacaine. The concentration of the injected solution was varied for consecutive patients using an up-and-down staircase method (initial concentration: 1%; up-and-down steps: 0.1%). RESULTS: The minimum effective anesthetic concentration of mepivacaine blocking the femoral nerve in 50% of cases (ED(50)) was 1.06% +/- 0.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45%-1.68%) in the femoral group and 1.03% +/- 0.21% (95% CI, 0.6%-1.45%) in the psoas group (P = .83). The lateral femoral cutaneous and obturator nerves were blocked in 4 (16%) and 5 (20%) femoral group patients as compared with 20 (83%) and 19 (80%) psoas group patients (P = .005 and P = .0005, respectively). Intraoperative analgesic supplementation was required by 15 (60%) and 5 (20%) patients in the femoral and psoas groups, respectively (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Using a posterior psoas compartment approach to the lumbar plexus does not increase the minimum effective anesthetic concentration of mepivacaine required to block the femoral nerve as compared with the anterior 3-in-1 approach, and provides better quality of intraoperative anesthesia due to the more reliable block of the lateral femoral cutaneous and obturator nerves.     

青蒿琥酯诱导瘢痕成纤维细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨青蒿琥酯（artesunate，Art）诱导皮肤瘢痕成纤维细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法取自愿捐献的人耳垂增生性瘢痕，采用组织块贴壁法进行细胞培养。经免疫组织化学染色鉴定后，取第3～5代成纤维细胞，采用含60、120和240mg／LArt培养液各5ml培养作为实验组，仅加入等量的培养液作为对照组。于倒置显微镜及透射电镜观察，采用流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡及细胞周期。另取第3～5代成纤维细胞，实验组采用30、60和120mg／LArt培养液，对照组仅加入等量的培养液，观察细胞内钙离子的变化。结果原代成纤维细胞呈典型的梭形贴壁生长，免疫组织化学鉴定细胞波形蛋白呈阳性表达；倒置显微镜下观察Art在60～240mg／L浓度范围内抑制成纤维细胞生长且呈剂量及时间依赖性，细胞出现凋亡征象；透射电镜观察，各实验组出现染色质浓缩，沿着核膜排列，甚至核碎裂现象。细胞周期分析显示各实验组与对照组比较，凋亡细胞比例、处于G0～G1、S、G2～M期细胞数差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），实验组均出现典型的凋亡峰，且随药物浓度增加，峰值越大。Art在30～120mg／L作用成纤维细胞24h可引起细胞内钙离子浓度持续增加，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论Art通过作用于成纤维细胞周期诱导细胞凋亡，细胞内钙离子浓度升高可能是其诱导成纤维细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

蛙皮素对PC-3细胞骨架及细胞内游离Ca~(2+)的影响

目的:观察蛙皮素(BBS)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞骨架形态及细胞内游离Ca2+([Ca2+]i)浓度的影响。方法:①利用免疫荧光法(IH),结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)检测10-5mol/L浓度BBS处理的PC-3细胞角蛋白(CK)的表达,以反映其对细胞骨架形态的影响;②应用Fluo-3/AM荧光标记技术和LSCM检测不同浓度BBS(10-9、10-7、10-5mol/L)处理的PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度。结果:①10-5mol/L浓度的BBS可促进PC-3细胞CK表达及伪足形成;②BBS可提高PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度,并具有浓度依赖性。结论:实验证明一定浓度的BBS可明显提高PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度及CK表达,进而影响PC-3细胞骨架形态。本研究为探索BBS应用于肿瘤研究以及BBS作用后细胞内信息传递途径提供了基础。     

一种新型抗HIV-1药物筛选方法的建立

目的用细胞共培养和流式细胞仪检测建立新型抗HIV－1药物筛选方法,并判断这种方法在筛选抗HIV－1药物中的应用前景。方法把JLTRG细胞和H9／HTLV－ⅢB细胞按照不同比例共培养24,48,72和96h。在荧光显微镜下观察细胞绿色荧光强度和密度,同时用流式细胞仪测定绿色荧光的表达,并确定培养体系中最佳细胞比例和培养时间。通过选出的最佳条件结合药物半衰期检测恩夫韦肽（T20）和依非韦伦（EFV）的有效性及药物半数抑制量（IC50）。采用HIV－1P24抗原荧光定量PCR法检测病毒载量,并采用Spearman秩相关性分析法判断其与药物浓度及平均荧光强度之间的相关性。结果实验结果显示,JLTRG细胞与H9／HTLV—ⅢB细胞按照10：1的细胞数量比例共培养72h为最佳培养比例和时间。以T20和EFV对共培养体系进行验证,结果显示随着T20和EFV浓度的改变,共培养体系中JLTRG细胞感染HIV－1的程度不同,其IC50分别为10nmol／L和5nmol／L。T20和EFV药物浓度与平均荧光强度以及病毒载量呈负相关（r=－1,－0．986和－1,－l,P〈0．01）;平均荧光强度与病毒载量呈正相关（r=0．986和l,P〈0．01）。结论本研究建立的新型抗HIV一1药物筛选方法具有耗时短、操作方便等优点,可为抗HIV－1药物的筛选提供新的选择。     

The pre-transplant anemic condition is independent of long-term outcome in living-related kidney transplantation

The relationship between pre-transplant Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and long-term outcome of living-related kidney transplantation is far from well addressed. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the medical profile of the patients who received living-related kidney transplantations at our center from January 2006 to January 2013. Patients were divided into two groups: high Hb group (≥10?g/dL) and low Hb group (<10?g/dL). Cox regression model was utilized to analyze the effect of pre-transplant hemoglobin concentration on the patient and graft survival. About 422 patients were of Hb level <10?g/dL (78.30?±?14.18?g/dL), 280 were >10?g/dL (116.2?±?14.43?g/dL) (p?p?=?0.096; and 4.04% vs. 2.14%, p?=?0.165, respectively). Cox regression model revealed that pre-transplant Hb level <10?g/dL was independent of increased overall mortality (HR?=?3.379; 95% CI: 0.706–17.172) and increased death censored allograft failure risk (HR?=?1.556; 95% CI: 0.595–4.069). Pre-transplant Hb concentration <10?g/dL is independent of poor long-term outcome of living-related kidney transplantation.