久泻宁动物毒性试验研究

目的 （1）观察久泻宁一日内小鼠灌胃1～3次后的毒性反应和死亡情况，测定最大耐受量；（2）观察久泻宁给大鼠连续灌胃3个月，对机体产生的毒性反应、严重程度及可逆性，确定无毒剂量。为人拟用量提供参考。方法 （1）久泻宁小鼠灌胃，一日2～3次，观察急性毒性反应．测定最大耐受量；（2）久泻宁高、中、低三个剂量组和一个对照组，大鼠连续灌胃3个月，观察外观行为和体质量变化。试验期结束。每组取1/2动物活杀。检测血常规、血液生化、病理组织；1／2动物停药进行3周的恢复期观察后。同法检测上述指标。结果 久泻宁小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受药量为750g／kg（含生药）。相当临床日拟用量（2．5g／kg）的300倍；大鼠连续3个月灌胃给药的无毒剂量为125g／kg（含生药）．相当临床拟用量50倍。结论 久泻宁无明显毒性，安全范围大。临床日拟用量2.5g／kg、疗程1个月是安全的。     

An Implantable Aortic Valvo-pump for Destination Therapy

To investigate the possibility of a long-term applicable left ventricular assist device, a 23 mm outer diameter and 31 g weight implantable aortic valvo-pump was developed. It consists of a rotor and a stator; the rotor has a driven magnets assemble and an impeller, the stator has a motor coil with iron core and a outflow guide vane. The device locates the position of aortic valve, delivers the blood directly from left ventricle to aorta. Neither connecting conduits nor “bypass” circuits are necessary. Therefore, the device has promisingly better antithrombogenicity than other heart pumps. In hemodynamic testing, the pump can produce a blood flow of 7 l/min volume with 50 mmHg pressure increase at 15,000 rpm rotating speed, and at zero flow rate the pump can maintain a diastolic pressure over 80 mmHg at same rotating speed. For further studies the blood compatibility and the durability of the device are of most importance.     

强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者胰岛素脱离与否相关因素分析

目的比较强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者在脱离胰岛素治疗和继续胰岛素治疗时的临床特点,分析脱离胰岛素的相关因素。方法统计66例入院的2型糖尿病患者的患病时间,检测开始胰岛素强化治疗、治疗过程、治疗结束时的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)、体重指数(BM I)、胰岛素用量,观察脱离胰岛素所需时间。结果34例患者脱离胰岛素治疗,32例继续治疗,两组患者在年龄、治疗开始时间、BM I、HbA1 c差异均无统计学意义,而患病时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),脱离时的胰岛素用量和HbA1 c比继续治疗患者显著减低(P<0.01)。结论患病时间长短是胰岛素脱离与否的重要因素,胰岛素投入量及HbA1 c数值对脱离胰岛素与否有积极作用。     

木贼对大白鼠实验性高脂血症的影响及急性毒性实验研究

实验结果表明,木贼高,低剂量组,安妥明组均有显著阻止高脂饲料升高大白鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯作用,表明木贼对大白鼠实验性高脂血症有防治作用。急性毒性实验表明其毒性很低。     

马杜霉素渣抗球虫的效果

测定了马杜霉素渣中铅、砷、镉、铬的含量及对小白鼠的毒性和对鸡的抗球虫性能。试验结果：马杜霉素渣中铅含量１．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，砷含量小于１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，镉含量１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，铬含量２６ｍｇ／ｋｇ；马杜霉素渣对小白鼠的ＬＤ５０为３５４．６５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，比马杜霉素毒性大。马杜霉素渣的抗球虫指数为１７３～１７５．１，属中等强度抗球虫药。以上结果表明，马杜霉素渣可以作为抗球虫药应用，但应用时要防止中毒的发生。     

Response of astrocytes to experimental herpetic infection

Research Institute of Children's Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg. Institute of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 11, pp. 548–551, November, 1992.     

胰腺分裂与慢性胰腺炎的病因学关系及发病机制

目的:探讨胰腺分裂(PD)在慢性胰腺炎病因学中的作用及其发病机制。方法:将32只犬随机分为4组(每组8只)。Ⅰ组:部分结扎背-腹胰管间的交通支。Ⅱa组:切断并结扎交通支。Ⅱb组:在背胰管注入小乳头前2mm处将其切断并结扎断端。Ⅲ组:假手术对照组,除不结扎交通支外,其余操作同上。于手术前检测各组犬血清磷脂酶(PLA2)和淀粉酶(Ams)活性及背、腹胰管基础压并在胰泌素激发后15、30、45、60和90分钟各测压一次。于术后180天再行胰胆管测压和造影并观察背、腹胰和十二指肠乳头的病理改变。结果:⑴Ⅰ、Ⅱa组和Ⅱb组术后5-80天血清PLA2和Ams活性显著升高。⑵处死时Ⅰ、Ⅱa组腹胰管和Ⅱb组背、腹胰管压力在激发后30-60分钟显著高于注药前(P<0.01);在60分钟后,前两组压力恢复到术前水平(P>0.05),而Ⅱb组仍较高(P<0.05),该组压力在90分钟后恢复正常。⑶光镜:Ⅱb组犬背、腹胰小叶间或/和胰管周围显著纤维组织增生,腺细胞结构破坏和炎细胞浸润。Ⅰ和Ⅱa组腹胰见轻度上述改变。⑷电镜:Ⅰ、Ⅱa组腹胰和Ⅱb组背、腹胰腺细胞粗面内质网脱颗粒、融合和扩张。酶原颗粒减少,线粒体肿张。Ⅰ和Ⅱa组背胰及Ⅲ组背、腹胰未见异常。结论:PD是慢性胰腺炎的病因学因素之一,其引发胰腺炎的机制是在胰液分泌的高峰期副乳头功能性梗阻。     

克隆特含漱液毒性实验研究

目的探讨克隆特会激液对实验动物的毒性反应。方法小鼠灌胃给药、大鼠局部给药，连续观察14d内动物的毒性反应；将克隆特含激浪涂数干实验动物的完整和破损皮肤上，观察局部刺激作用、皮肤过敏反应；将克隆特含激法0．1ml缓慢注入明道内，每日一次，连续1wk，观察用道粘膜组织有无充血、水肿现象。结果克隆特合漱液小鼠灌胃30ml·kg-1体重（含甲硝吐150mg）无毒性反应；局部用药量为5ml·kg-1体重（合甲硝唑25mg）亦未出现毒性反应；对皮肤及明道粘膜无明显刺激作用，亦未见皮肤过敏反应。结论克隆特合漱法局部用药较安全。     

Super-reactivity to amphetamine toxicity induced by schedule of reinforcement

The chronic exposure of rats to a schedule of operant water reinforcement coupled with chronically restricted access to water sensitized the animals to intermittentd-amphetamine injections (0.31–2.5 mg/kg with intervals of 12–23 days between any two injections) in such a way that this drug came to produce catastrophic losses of body weight (32.4% of control levels). In the sessions whend-amphetamine was administered, the rats were also given a total of 12 brief electric shocks. Loss of body weight was unaccompanied by parallel changes in operant behavior performance, or in food or water intake. Remarkably, in other studies with the same interventions (sham schedule sessions, water deprivation, and foot shocks), with the exception that reinforcers were never delivered,d-amphetamine did not produce catastrophic falls in body weight. This super-reactivity tod-amphetamine toxicity may be mediated by a possible stressor action of the schedule of reinforcement. Its mechanism might be analogous to the known sensitization produced by classical experimental stressor stimuli to the repeated administration ofd-amphetamine.     

Disturbed behaviour in dementia sufferers: A comparison of three nursing home settings

In order to determine whether a specialist psychogeriatric nursing home was fulfilling its intended role of caring for the most behaviourally disturbed dementia sufferers, 24 of its demented residents were compared with 28 demented individuals discharged from a psychiatric unit to ordinary nursing homes and 30 mobile dementia sufferers in nursing home wards of a geriatric centre. Those in the psychogeriatric nursing home showed more disturbed behaviours than those in the other two settings. Scores on the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly were compared with degree of cognitive impairment for the first time in the literature and showed no correlation with degree of cognitive impairment for the first time in the literature and showed no correlation with congnitive performance.