《金匮要略》痈脓辨治探讨

回顾《内经》相关理论，指出痈脓病机关键在于气血凝滞、经络阻塞、脏腑失和，可分期论治。总结《金匮要略》治疗痈脓的方法，认为痈脓应尽早治疗，防邪深入；并根据证情辨证使用清热解毒，活血消散；排除脓毒，泄浊于外等治法。对现代临床仍具实用价值。      

米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的临床应用

目的 探讨米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的应用效果。方法 选取西安交通大学附属3201医院2012年1月—2017年12月收治的138例中晚期妊娠引产患者，按引产方式分为对照组、观察组，各69例。对照组使用乳酸依沙吖啶注射液进行引产，观察组在对照组的基础上联合使用米索前列醇进行引产。比较两组引产效果、胎儿娩出时间、阴道出血量及不良反应的发生情况。结果 观察组引产有效率是100%，显著高于对照组的91.75%（P<0.05）。观察组胎儿娩出时间<35 h的人数占比显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者阴道出血量显著低于对照组（P<0.05），两组不良反应的发生率间差异不显著。结论 米索前列醇联合依沙吖啶在中晚期妊娠引产中的效果较好，可显著提高引产有效率、缩短胎儿娩出时间，值得临床应用。     

In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation and Hepatic Clearance-Dependent Underprediction

Accurately predicting the hepatic clearance of compounds using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is crucial within the pharmaceutical industry. However, several groups have recently highlighted the serious error in the process. Although empirical or regression-based scaling factors may be used to mitigate the common underprediction, they provide unsatisfying solutions because the reasoning behind the underlying error has yet to be determined. One previously noted trend was intrinsic clearance-dependent underprediction, highlighting the limitations of current in vitro systems. When applying these generated in vitro intrinsic clearance values during drug development and making first-in-human dose predictions for new chemical entities though, hepatic clearance is the parameter that must be estimated using a model of hepatic disposition, such as the well-stirred model. Here, we examine error across hepatic clearance ranges and find a similar hepatic clearance-dependent trend, with high clearance compounds not predicted to be so, demonstrating another gap in the field.     

肝癌介入术治疗患者术中应用心理护理的效果

目的研究在肝癌介入术治疗患者中应用心理护理干预的临床价值。方法本文数据计算目标是2018年1月-2019年6月的60例肝癌介入术治疗患者,以随机数字表法的形式进行分组研究,常规组(n=30)开展一般护理干预,心理组(n=30)开展心理护理干预,比较心理组与常规组肝癌介入术治疗患者临床护理情况。结果心理组肝癌介入术治疗患者治疗后临床护理满意度、焦虑评分、抑郁评分与常规组比较,两组治疗后肝癌介入术治疗患者焦虑评分、抑郁评分与治疗前比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论将心理护理干预应用在肝癌介入术治疗患者中可提升护理满意度。     

上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构《医疗美容管理办法》知晓情况调查

目的了解上海市黄浦区社会办医疗美容机构的管理人员和医师对《医疗美容管理办法》相关内容的掌握情况,发现存在的问题并提出改善建议.方法采用现场调查与现场问卷调查相结合的方式,对在上海市黄浦区开展医疗美容科目的所有社会办医疗机构(共计38家)进行全覆盖现场调查,并对其中的管理人员41人、相关医师31人进行问卷调查.结果38家社会办医疗美容机构中,美容外科和美容皮肤科的开展率较高,分别为96.8%和97.2%,而美容牙科开展率为52.4%,美容中医科开展率最低(25.0%).管理人员关于非主诊医师可在主诊医师指导下工作的知晓率仅68.3%.关于美容外科、皮肤科、中医科、牙科主诊医师应具备的工作年限,管理人员答对率为90.2%,医师答对率为72.0%,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论社会办医疗美容机构中的二级科目设置需进一步优化,以减少资源空置.应加强对医疗机构管理人员和医师的法律培训,改变经营模式,制定明确的准入与退出机制,从而减少违法违规行为的发生.     

Clinical implications,diagnosis,and management of diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases

Diabetes mellitus(DM) negatively affects the development and progression of chronic liver diseases(CLD) of various etiologies. Concurrent DM and CLD are also associated with worse clinical outcomes with respect to mortality, the occurrence of hepatic decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Unfortunately, early diagnosis and optimal treatment of DM can be challenging, due to the lack of established clinical guidelines as well as the medical complexity of this patient population. We conducted an exploratory review of relevant literature to provide an up-to-date review for internists and hepatologists caring for this patient population. We reviewed the epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between DM and CLD, the impact of insulin resistance on the progression and manifestations of CLD, the pathogenesis of hepatogenic diabetes, as well as the practical challenges in diagnosis and monitoring of DM in this patient population. We also reviewed the latest clinical evidence on various pharmacological antihyperglycemic therapies with an emphasis on liver disease-related clinical outcomes. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for managing DM in patients with CLD and discussed the clinical and research questions that remain to be addressed.     

Contextualizing the lived experience of quality of life for persons with spinal cord injury: A mixed-methods application of the response shift model

Objective: The objective of this study was to gain greater insight into individuals’ quality of life (QOL) definitions, appraisals, and adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: A mixed-methods design, applying the Schwartz and Sprangers response shift (RS) model. RS is a cognitive process wherein, in response to a change in health status, individuals change internal standards, values, or conceptualization of QOL

Setting: Community-dwelling participants who receive medical treatment at a major Midwestern medical system and nearby Veterans’ Affairs hospital.

Participants: A purposive sample of participants with SCI (N?=?40) completed semi-structured interviews and accompanying quantitative measures.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Outcome Measures: Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis to identify themes. Analysis of variance were performed to detect differences based on themes and QOL, well-being, and demographic and injury characteristics.

Results: Four RS themes were identified, capturing the range of participant perceptions of QOL. The themes ranged from complete RS, indicating active engagement in maintaining QOL, to awareness and comparisons redefining QOL, to a relative lack of RS. Average QOL ratings differed as a function of response shift themes. PROMIS Global Health, Anxiety, and Depression also differed as a function of RS themes.

Conclusion: The RS model contextualizes differences in QOL definitions, appraisals, and adaptations in a way standardized QOL measures alone do not.