小儿围手术期利多卡因连续硬膜外镇痛与芬太尼静脉镇痛的比较

目的:对小儿患者全麻联合硬膜外麻醉及术后镇痛与全麻后芬太尼静脉给药镇痛效果进行比较.方法:将91例行下肢手术的小儿患者随机分为硬膜外利多卡因组(n=61)及静脉芬太尼组(n=30).在手术过程中,控制呼气末安氟醚浓度,使患儿血压及心率变化范围维持在术前数值的10%以内.术后6,24 h,测定家长视觉模拟量表(PVAS)、目标疼痛评分(OPS)、恶心及呕吐的发生率.结果:硬膜外利多卡因组安氟醚用量显著低于静脉芬太尼组(P＜0.05).硬膜外利多卡因组6 h后目标疼痛评分(OPS)显著低于静脉芬太尼组.6,24 h后硬膜外利多卡因组家长视觉模拟量表(PVAS)评分显著低于静脉芬太尼组.两组术后恶心及呕吐发生率没有显著差异.结论:全麻联合硬膜外麻醉与单独全麻相比呼气末安氟醚浓度显著降低.小儿术后,持续硬膜外自控镇痛与芬太尼静脉自控镇痛相比,患儿硬膜外自控镇痛术后疼痛评分显著降低,两组均无严重并发症.     

系数倍率法测定膀胱镜检表面麻醉剂中盐酸利多卡因的含量

目的：研究不经提取直接测定膀胱镜检表面麻醉剂中盐酸利多卡因的含量。方法：采用系数倍率法，选择测定的波长为270nm和280nm。结果：盐酸利多卡因线性关系良好，r=0．9993,，平均回收率为100．1％。结论：该方法可靠、简便、准确，可作为医院制剂的质量控制。     

Strong antioxidant activity of carane derivatives

Oxidants play a significant role in causing oxidative stress, which underlies the pathogenesis of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. The processes associated with inflammatory responses are complex and often involve reactive oxygen species. There are many mediators that initiate and amplify the inflammatory response such as histamine, serotonin and metabolic products of arachidonic acid (thromboxane, prostaglandins and leukotrienes). In the present study, we examined the antioxidant activity of carane derivatives – KP-23 and its optical isomers – that possess strong local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant effects (expressed as Trolox Equivalent Antioxidants Capacity, TEAC) were observed for one of the optical isomers of carane, a derivative of propranolol – KP-23R. The relative scavenging effect (%R) of ABTS⁺ by KP-23S, KP-23R and standards measured at 30 min was the following, listed in decreasing order: tetracaine > KP-23S > KP-23R > procaine > lignocaine > benzocaine (99, 85, 80, 38, 21 and 20%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mM). The IC₅₀ values also show strong antioxidant properties of the investigated KP compounds (ranging between 11–18 mM) and tetracaine (6.2 mM) compared to other local anesthetics (129–348 mM). Moreover, monoterpene derivatives were more effective as antioxidants than propranolol diastereoisomers (280–528 mM). We found that carane derivatives, in contrast to propranolol diastereoisomers, serve as potent antioxidants by scavenging radicals     

国产利多卡因对兔角膜内皮细胞影响的实验研究

目的：通过检查不同浓度国产利多卡因对兔角膜内皮细胞的影响,确定其用于前房麻醉的可行性及适用浓度。方法：注入药液30min后检查中央角膜内皮细胞,以面积变异系数、六角形细胞百发率、细胞密度3个参数为分析指标。结果：面积变异系数和六角形细胞百分率在2％与1％利多卡因组有显著性差异（分别为P＜0.001,P＜0.01）,在1％组与对照组无显著性差异（分别为P＞0.01,P＞0.05）。细胞密度3对比无明显差异。结论：国产1％利多卡因用于前房麻醉是安全可行的。     

Effect of low-dose lidocaine on MEPs in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection with propofol anesthesia: A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-dose lidocaine on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection with propofol anesthesia.Methods:Forty patients who underwent intracranial tumor resection and required MEP monitoring were selected. They were randomly divided into the lidocaine group (group L, n = 20) and the control group (group C, n = 20) by computer-generated randomization. All patients were given propofol anesthesia under the guidance of the bispectral index. In group L, 1 mg/kg of lidocaine was injected intravenously during anesthesia induction. Then, lidocaine was continuously pumped at a speed of 1 mg/kg/h until the operation started. Group C was given an equal volume of normal saline. Heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure (MAP), and bispectral index were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0), 2 minutes after tracheal intubation (T1), and 35 minutes (T2), and 50 minutes (T3) after anesthesia induction. The amplitude and latency of MEP at T2 and T3, the total dosage of propofol after anesthesia induction, and adverse events before T3 were recorded.Results:Compared with those in group C, HR and MAP were significantly decreased at T1 in group L. No significant differences were observed in HR and MAP at T0, T2, and T3 between group L and group C. The total dosage of propofol and the incidence of adverse events were significantly lower in group L than in group C before T3. There were no significant differences in the amplitude and latency of MEP between the 2 groups at each time point.Conclusions:Low-dose lidocaine has no obvious effect on MEP in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection. However, it increased hemodynamic stability, reduced propofol use, and decreased the incidence of adverse events.     

利多卡因对大鼠海马锥体神经元GABA_A-Cl~-电流的影响

目的　研究利多卡因对大鼠海马锥体神经元全细胞γ 氨基丁酸介导的氯电流 (GABA Cl-电流 )的影响 ,及其中枢致惊厥作用的可能机制。方法　酶解急性分离 2周龄左右大鼠海马锥体神经元 ,采用全细胞膜片钳技术 ,记录利多卡因对单个海马锥体神经元GABA Cl-电流的影响。结果　将钳制电位固定在 - 6 0mV ,GA BA以剂量依赖性方式诱导出内向电流 ;利多卡因明显抑制GABA诱导的Cl-电流 (IGABA) ,5 0 %抑制浓度 (IC50 )为 4 .0 5mmol/L ,10mmol/L可使GABA浓度效应曲线明显右移 ,5 0 %有效浓度 (EC50 )由 7.72mmol/L增加到17.2mmol/L ,且最大电流明显降低。结论　利多卡因以非竞争性的方式 ,抑制海马锥体神经元GABAA Cl-电流 ,可能是其中枢致惊厥作用的机制。     

静脉输注利多卡因在无痛结肠镜检查中的临床应用

目的 观察静脉输注利多卡因在无痛结肠镜检查中的临床效果,探讨其有效性和安全性.方法 选择在该院接受无痛结肠镜检查的患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为3组:舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚组(S组)、利多卡因复合丙泊酚组(L组)和单纯丙泊酚组(P组),每组30例.采用双盲法分别给予每组患者相应药物,持续监测并记录给药前(T0)、睫毛反射...     

正交试验设计法优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方

目的优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方。方法采用预试验法确定乳化剂,采用正交试验设计法筛选基质处方,以单硬脂酸甘油酯、白凡士林、甘油、液体石蜡为考察因素,以乳膏的外观性状和稳定性为评价指标,以综合打分的方式确定乳膏的最佳基质处方并进行验证试验。结果复方利多卡因乳膏的最佳基质处方为1000g乳膏中含硬脂酸100g,三乙醇胺20g,单硬脂酸甘油酯50g,自凡士林50g,甘油80g,液体石蜡80g,验证试验综合得分均〉95分,考察指标结果达到要求。结论优选的复方利多卡因乳膏基质处方合理,制剂成品质量稳定。     

双氯芬酸钠/盐酸利多卡因治疗中重度偏头痛疗效观察

目的:探讨双氯芬酸钠/盐酸利多卡因治疗中重度偏头痛的临床疗效.方法:将53例偏头痛患者分为两组:双氯芬酸钠/盐酸利多卡因(奥尔芬)治疗组,阿司匹林治疗组.于治疗前后采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)测定患者疼痛程度进行疗效比较.结果:双氯芬酸钠/盐酸利多卡因治疗组疗效优于阿司匹林治疗组(p＜0.01).结论:双氯芬酸钠/盐...     

利多卡因微乳的制备及电镜观察

目的考察构成利多卡因微乳各组分的比例并进行制备。方法绘制伪三元相图考察不同Km(表面活性剂／助表面活性剂)值对利多卡因微乳区形成的影响,根据微乳区面积大小选择制备利多卡因微乳的最佳Km值,测定利多卡因微乳的粒径大小及粒径分布范围,测定利多卡因微乳的理化特性,对利多卡因微乳的形态及体系类型进行电镜观察。结果当Km=3时伪三元相图形成的微乳区面积最大,利多卡因微乳平均粒径为(29．8±14．4)nm,其中98％的粒径范围位于15．1-45．5 nm之间．2％的粒径范围位于77．9-261．3 nm之间;25℃恒温下利多卡因微乳的粘度为25 mPa·S,电导率为130 μs／cm,折光率为1．473,利多卡因微乳为水包油(O／W)型微乳,利多卡因微乳体系为大小不均的球形多分散体系。结论通过伪三元相图法可以得到理想的利多卡因微乳各组分比例范围,马尔文粒径测定结合透射电镜分析对观察并测定微乳的粒径、分布、形态及体系类型效果较理想。