青年人群血清甲_3型流感抗体检测和流行株的抗原性分析

采集４５０例战士血清标本，分别用国家代表株甲３／济防／１５／９０（Ｈ３Ｎ２）和甲３／北京／３２／９２（Ｈ３Ｎ２）作血清血凝抑制抗体测定，青年对甲３型抗体阳性率为６０％～６７％，其ＧＭＴ为３４～４５。１９９４～１９９５年两年中在军营人群中分离到３株Ｈ３Ｎ２毒株流行株，分别应用国际、国家和地方代表株作抗原性分析，证明流行株与它们之间抗原性有明显差异。本文分离到的３株流行株均上送国家流感中心鉴定，证实为Ｈ３Ｎ２亚型毒株。     

全身麻醉插管术后院内获得性肺部感染探讨

全身麻醉气管插管术后下呼吸道感染具有较高发生率。分析５２６例手术时间超过４小时普外科病例，经ｕ检验发现全身麻醉气管插管术后患者肺部感染率明显高于持续性硬膜外麻醉术后患者，影响因素主要与全麻插管用具及麻醉机消毒情况有关，也与术前存在慢性阻塞性肺部疾患和术后保留气管插管有关。降低全麻术后肺部感染应重视无菌操作，尽可能对麻醉机管道进行常规消毒。     

激光液与654-2联合治疗轮状病毒性肠炎的疗效观察

目的：为评价激光辐射葡萄糖液（简称激光液）与６５４—２联合治疗轮状病毒所致婴幼儿腹泻的疗效。方法：用ＥＬＩＳＡ一步法检查大便轮状病毒阳性２岁以下的腹泻患儿１３２例，随机分为治疗组６３例（激光液与６５４—２联合治疗）和对照组６９例（常规治疗）。结果：治疗组总有效率９０．５％，明显高于对照组５２．２％，两者比较有显著意义（ｘ２＝３４．３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：激光液与６５４—２联合应用是治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎安全有效的方法。     

医药团结合作 建设放心药房

总结了全国放心药店现场交流会后,全国各地放心药房建设的情况。强调了建设放心药房工作的意义,指出建设放心药房是中医医疗机构精神文明建设的重要部分,是落实中央指示,加强药品管理的具体行动,是加强中医医疗机构内涵建设的重要内容,是保证中医医疗质量的关键环节。对进一步做好放心药房建设工作提出了要求:规范进货行为,把好药品进货关;不断深化改革,加强内部管理;认真贯彻国家有关法规,继续整治药品回扣违法行为;加强医药团结合作,建立稳定的供需关系;加强领导,务求实效,使“放心药房”建设深入持久地开展下去。     

关于放射治疗科室的组建

论述了医院组建放射治疗科室进行可行性分析时应考虑的因素,从技术设施、诊疗室与住院病房等方面介绍了放射治疗科的基本组建要求。     

旅店室内空气甲醛污染对从业人员健康影响的调查报告

本文以甲醛平均浓度为０．０５８ｍｇ／ｍ３的高级宾馆为接触组和平均浓度为０．０２０ｍｇ／ｍ３的普通招待所为对照组，对其从业人员的健康状况进行调查比较，结果表明：接触组的眼、鼻、咽刺激征、呼吸道症状、头晕、疲劳感、皮肤干燥、月经不调、多汗等自觉症状阳性检出率明显高于对照组，差异具有显著性。提示，旅店业甲醛污染对从业人员健康的影响不能忽视。改善室内环境、降低空气中甲醛浓度，对于保护人体健康具有重要意义。     

丙酸睾丸酮加强米非司酮终止50～68天早孕的研究

为探讨丙酸睾丸酮(简称丙睾)加强米非司酮终止50～68天早孕的作用,本文以68例丙睾、米非司酮、卡孕栓(PG05)药物流产为加丙睾组,30例米非司酮、卡孕栓药物流产为对照组,比较其临床效果及药效机制。临床两组间比较,加丙睾组完全流产率95.59%,对照组为76.67%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01),加丙睾组流产后出血天数为11.17天,对照组15.39天,少于对照组(P<0.05)。从流产物病理及组化改变上观察,对照组有绒毛水肿、滋养层细胞变性、坏死,周围有糖蛋白包绕,蜕膜轻度坏死。加丙睾组除有上述绒毛病变外,突出的改变是蜕膜细胞连同滋养层柱细胞大量坏死,残存的蜕膜细胞间的胶原纤维肿胀、变性,并有网状纤维破坏。结果显示序贯应用该三种药,对终止50～68天早孕确有高效。并皆作用于受体,系分子水平药物,有广阔发展前景。     

COPD患者营养状况与生活质量的关系

观察５６例男性慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者的体检营养指标，并分析其与生活质量的关系，实测体重占理想体重的百分比和生活质量测评表中的日常生活能力，社会活动情况，抑郁心理障碍等项评分有显著相关性（Ｐ〈０．０５），上臂中点肌肉臂围与日常生活能力和社会活动情况的评分的相关也有统计学意义（Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示改善ＣＯＰＤ患者的营养状况对提高生活质量有重要意义。     

Relative weight of glucose, insulin and parathyroid hormone in the urinary loss of phosphate by chronically diabetic rats

This report deals with the relationships between glucose (G) and insulin on the tubular transport of phosphate (P) in chronically diabetic rats with high plasma levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Alloxan-induced diabetes leads to phosphorus depletion of the soft tissues. This phenomenon appears associated with weight loss and negative P balances caused by the increased urinary P excretion. Administration of 2 IU of insulin/100 g body weight (bw) to diabetic rats normalized their P balance and body weight. The effect of parathyroid function on the P metabolism of diabetic rats was investigated with balance experiments. Diabetic rats, intact or thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX), have a greater urinary excretion of P than their controls. However, in control rats, the ratio intact:TPTX for urinary P is 1.0:0.76, showing the antiphosphaturic effect of parathyroid ablation. For diabetic animals, on the other hand, the ratio is 1.0:1.44. The simultaneous deficit of insulin and PTH thus quadruples the urinary P loss, instead of compensating for each other. The contribution of insulin deficit and hyperglycemia to the defect in tubular reabsorption (TRP) was investigated with clearance experiments (done on anesthetized, perfused rats). Five experimental groups were used: Controls (C), diabetics (D), controls+glucose (C+G), diabetics+insulin (D+I) and diabetics+insulin+glucose (D+I+G). All experimental groups showed a linear relationship between the TRP of P and G. The regression equation for C is significantly different (F=40.1, P<0.001) from that of D animals. The slope value measure the number of μmoles of P per μmol of G reabsorbed. For C and D rats, the ratio P:G approximates 1:4 and 1:20, respectively. The increase in P:G ratios represents the competition between both substrates for tubular resorption. Glycemias up to 11 mM (C and D+I) exist concurrent with the P:G ratio 1:4. Glycemias above 25 mM (D, C+G and D+I+G) produce a P:G ratio of 1:20. Fractional excretion of P (FEP) increased significantly in untreated, chronically diabetic rats (0.47± 0.12 vs controls=0.05±0.01, P<0.001). After a single intramuscular injection of insulin, the FEP decreased as a function of insulin levels. To normalize the FEP of diabetic rats in short-term experiments, insulin had to be administered in doses that produce plasma insulin levels 25 times greater than normal. The general information afforded by the present experiments shows that in untreated, chronically diabetic rats, insulin deficit plays an indirect role. The absence of PTH enhances the effect of hyperglycemia. The latter and the concurrent tubular overload of glucose are the cause of hyperphosphaturia in these animals. Received: 10 September 1996 / Accepted in revised form: 18 April 1997