角膜移植术式的重大变化趋势

角膜移植手术是治疗多种角膜疾病的有效方法，有时是唯一方法。能否正确选择手术时机和手术方式，对于治疗效果至关重要。因手术技术的改进、对感染性角膜病较早采用板层角膜移植且疗效肯定、对穿透性角膜移植术后植片慢性失功等问题的发现、研究和认识，以及免疫排斥反应仍是角膜移植早期失败的主要原因，所以传统观念上穿透性角膜移植和板层角膜移植的适应证发生巨大变化，对传统的适应证提出了新的挑战。     

前房气体介导下的深板层角膜移植术

目的 探讨前房气体介导下可重复切的深板层角膜移植术的临床疗效.方法 对41例(41只眼)行此改良的深板层角膜移植术.其中角膜炎反复发作所致混浊累及深层基质者22只眼、化学伤或热烧伤所致混浊累及深层基质者12只眼、完成期圆锥角膜4只眼、累及深层基质的角膜营养不良2只眼及角膜变性1只眼.术后以裂隙灯显微镜观察患眼角膜植片的转归、原眼表疾病的预后、角膜层间的透明度、新生血管的侵入、后弹力层破口的闭合、视力和眼内炎性反应的情况.结果 在41只患眼中,有31只眼完整的暴露了后弹力层,有6只眼的部分基质瘢痕与后弹力层不能完整分开;另4只眼在分离近中央部深层基质和后弹力层时,发生穿孔.术后有1只眼发生了严重的前房毒性反应.随访期内无其他严重并发症发生.结论 前房气体介导下手法分次切的深板层角膜移植术安全有效.     

干燥法保存角膜材料在板层角膜移植术中的疗效观察

目的评价干燥脱水法保存的角膜材料在板层角膜移植术中的疗效。方法保存角膜片选自我院符合临床标准的、无水氯化钙硅胶干燥贮存罐内的、复水后透明完整角膜片159片。病例来源于我院眼表角膜病区行板层角膜移植的住院患者159例，包括感染性角膜溃疡、睑球粘连性血管翳性角膜白斑、角膜化学及热灼伤、复发性翼状胬肉、角膜边缘变性和不明原因角巩膜自溶等病例，分别进行了不同术式的板层角膜移植术。结果保存角膜复水合格率为89．83％，一次手术成功145眼，治愈率91．20％。结论用干燥法保存的角膜材料进行板层角膜移植术成功率高。用干燥脱水法保存角膜材料不受特殊条件限制，方法简便且相对安全。     

微波提取法对槟榔中槟榔碱的提取率的影响

目的探讨提高槟榔中槟榔碱提取率的方法。方法用微波提取法提取槟榔碱,用薄层扫描仪检测以考察方法的可行性。结果槟榔碱的提取率明显提高。结论本方法具有快速、省时、节能等诸多优点,可适用于槟榔碱的工业化大生产。     

DRAINING PUS FROM THE CORNEA

Thirteen patients with varying grades of suppurative keratitis were studied with regard to their response to keratoplasty. In all patients there was a rapid improvement in symptoms and signs. In eight of the 13 there was restoration at least of previous function: one patient lost all vision due to secondary closed-angle glaucoma, because he refused further surgery. Corneal graft opacification occurred in three eyes; one other became partially opaque; whilst in a fourth, the lamellar graft remained clear while the original autograft failed. At last follow-up, all eyes were normotensive and free of symptoms. Keratoplasty should assume an important part of the management of suppurative keratitis, from both theoretical and practical considerations.     

In situ Structural Characterization of Semi‐Crystalline Polymer Latex Particles by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering

Summary: The inner structure of polyurethane latex particles has been studied in situ using small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). From contrast variation SAXS measurements evidence could be given that the dispersed particles are semi‐crystalline. The semi‐crystalline structure gives a strong contribution to the measured intensities in an intermediate range of scattering vectors. This contribution, which is independent of the adjusted contrast, could be separated and the long period of the lamellar structure could thus be determined quantitatively to 11 nm. In addition, it was found that the particles exhibit a core‐shell structure which arises from electron‐rich acid groups that are preferentially located at the particle surface.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) picture of the PUR particles.     

咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮的超微结构

目的观察咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮的超微结构。方法取4例健康人咽鼓管咽口的组织做透射电镜标本，观察黏膜上皮的超微结构。结果咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，由纤毛柱状细胞、无纤毛柱状细胞、分泌细胞、中间细胞和基底细胞等组成，这些细胞的基部均贴附在基底膜上。可见亮颗粒分泌细胞。各类细胞可见表面活性物质板层体。黏膜下见弹性纤维和胶原纤维构成弹性纤维带。结论咽鼓管咽口黏膜上皮为假复层纤毛柱状上皮，可见亮颗粒分泌细胞，各类细胞可见板层体存在，分泌表面活性物质，弹性纤维带维持和形成咽鼓管咽口。     

Improved topical treatment of lamellar ichthyosis: a double-blind study of four different cream formulations

Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is characterized by generalized scaling of the skin and is often resistant to ordinary emollients. Recently, Locobase(R) fatty cream containing a mixture of 5% lactic acid and 20% propylene glycol (LPL) was found to be markedly effective in a pilot study. To consolidate this finding, a double-blind study comparing LPL with the corresponding mixture in Essex(R) (Diprobase(R)) cream (LPE) and Locobase(R) fatty cream containing either 5% urea or 20% propylene glycol was conducted in 20 patients with LI. Before and after applying the creams twice daily on each of the four extremities for 4 weeks, the following investigations were performed: scoring of xerosis, scaling and erythema, measurements of skin hydration (capacitance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and moulding of the skin surface (replicas). Xerosis was reduced by all four creams, but significantly more so by LPL (P < 0.001) and LPE (P < 0.01). Scaling was only reduced by LPL (P < 0.001) and LPE (P < 0.01), which also caused a slight increase in the erythema score (P < 0.05 for both). The patients' weekly evaluation of symptoms showed that LPL produced the most rapid effect: the response rate after 4 weeks was 63%. Skin hydration and TEWL were both significantly increased by LPL and LPE, whereas skin roughness was reduced most by LPL. Fourteen patients preferred LPL over the other cream formulations. Ten patients continued using LPL for up to 8 weeks with good results and no side-effects other than occasional irritation in the skin folds. LPL is a major advance in the topical treatment of LI that suits most patients. Some patients, however, seem to prefer the more hydrophilic LPE formulation. Both formulations effectively reduce hyperkeratosis and xerosis, but may cause slight irritation and adversely affect the epidermal barrier function.     

犬急性出血性胰腺炎时Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞板层体体视学的研究

本文报道了对犬实验性急性出血性胰腺炎(P组)与加用氯喹(PI组)时Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的板层小体体视学形态定量的研究。结果发现:P组板层小体的体积密度(Vv),表面积密度(Sv)及数密度(Nv)分别较对照组下降29.06％,30.28％,及40.75％;其Sv及Nv分别较PI组减少23.8％和30.26％。结果提示:并发于急性出血性胰腺炎的肺损伤以肺泡表面活性物质系统受损为一重要的表现形式。板层小体数目显著减少,一定程度影响到肺泡的表面张力,从而造成肺不张。肺损伤与磷脂酶A_2的作用有关;氯喹在维持板层小体的数量方面可能有一定的作用。