国产T-Free假体行全膝关节表面置换临床疗效

目的评价应用国产T-Free假体行人工全膝关节表面置换术(TKA)的临床疗效。方法采用国产TFree假体(后稳定固定平台型假体,PS型)行TKA治疗39例膝骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎患者(41膝)。按HSS评分标准进行膝关节疼痛、关节活动度、畸形三方面的评价。结果 39例均获得随访,时间12~30个月。膝关节功能HSS评分术前为(39.1±8.5)分,术后12个月为(89.2±10.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用国产T-Free假体行TKA能纠正患者下肢屈曲、力线畸形,消除行走疼痛,减少伸膝受限,重建膝关节稳定性,具备高屈曲度功能,近期疗效显著。     

膝内翻对踝关节接触特征影响的有限元分析

目的应用有限元分析的方法研究膝内翻不同角度对踝关节接触特征的影响。方法利用逆向建模技术,将正常成人志愿者右下肢三维CT数据在Mimics 10.0、Geomagic 7.0软件中对相关组织进行重建,将三维模型导入Hypermesh 10.0软件中进行网格划分,利用其Morph功能改变股胫角分别生成0°、5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°膝内翻模型,在Abaqus 6.9中添加受力工况,进行有限元分析。结果建立的下肢三维有限元模型,共75 230个节点、204 745个单元。0°模型胫距关节总接触面积为264.65 mm2,接触应力主要分布在前内、前外、后外3个象限。在10°模型中,前外、后外2个象限的接触应力明显减小,前内及后内象限的接触应力显著增大,与0°模型比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。30°模型与0°模型比较,接触应力区的图形相似,应力值差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。与0°模型比较,应力区中心曲线在10°模型中内移约2.44 mm,20°模型中外移约3.47 mm,30°模型外移4.26 mm。在20°模型中外踝-距骨接触面的应力值为1.67 MPa,至30°模型该应力值增大至3.42 MPa。结论膝内翻不仅影响膝关节的应力分布,而且使胫距关节峰值应力增大、外移,足底部出现代偿性外翻,诱发创伤性关节炎及扁平足。     

关节镜下治疗膝关节内肿物

正2010年1月~2015年1月,我们采用关节镜下治疗58例膝关节内肿物患者,疗效良好,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料病例资料来源于沈阳军区总医院骨科。本组58例(68膝),男35例,女23例,年龄19~60岁。其中滑膜软骨瘤病15例(18膝);半月板囊肿15例(15膝);色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎17例(24膝);腱鞘巨细胞瘤11例(11膝)。1.2治疗方法全身麻醉或腰硬联合     

连续股神经阻滞联合硬膜外吗啡镇痛在老年患者全膝关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下连续股神经阻滞(CFNB)联合单次硬膜外腔吗啡镇痛在老年患者全膝关节置换术(TKA)中的应用。方法 80例行单侧全膝关节置换术的老年患者,男35例,女45例,年龄60~79岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机均分为两组:CFNB复合硬膜外吗啡组(FNM组)和CFNB组(FN组)。手术缝合切口时,FNM和FN组经硬膜外导管分别注入0.1%吗啡2ml和生理盐水2ml。手术结束后两组均于超声引导下行0.2%罗哌卡因CFNB。分别记录术后24、48、72、96h时静息状态、主动和被动功能锻炼时VAS评分及患肢被动弯曲度;观察两组患者术后第5天的活动情况和满意度。结果术后24hFNM组静息状态时、主动锻炼和被动锻炼时VAS评分明显低于,膝关节弯曲度明显大于FN组(P0.05或P0.01);FNM组患者术后第5天下床活动评分明显高于,术后满意度评分明显低于FN组(P0.05)。结论超声引导下CFNB联合硬膜外吗啡早期镇痛可明显改善老年患者TKA术后镇痛,康复效果佳。     

Multiple injections of leukoreduced platelet rich plasma reduce pain and functional impairment in a canine model of ACL and meniscal deficiency

Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is used to treat many musculoskeletal disorders. We used a canine model to determine the effects of multiple intra‐articular injections of leukoreduced PRP (ACP) on anterior cruciate ligament healing, meniscal healing, and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). With Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) approval, 12 dogs underwent partial ACL transection and meniscal release in one knee. At weeks 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 after insult, dogs were treated with intra‐articular injections (2 ml) of either ACP (n = 6) or saline (n = 6). Dogs were assessed over 6 months to determine comfortable range of motion (CROM), lameness, pain, effusion, kinetics, and radiographic and arthroscopic assessments. At 6‐month endpoint, dogs were assessed for ACL material properties and histopathology. Saline‐treated dogs had significantly (p < 0.04) more CROM loss, significantly (p < 0.01) more pain, significantly (p < 0.05) more severe lameness, significantly (p < 0.05) lower function, and significantly (p < 0.05) lower %Total Pressure Index in affected hindlimbs compared to ACP‐treated dogs. Radiographic OA increased significantly (p < 0.01) over time within each group. Arthroscopically, saline‐treated knees showed moderate to severe synovitis, further ACL disruption, and medial compartment cartilage loss, and ACP‐treated knees showed evidence of ACL repair and less severe synovitis. ACL material properties in ACP‐treated knees were closer to normal than in saline‐treated knees, however, the differences were not statistically significant. ACL histopathology was significantly (p< 0.05) less severe in ACP‐treated knees compared to saline‐treated knees. Five intra‐articular injections of leukoreduced PRP had beneficial effects for ACL healing, improved range of motion, decreased pain, and improved limb function for up to 6 months in this model. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:607–615, 2016.     

国人股骨远端旋转轴线的影像学研究及其临床意义

目的 :探讨全膝关节置换术中股骨远端旋转轴线的临床应用价值。方法 :成年国人86例(106膝),男47例(53膝),女39例(53膝);左54膝,右52膝。应用CT垂直于股骨机械轴对股骨远端进行薄层扫描,将获取的通过股骨远端内外上髁的横断面CT图像输入电脑,标识、测量前后轴线(APL)与外科髁上轴(STEA)的外侧夹角(ATA),APL与后髁轴线(PCL)的外侧夹角(APA),APL的垂线(APLP)与PCL的夹角(A-PA),后髁角(PCA),髁扭转角(CTA),CTEA与STEA之间的夹角(CSA)。按性别和侧别分组,分析各角度两组间差异,比较CTA、A-PA、PCA、PT角(胫骨平台内翻角)、常数3°之间以及ATA、APA与常数90°间差异,分别对A-PA、PCA与CTA行线性回归分析,用直线回归评定STEA、CTEA、PCL、APL及APLP之间的相关程度。结果:ATA平均(89.79±1.22)°,APA为(84.84±1.83)°,A-PA为(5.16±1.83)°,PCA为(4.80±1.23)°,CTA为(8.23±1.40)°,CSA为(3.45±0.68)°,以上各角度除CSA性别间差异有统计学意义外,余角度在性别和侧别间差异均无统计学意义。PT角、PCA及A-PA间差异无统计学意义,但分别与CTA、常数3°比较,差异均有统计学意义。常数90°与ATA比较差异无统计学意义,与APA比较差异有统计学意义。PCA与CTA、PCA与A-PA、A-PA与CTA均存在明显相关性。STEA与CTEA、STEA与APL、PCL与STEA均明显相关。APLP和APL均与PCL相关,PCL与CTEA无明显相关性。结论:国人TKA中,股骨后髁的外旋截骨角度应为5°,方能获得更满意的股骨假体旋转对线。STEA与CTEA是两条性质完全不同的轴线,不能以平行于CTEA作为旋转力线的参考标志,国人股骨远端旋转轴之间的可靠性,分别为STEA﹥APL﹥PCL,STEA是股骨远端旋转轴线中最可靠的定位标志。     

游泳运动员膝关节损伤康复中本体感觉训练的应用

目的:探讨本体感觉训练在运动员膝关节损伤后康复中的作用。方法:膝关节损伤游泳运动员18人,均为非手术治疗。在康复训练中强化本体感觉训练,分别于康复前及康复3个月后进行患侧与健侧膝关节位置觉测试和膝关节功能总体评分。结果:康复治疗初期运动员位置觉测试中患膝位置重现平均偏差为(8.03±1.66)°,康复治疗3个月末为(7.65±1.36)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);健侧康复治疗初期为(7.63±1.38)°,康复治疗3个月末为(7.62±1.34)°,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);康复治疗初期,患侧平均偏差大于健侧(P<0.01),康复治疗末期,患侧偏差与健侧比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。康复治疗末期膝关节Lysholm评分和不稳定单项评分较康复治疗初期显著提高(P<0.01)。结论:在康复治疗中强化本体感觉训练能够促进膝关节位置觉以及关节稳定性的恢复。     

Patellofemoral morphometry in patients with idiopathic patellofemoral pain syndrome

Purpose

To compare clinical and computed tomography (CT) measures in extension, 20° and 30° of flexion of symptomatic knees of patient with idiopathic patellofemoral pain syndrome with the contra lateral asymptomatic knee.

Materials and methods

Knees of 52 consecutive patients with idiopathic patellofemoral pain were studied with CT. In 28 patients this condition was unilateral and asymptomatic knee was used as control; 76 knees were symptomatic.

Results

In patients with idiopathic patellofemoral pain we found a greater Q angle and internal condylar facet width in symptomatic knees with regard to asymptomatic knees.

Conclusion

Greater Q angle and medial condylar facet can lead to overpressure on the medial knee compartment during maneuvers that increase contact between patella and medial condylar facet, such as knee flexion and squatting, contributing to development of idiopathic patellofemoral pain.     

Genesis Ⅱ与PFC两种假体全膝关节置换术后膝前痛的比较研究

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术后膝前痛与髌骨置换及假体设计的关系,GenesisⅡ与PFC两种股骨假体与髌骨之间的友好性.方法 回顾性分析由同一组高年资医生施行初次全膝关节置换术的145例(145膝)骨关节炎患者的临床资料.均采用后十字韧带替代型全膝关节假体,髌骨置换74例,其中32例使用GenesisⅡ假体、42例使用PFC假体;髌骨未置换71例,其中38例使用GenesisⅡ假体、33例使用PFC假体.术后评估美国特种外科医院(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分、髌骨评分、髌骨功能评分、膝关节活动度、膝前痛评分、满意度和X线片上髌骨倾斜和半脱位情况.结果 随访144例,随访时间21～43个月,平均33个月.术后膝前痛发生率:髌骨置换组与未置换组的差异无统计学意义,组内使用GenesisⅡ假体与PFC假体的差异有统计学意义.使用PFC假体者4例再次手术.功能评分:髌骨置换组及髌骨未置换组中使用GenesisⅡ假体与PFC假体术后HSS评分、活动度、满意度的差异均无统计学意义,而术后髌骨评分及髌骨功能评分的差异有统计学意义.结论 术后膝前痛的发生率与是否置换髌骨无关,而与假体设计有关;GenesisⅡ假体与髌骨的关系更加友好.