异甘草素抑制RANKL/RANK/TRAF6信号通路对骨质疏松大鼠成骨细胞分化的影响

目的 探究异甘草素对骨质疏松(OP)大鼠成骨细胞分化的影响是否与调控核因子-κB受体活化体配体(RANKL)/核因子-κB受体活化体(RANK)/肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)信号通路有关。方法 采用去势法建立绝经后OP大鼠模型,造模2周后将大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性组(戊酸雌二醇0.09 mg/kg)、异甘草素低(10 mg/kg)、中(20 mg/kg)、高(40 mg/kg)剂量组,每组10只,另取10只大鼠作为假手术组。给药结束后采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、雌二醇(E₂)水平;Micro-CT扫描观察骨微结构指标;HE染色观察股骨组织病理学;免疫组化法检测大鼠股骨Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)蛋白表达;Western Blot法检测大鼠股骨RANKL、RANK、TRAF6蛋白表达。结果 与模型组比,阳性组与异甘草素各剂量组大鼠骨组织病变明显减轻,可见新生骨小梁;ALP[(107.94±9.83)U/L、(75.27±7.51)U/L、(89.35±9.14)U/L、(106.33±10.02)U/L比(53.79±5....     

Antidiarrheal activity of extracts and compound from Trilepisium madagascariense stem bark

Objective:

The present study was performed to evaluate the preventive and curative antidiarrheal effects of the methanol extract, fractions and compound from the stem bark of Trilepisium madagascariense in rats.

Materials and Methods:

The methanol extract from the stem bark of T. madagascariense, its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous residue) and compound (obtained from further column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction) were evaluated for the antidiarrheal activity in rats. These test samples (at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for the extract and fractions and 2.5 mg/kg for compound) were assayed on the latent periods, purging indices and fecal frequencies in castor oil-induced diarrhea. Gastrointestinal transit and castor oil-induced enteropooling assays were conducted. Shigella-induced diarrhea was assayed. Blood chemistry and fecal Shigella load were examined.

Results:

The fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanol extract of T. madagascariense afforded a known compound [isoliquiritigenin (1)]. Compound 1 increased the latent period of diarrhea induction (179.40 min) compared to the saline control (60.80 min). The purging indices, fecal frequencies and intestinal enteropooling decreased with an increase in the dose of test samples. The blood cell counts, sera creatinine and fecal Shigella load decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the plant extract-treated rats compared to the saline control.

Conclusion:

The results of our study, being reported for the first time, provide clear evidence that the methanol extract, fractions and isoliquiritigenin from T. madagascariense stem bark possess antidiarrheal activities.     

查尔酮异甘草素类化合物的合成及其对子宫颈癌细胞的抑制作用

目的 设计并合成查尔酮异甘草素类化合物,并评价其抗子宫颈癌活性。方法 利用Claisen-Schmidt反应原理,通过微波固相合成5种目标化合物,并进行结构表征。以SiHa(人子宫颈鳞癌细胞)和HeLa(子宫颈癌细胞)细胞株作为体外模型,利用MTT法考察目标化合物对宫颈癌细胞增殖的抑制活性,利用流式细胞仪测定目标化合物对宫颈癌细胞促凋亡作用。结果与结论 快速高效合成了5个查尔酮异甘草素类化合物,其结构经¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR谱确认。目标化合物能有效抑制宫颈癌细胞增殖,促进宫颈癌细胞凋亡。     

HPLC测定逍遥丸中甘草苷、异甘草素和甘草酸的含量

目的 建立测定逍遥丸中甘草苷、异甘草素和甘草酸含量的方法。 方法 色谱柱：Shim-packVP-ODS(150 mm× 4.6 mm,5.0 μm)。流动相：甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸梯度洗脱;流速1 mL·min^-1;检测波长0～7 min为276 nm,7～18 min为370 nm,18 min以后为254 nm。 结果 甘草苷的线性范围是0.018 40～0.368 0 μg(r=0.999 8,平均回收率为97.96%,RSD为0.60%);异甘草素的线性范围是0.015 2～0.304 0 μg(r=0.999 9,平均回收率为97.17%,RSD为1.02%);甘草酸的线性范围是0.441 8～8.835 0 μg (r=0.999 9,平均回收率为97.52%,RSD为1.06%)。 结论 所建立的方法简便可行、重复性好,可用于逍遥丸的质量控制。     

甘草黄酮类成分对Caco-2细胞P-糖蛋白功能和表达的影响

目的 研究甘草黄酮类成分对Caco-2细胞P-糖蛋白（P-gp）功能和表达的影响,探讨甘草解毒的作用机制。方法 采用流式细胞仪检测经甘草黄酮类成分处理后Caco-2细胞对罗丹明123摄取量的影响,以评价P-gp的外排功能;采用Western blotting法检测甘草黄酮类成分对Caco-2细胞P-gp表达的影响。结果 与对照组相比,甘草总黄酮5、10、50、100 μg/mL作用Caco-2细胞1 h后,使细胞内罗丹明123的荧光强度分别减少61.1%、56.3%、49.2%、45.4%;甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素、芹糖基甘草苷、芹糖基异甘草苷在相同质量浓度,使细胞内罗丹明123的荧光强度减少了19.3%～37.9%。与对照组相比,甘草总黄酮10～400 μg/mL给药后72 h,使Caco-2细胞膜上P-gp的表达显著增加（P＜0.01）;甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、芹糖基甘草苷5～400 μmol/L,异甘草素、芹糖基异甘草苷10～400 μmol/L对此也有显著作用（P＜0.01）。结论 甘草黄酮类成分增强Caco-2细胞P-gp的功能,上调P-gp的表达,促进细胞内有毒物质的外排,减少有毒物质在肠道的吸收,这可能是甘草配伍其他中药的解毒机制之一。     

异甘草素抗肿瘤新型给药系统的研究进展

异甘草素是甘草中的黄酮类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等药理作用,近年来在抗肿瘤领域备受关注。研究发现异甘草素具有广谱高效的抗肿瘤活性,但因其水溶性差、生物利用度低、非特异性靶向等缺点而限制了临床的广泛应用,新型给药系统的出现有望改善异甘草素的溶解度、提高生物利用度、降低不良反应等,具有良好的应用前景。通过对近年来国内外文献中关于异甘草素的理化性质、抗肿瘤药理活性及其纳米粒、脂质体、聚合物胶束等抗肿瘤新型给药系统研究进展的梳理,为异甘草素新型给药系统在肿瘤治疗领域的发展与应用提供参考与借鉴。     

异甘草素与光甘草定抗肿瘤转移作用比较

目的:观察异甘草素和光甘草定对肿瘤细胞体外迁移能力以及血管内皮细胞管腔形成能力的影响,比较2种药物的抗肿瘤转移能力.方法:以20,40,60,80,100,120μmol·L-异甘草素和光甘草定作用于小鼠黑色素瘤B16F1细胞和血管内皮细胞(ECV304),干预48 h,磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)法检测细胞增殖.划痕实验评价B16F1和ECV304细胞体外迁移能力,明胶酶电泳和酶联免疫法(ELISA)测基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的活性和表达量,吖啶橙/溴化乙锭(AO/EB)双荧光染色以及血管内皮细胞管腔样结构形成实验评价血管新生能力.结果:异甘草素和光甘草定均能显著抑制B16F1细胞和ECV304细胞增殖,且呈明显的剂量依赖性,但光甘草定对B16F1细胞的抑制率低于异甘草素.80 μmol·L-时,异甘草素与光甘草定的愈合面积分别为19.1％和27.2％,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05),药物组与对照组相比均能降低基质金属蛋白酶-2(MM P-2)分泌与表达,药物组能显著降低血管内皮细胞迁移和管腔形成能力.光甘草定对B16F1细胞迁移,MMP-2分泌与表达,以及对ECV304细胞官腔形成的抑制能力低于异甘草素.结论:异甘草素和光甘草定都均具有抗肿瘤转移活性,80μmol·L-时,光甘草定抗肿瘤转移作用弱于异甘草素.     

酸水解前后甘草中4个黄酮类化合物含量的变化

目的:建立甘草提取物中4个活性成分甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素和异甘草素的测定方法,并评价酸水解法对4个黄酮类化合物含量测定的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,分别测定乌拉尔甘草乙醇提取液和酸水解提取液中4个活性成分的含量。色谱柱为Agilent HC-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,流动相为pH 3甲酸溶液-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速0.8 mL.min-1,甘草苷和甘草素检测波长为276 nm,异甘草苷和异甘草素的检测波长为370 nm,柱温为25℃(室温)。结果:乌拉尔甘草乙醇提取液中甘草苷、异甘草苷、异甘草素占原药材的质量百分数分别为1.29%,0.33%,0.01%,因药材中甘草素含量过低,未检出;酸水解提取液中甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素占原药材的质量百分数分别为0.71%,0.32%,0.26%,0.11%。结论:酸水解法能显著提高甘草素和异甘草素的含量测定值。     

Isoliquiritigenin,a flavonoid from licorice,blocks M2 macrophage polarization in colitis-associated tumorigenesis through downregulating PGE2 and IL-6

M2 macrophage polarization is implicated in colorectal cancer development. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid from licorice, has been reported to prevent azoxymethane (AOM) induced colon carcinogenesis in animal models. Here, in a mouse model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis induced by AOM/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), we investigated the chemopreventive effects of ISL and its mechanisms of action. Mice were treated with AOM/DSS and randomized to receive either vehicle or ISL (3, 15 and 75 mg/kg). Tumor load, histology, immunohistochemistry, and gene and protein expressions were determined. Intragastric administration of ISL for 12 weeks significantly decreased colon cancer incidence, multiplicity and tumor size by 60%, 55.4% and 42.6%, respectively. Moreover, ISL inhibited M2 macrophage polarization. Such changes were accompanied by downregulation of PGE₂ and IL-6 signaling. Importantly, depletion of macrophages by clodronate (Clod) or zoledronic acid (ZA) reversed the effects of ISL. In parallel, in vitro studies also demonstrated that ISL limited the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages with concomitant inactivation of PGE₂/PPARδ and IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Conversely, exogenous addition of PGE₂ or IL-6, or overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 reversed ISL-mediated inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization. In summary, dietary flavonoid ISL effectively inhibits colitis-associated tumorigenesis through hampering M2 macrophage polarization mediated by the interplay between PGE₂ and IL-6. Thus, inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization is likely to represent a promising strategy for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.