Vagal Nerve Activity Recording in the Awake Condition for the Control of an Artificial Heart System

To detect useful information for an artificial heart control system, we paid attention to the autonomic nervous system. For stable recording, we used vagal nerve activity in chronic animal experiments using healthy adult goats in an awake condition because this nerve was sufficiently bold and large enough. Vagal nerve discharges were successfully recorded from awake goats. They were synchronized with respiration and responded to the hemodynamic changes induced by drug administration, suggesting that they may provide useful information for an artificial heart control algorithm. For automatic control, some time delay plays a vitally important role. Thus, predictive control for an artificial heart system may be desirable. It may be embodied by the use of autonomic nerve information.     

CD95 ligand is expressed in Reed–Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease

Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and their mononuclear variants, Hodgkin's (H) cells, are considered to be the neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's disease (HD). The cellular origin of H-RS cells remains the subject of considerable controversy, although most recent papers have claimed that H-RS cells are of B cell origin. Recently, however, it has been reported that some H-RS cells express granzyme B, as observed in cytotoxic T cells and/or natural killer cells, which also express CD95 ligand (FasL/APO-1L). In the present study, the expression of CD95L and granzyme B in H-RS cells of HD was investigated. CD95L was detected in H-RS cells in five of nine HD cases (one case of lymphocyte-rich classical HD, two of these cases of nodular sclerosis type, and two of four cases of mixed cellularity type). All three examined HD cell lines expressed CD95L in the cytoplasm, although cell surface expression was seen only in L428 cells. Three HD cases expressed both CD95L and granzyme B. It was concluded that CD95L is frequently expressed in H-RS cells, which is one of their notable characteristics; albeit it seems to be irrespective of cell lineage.     

运动心脏结构可复性的研究

为了进一步探讨运动心脏结构与功能的可复性问题及其与病理心脏的本质差异,通过实验动物模拟运动心脏,观察了停止运动训练8周后心脏重量和某些超微结构的变化,并应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜与新一代钙荧光指示剂Fluo-3/AM负载方法对心肌活细胞内具有生物活性的游离钙的动态变化进行了研究.结果显示,经过12周耐力训练后,心肌活细胞内游离钙浓度静息值无显著性改变,心肌收缩时其游离钙浓度峰值较对照组显著增高11%(P＜0.05);心肌细胞内心房特殊颗粒的体密度、面密度及数密度分别显著增高41%、12%及5%;心肌细胞线粒体体密度及其与肌原纤维比值分别显著增高60%和61%,线粒体内膜和嵴体积密度显著增高18%;心肌毛细血管与肌纤维的比值显著增高78%;心肌毛细血管腔体密度和面密度分别显著增高28%和13%.停止训练8周后,心肌收缩时其胞内游离钙浓度峰值较训练时显著降低14%(P＜0.05);心肌细胞内心房特殊颗粒的体密度显著降低25%;心肌细胞线粒体体密度及其与肌原纤维比值分别显著降低25%和36%,线粒体内膜和嵴体积密度显著降低11%;心肌毛细血管与肌纤维的比值分别显著降低29%.心肌毛细血管腔体密度和面密度分别显著降低14%和12%,基本恢复到正常对照水平.研究结果表明,运动心脏超微结构和胞内钙产生了良好的适应性改变,心肌收缩时收缩结构钙可获得量增多,构成运动心脏收缩性、氧化代谢及自分泌功能增强的重要机制.停训后运动心肌细胞内游离钙,心房特殊颗粒,心肌线粒体及毛细血管结构适应性改变的消退证实运动心脏结构与功能改变具有可复性.     

小鼠神经生长因子的细胞内免疫组织化学阳性反应定位

用免疫组织化学方法对小鼠神经组织和非神经组织中神经生长因子的分布进行了定位观察。实验结果表明 :(1)神经生长因子免疫反应主要局限于神经组织 ,尤其是神经元 ;非神经组织除颌下腺的颗粒曲管外基本上都呈阴性反应 ;(2 )在神经元 ,神经生长因子定位于细胞核与细胞质但以胞核为主 ,少量位于胞质靠近细胞膜的部位 ;(3 )雄性小鼠颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞的NGF主要定位于分泌颗粒的界膜区。神经生长因子在胞内定位的精确性和分布的多样性 ,为进一步研究其作用机制和信号传导提供了重要线索     

3通道运动动态心电图对冠状动脉病变的预测价值

为评价运动动态心电图对冠状动脉病变的预测价值,对照观察１７１例患者的冠状动脉造影和运动动态心电图检查。结果显示：运动动态心电图ＳＴ压低幅度、持续时间、出现阵次均与冠状动脉狭窄程度、冠状动脉病变范围相关,运动动态心电图ＭａＶＦ、ＭＶ５均有阳性改变者,诊断冠状动脉病变较肯定。提示３通道运动动态心电图对冠状动脉病变具有重要预测价值。     

Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors activate local GABA inhibitory inputs to serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the synaptic currents induced by bath-applied serotonin (5-HT) in 5-HT cells of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and to determine which 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate these effects. In rat brain slices, 5-HT induced a concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in 5-HT neurons recorded intracellularly in the ventral part of the DRN (EC₅₀: 86 μM); 5-HT also increased IPSC amplitude. These effects were blocked by the GABA_A receptor antagonist, bicuculline (10 μM) and by the fast sodium channel blocker, TTX, suggesting that 5-HT had increased impulse flow in local GABAergic neurons. DAMGO (300 nM), a selective μ-agonist, markedly suppressed the increase in IPSC frequency induced by 5-HT (100 μM) in the DRN. A near maximal concentration of the selective 5-HT_2A antagonist, MDL100,907 (30 nM), produced a large reduction (70%) in the increase in IPSC frequency induced by 100 μM 5-HT; SB242,084 (30 nM), a selective 5-HT_2C antagonist, was less effective (24% reduction). Combined drug application suppressed the increase in 5-HT-induced IPSC frequency almost completely, suggesting involvement of both 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2C receptors. Unexpectedly, the phenethylamine hallucinogen, DOI, a partial agonist at 5-HT_2A/2C receptors, caused a greater increase (+334%) in IPSC frequency than did 5-HT 100 μM (+80%). This result may be explained by an opposing 5-HT_1A inhibitory effect since the selective 5-HT_1A antagonist, WAY-100635, enhanced the 5-HT-induced increase in IPSCs. These results indicate that within the DRN–PAG area there may be a negative feedback loop in which 5-HT induces an increase in IPSC frequency in 5-HT cells by exciting GABAergic interneurons in the DRN via 5-HT_2A and, to a lesser extent, 5-HT_2C receptors. Increased GABA tone may explain the previous observation of an indirect suppression of firing of a subpopulation of 5-HT cells in the DRN induced by phenethylamine hallucinogens in vivo.     

磁共振结合微电极记录技术定位治疗帕金森病

目的：探讨磁共振扫描（ＭＲＩ）定位结合微电极记录技术在帕金森病（ＰＤ）立体定向手术治疗中的作用。方法：ＭＲＩ定位结合微电极记录技术,定向毁损法治疗ＰＤ２７０例,分析术中靶点更换,手术治疗效果和并发症发生情况。总结应用体会。结果：ＭＲＩ定位结合应用微电极记录技术,ＰＤ的立体定向外科手术治疗疗效优良,并发症少,无永久性并发症：脑内出血发生率为１．８６％,结论：ＭＲＩ定位结合微电极记录技术提高了ＰＤ的手     

丁咯地尔抑制NE和Glu引起的单个脑细胞游离钙增高

目的：研究丁咯地尔对去甲肾上腺素(NE)和谷氨酸(Glu)引起大鼠单个脑细胞内游离钙增高的影响。方法：应用AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统测量细胞内游离钙([Ca2+]i)。结果：细胞外钙为1．3 mmol·L,丁咯地尔0．1,1．0,1 0．0μmol·L-1对细胞静息[Ca2+]i无明显影响,对NE诱导的[Ca2+]i增高明显抑制,对Glu诱导的[Ca2+]i增高具有一定的抑制作用。结论：丁咯地尔能抑制NE和Glu引起的单个脑细胞游离钙增高。     

Silmitasertib-induced macropinocytosis promoting DDP intracellular uptake to enhance cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Cisplatin (DDP) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug applied for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The anticancer activity of DDP is tightly linked to its intracellular uptake. It is unwise to increase the DDP intake by increasing the dose or shortening the dosing interval because of the severe systemic toxicity (nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neurotoxicity) in DDP application. The main uptake pathways of DDP include passive diffusion and active transporter transport. Therefore, finding additional uptake pathways that can improve the effective intracellular concentration of DDP is critical. Macropinocytosis, an endocytic mechanism for extracellular material absorption, contributes to the intracellular uptake of anticancer drugs. No research has been conducted to determine whether macropinocytosis can augment the intracellular uptake of DDP in OSCC cells or not. Based on that, we proved for the first time that silmitasertib (previously CX-4945) could trigger macropinocytosis, which may increase the intracellular uptake of DDP and enhance apoptosis via in vivo and in vitro experiments. We hope that our findings will inspire a new approach for the application of DDP in cancer treatment.     

Characteristics of bioimpedance-determined fluid shifts according to intradialytic blood pressure difference

This study was designed to identify the fluid spaces that are most changed during ultrafiltration (UF) according to intradialytic blood pressure (BP) difference. BP data were collected five times (before hemodialysis [HD] and 1–4 h of HD). Intradialytic BP difference was calculated as the highest minus lowest of these BP measurements. Intradialytic systolic BP (SBP) difference over 20 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) difference over 10 mm Hg were defined as wide intradialytic SBP difference (SYS-W) and DBP difference (DIA-W), respectively. We measured the various fluid spaces before HD and 1–4 h of HD, and 30 min after HD using a portable, whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). In this study, 85 prevalent patients aged over 18 years with a fixed dry weight (65.38 ± 12.45 years, 54.18% men, 52.50% patients with diabetes), undergoing HD had participated. 1) Mean relative reduction of extracellular water (ECW) was significantly higher in SYS-W than in narrow intradialytic SBP difference (SYS-N) patients from 1 h to 30 min after HD. 2) Mean relative reduction of intracellular water (ICW) was significantly lower in DIA-W than in narrow intradialytic DBP difference (DIA-N) patients from 1 h to 30 min after HD. 3) ECW of patients with SYS-W was significantly lower than that of patients with SYS-N. Patients with SYS-W have the characteristics of fluid shifts in which reduction of ECW was steeper than patients with SYS-N whereas fluid shifts of ICW were lower in patients with DIA-W than patients with DIA-N.