猪粪饲养家蝇幼虫的营养成分研究

目的 :分析猪粪饲养家蝇 (Muscadomestica)幼虫的营养成分。方法 :引种野生家蝇 ,用猪粪饲养幼虫 ,收获 3期老熟幼虫 ,测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸构成及微量元素含量 ,用粮食与农业组织 世界卫生组织 (FAO WHO)提出的参考蛋白模式评价 ,并与麦麸饲养的幼虫及鱼粉比较。结果 :每公斤猪粪平均可产(0 13± 0 0 4)～ (0 2 0± 0 12 )kg鲜蛆 ,鲜蛆烘干比为 1∶0 31± 0 12 ,粗蛋白 42 36 %～ 5 2 33 % ,必须氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的 45 10 % (E % ) ,必须氨基酸与非必需氨基酸总量的比值 (E/N)为 0 82 ,E % /T为 3 0 1,脂肪酸含量为 13 73 %～ 16 83 % ,油酸、亚油酸及亚麻酸等必需脂肪酸分别为 36 99% ,7 6 1%和 0 35 % ,Fe 2 91 5mg/kg ,Cu 87 5 5mg/kg ,Zn 2 46 8mg/kg ,Mn 2 49 45mg/kg ,比麦麸饲养幼虫更接近参考蛋白模式 ,营养价值优于鱼粉。结论 :猪粪饲养的家蝇幼虫比麦麸饲养的幼虫更接近参考蛋白模式 ,营养价值优于鱼粉     

新感与伏邪学说研究

新感与伏邪学说是温病发病学的主要内容。在系统回顾温病新感、伏邪学说学术渊源的基础止,深入分析其涵义与特点,并对历代有关伏邪学说的学术争鸣进行了归类、汇总,进而提出对新感伏邪学说的研讨应着重于临床实际,分析不同类型温病的病变机理,探讨其演变规律及防治方法。     

Classification of heart failure in population based research: An assessment of six heart failure scores

Several scores based on symptoms and signs have been developed to assess the presence of heart failure. The goal of this study was to compare six heart failure scores in non-hospitalised subjects and to determine their usefulness in population based research. The scores were applied to 54 participants of a population based study. All underwent a complete medical examination, including chest X-ray, electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Using all information available, a cardiologist, unaware of the results of the scores, clinically classified participants as having no, possible or definite heart failure. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver operating characteristics were calculated, using the cardiologist's assessment as a gold standard. The cardiologist judged definite or possible heart failure to be present in 17 persons. All scores had a high sensitivity for the detection of definite heart failure, whereas the study of men born in 1913 and Walma's score had the highest sensitivity for the combination of possible and definite heart failure. Gheorgiade's and the Boston score had the highest positive predictive values. In conclusion, five of the six scores we studied are broadly similar in the detection of heart failure. The men born in 1913 score relies heavily on the assessment of dyspnea, resulting in a relatively large number of false positives. Although the scores are useful in detecting manifest heart failure, objective measurements of cardiac function appear necessary to reduce the false positive rate and accurately detect early stages of heart failure.     

Influence of age and human papillomavirus-infection on reliability of cervical cytopathology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated cellular changes on the predictive value of cervical cytology. In a group of 671 women with Papanicolaou smears suggesting low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer, cervical cytology was correlated with the histological finding. Predictive values were calculated and related to severity of the lesion, age and HPV associated changes. The predictive values of Papanicolaou (cervical) smears suggesting LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma were 40%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. A poor predictive value of smears suggesting LSIL was found among older women. HPV associated changes were diagnosed in 80% of women 25 years of age, 66% in the age group 26 to 35 years, 51% in the age group 36 to 45 years and 38% in women aged 46 years (P = 0.03). The presence of HPV associated cellular changes led to a significantly higher number of overdiagnoses (9% with HPV infection compared to 4% without HPV infection) and HPV negative cases were more frequently associated with underdiagnosis (15% without HPV infection compared to 8% with HPV infection,P = 0.0011). This result remained significant after adjustment for age (P = 0.004). Cellular changes associated with HPV infection most frequently occurred in young women. HPV infection should therefore be acknowledged as source of overdiagnosis in the cytological evaluation of SIL especially in woung women.Supported by the Research Grant of the Mayor of Vienna (no. 1045 [to Dr. Kainz])     

Evaluation of delta-aminolaevulinic acid excretion in random urine samples of children

Urinary delta-aminolaevulinic acid (-ALA) excretion was evaluated in random urine samples of 191 healthy children, aged 2–14 years, with blood lead levels <0.8 mol/l (mean ± SD: 0.34±0.13), erythrocyte zinc-protoporphyrin <70 mol/mol haem (mean ± SD: 50.4±8.0) and blood haemoglobin >6.8 mmol/l (mean ± SD: 8.2±0.5). It was found that uncorrected -ALA concentration and -ALA/creatinine ratio are age-dependent, whereas the ratio of -ALA/logarithm of creatinine concentration (mean ± SD: 55.3±13.5 mol/log mmol) is independent of age and sex. The authors recommend the use of this parameter for the assessment of -ALA excretion in random urine samples in children     

中国健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值与海拔高度的关系

目的：为制定中国健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值的统一标准提供科学依据。方法：收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值,并对其与海拔高度的关系进行了研究。结果：发现随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐增大,相关性很显著。用一元回归分析的方法推导出一个回归方程。结论：如果知道了中国某地的海拔高度,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值。     

短小芽胞杆菌E601抗电离辐射性的研究

目的　短小芽胞杆菌Ｅ６０１ 已在中国确定为辐射灭菌指示菌。为使指示菌在灭菌过程中的应用标准化、规范化,保证灭菌质量,需要对其固有抗辐射性和影响因素,以及如何制备抗辐射稳定的生物指示剂作详尽研究。方法　应用钴６０γ射线和高能电子束对短小芽胞杆菌Ｅ６０１ 进行辐照,测定不同条件下的Ｄ１０ 值。结果　①因载体、介质不同,Ｄ１０ 值变化在１ ．６０ ～２．５３ｋＧｙ 之间。②不同温度下保存一年,指示菌片芽胞抗辐射性无明显变化。但随着保存时间延长,菌片上存活菌数逐渐减少。③载体、介质影响存活率,电子束与钴６０ 结果一致。结论　短小芽胞杆菌Ｄ１０ 值在１ ．６０～２．５３ｋＧｙ 之间,且抗性稳定。本试验条件下制备的可溶性菌片抗力高,Ｄ１０ 值为２ ．５３ｋＧｙ,可长期保存,适宜作指示剂应用     

Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients A comparison of doctors, nurses and patients as sources of reports

Objective: This study investigated the relative value of adverse drug events reported by doctors, nurses and patients. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of four wards: the paediatric and internal medicine wards (including geriatric patients) of two peripheral hospitals in the Netherlands. Adverse drug events were collected by spontaneous reporting (doctor and nurse reports) and by daily ward visits, during which the patients were interviewed by a hospital pharmacist (patient reports). Criteria for relative value of the reported adverse drug events were the number of potentially serious reactions, the number of reactions not mentioned in the patient information leaflet and the number of reactions reported to new drugs (5 years or less on the Dutch market). No formal causality assessment was applied. Results: Over a period of 2 months in 1996 (Hospital I) and 2 months in 1997 (Hospital II) a total of 620 patients were included in the study and adverse drug events were reported in 179 (29%) of these cases. Doctors reported a statistically significant larger number of serious (26% of all doctor reports; odds ratio (OR) 3.2; confidence interval (CI) 1.2–8.7) and unknown (39%; OR 2.5; CI 1.0–6.0) adverse drug events than patients themselves during the daily ward visit. Doctors also reported more serious and unknown adverse drug events than nurses. Adverse reactions to new drugs were reported during the daily ward visit only (8% of all daily ward visit reports). Conclusion: This study reconfirms that doctors are the main source for reports of serious and unknown adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. However, patients themselves seem to report more adverse reactions to new drugs (during the daily ward visit). By focusing on patients using new drugs, the daily ward visit might become cost-effective. This needs to be explored in future studies. Received: 10 September 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 30 November 1998     

Retrospective prediction of birth weight by growth velocity curves during neonatal period

In this prospective study, birth weight of 304 babies born at Kamla Nehru Hospital Pune during study period was recorded. From these 304 babies, babies with birth weight above 2000 grams were selected (260 babies) to prepare growth velocity curves. Daily weight of these 260 babies was recorded for 30 days. The mean birth weight of study population was 2742.5 grams. Among the daily weight recorded babies, all the babies lost weight ranging from 92 to 218 grams (mean 121 grams) after birth. The weight loss continued upto 5 days. Days required to gain weight equal to birth weight ranged from 5 to 13 days. Total weight gain observed in 30 days was 734.7 grams. Predictive value of these curves was tested in 49 infants. Deviation upto 50 grams of predicted birth weight from actual birth weight was observed in 90% of babies on day-2, 79% on day-4, 65% on day-8 and 39% on day-30.     

First-aid reports of acute chlorine gassing among pulpmill workers as predictors of lung health consequences

Workers in pulpmills can be exposed to a multitude of gases hazardous to respiratory function, the most common of which is chlorine gas. First-aid reports of acute gas overexposure incidents ("gassings") over an 8 year period were used to generate exposure data on a group of pulpmill workers whose respiratory function had been studied cross-sectionally in 1981 and 1988. Three hundred forty-eight incidents representing 174 workers were identified, 78% of these being treated solely by the first-aid attendant with the administration of O2 and cough suppression medication. Among 316 workers tested during a 1988 respiratory health survey, 78 had at least one chlorine or chlorine dioxide "gassing" incident. There was a significant decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio (p less than .05) as well as increased risk for workplace associated chest symptoms in this group with at least one "gassing" incident. In an age- and smoking-matched analysis, among workers tested both in 1981 and 1988, there was a greater decline in FEV2/FVC ratio and MMF (p less than .05) in the "gassed" group than in the nonexposed group over the 7 year period of observation. These results emphasize the need for worker protection against accidental chlorine gas exposures.