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121.
Zheng-Lin Jiang Hisao Yamaguchi Akira Takahashi Shingo Tanabe Noboru Utsuyama Toshitaka Ikehara Keiko Hosokawa Hiroyuki Tanaka Yohsuke Kinouchi Hiroshi Miyamoto 《European journal of applied physiology》1995,70(3):234-239
Cerebral blood volume flow and flow velocity have been reported to increase during dynamic exercise, but whether the two increase in parallel and whether both increases occur as functions of exercise intensity remain unsettled. In this study, blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery was measured using the Doppler ultrasound method in eight healthy male students during graded treadmill exercise. The exercise consisted of stepwise progressive increases and decreases in exercise intensity. The peak intensity corresponded to approximately 85% of maximal oxygen consumption. During this exercise, the heart rate (f
c), mean blood pressure (BP) in the brachial artery and mean blood flow velocity (cc) in the common carotid artery increased as functions of exercise intensity. At the peak exercise intensity, (f
c), BP and cc increased by 134.5%, 20.5% and 51.8% over the control levels before exercise (P < 0.01), respectively. The resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were determined from the velocity profile and were expected to reflect the distal cerebral blood flow resistance. The RI and PI increased during the graded exercise, but tended to decrease at the highest levels of exercise intensity. As cc increased with increases in exercise intensity it would be expected that cerebral blood flow would also increase at these higher intensities. It is also suggested that blood flow velocity in the cerebral artery does not proportionately reflect the cerebral blood flow during dynamic exercise, since the cerebral blood flow resistance changes. 相似文献
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126.
Alyce C. Russell Agnieszka Kepka Irena Trbojević-Akmačić Ivo Ugrina Manshu Song Jennie Hui Michael Hunter Simon M. Laws Gordan Lauc Wei Wang 《Immunobiology》2019,224(1):110-115
Background
Increased body fat may be associated with an increased risk of developing an underlying pro-inflammatory state, thus leading to greater risk of developing certain chronic conditions. Immunoglobulin G has the ability to exert both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects, and the N-glycosylation of the fragment crystallisable portion is involved in mediating this process. Body mass index, a rudimentary yet gold standard indication for body fat, has been shown to be associated with agalactosylated immunoglobulin G N-glycans.Aim
We aimed to determine the association between increased body fat and the immunoglobulin G glycosylation features, comparing body mass index to other measures of body fat distribution.Methods
We investigated a sample of 637 community-based 45–69?year olds, with mixed phenotypes, residing in Busselton, Western Australia. Body mass index and the waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios were calculated using anthropometry, while dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed to gain an accurate measure of total and area specific body fat. Serum immunoglobulin GN-glycans were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography.Results
Twenty-two N-glycan peaks were found to be associated with at least one of the fat measures. While the previous association of body mass index to agalactosylated immunoglobulin G was replicated, measures of central adiposity explained the most variation in the immunoglobulin G glycome.Conclusion
Central adiposity is associated with an increased pro-inflammatory fraction of immunoglobulin G, suggesting that the android/gynoid ratio or waist-to-height ratio instead be considered when controlling for adiposity in immunoglobulin G glycome biomarker studies. 相似文献127.
Anti-MOG autoantibodies in Italian multiple sclerosis patients: specificity, sensitivity and clinical association 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mantegazza R Cristaldini P Bernasconi P Baggi F Pedotti R Piccini I Mascoli N La Mantia L Antozzi C Simoncini O Cornelio F Milanese C 《International immunology》2004,16(4):559-565
There is considerable evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS and demyelination. Several myelin proteins may be encephalitogenic, including myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), the latter being expressed on the external layer of myelin sheaths and hence accessible to antibody attack. We investigated MOG autoreactivity in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA, employing the recombinant extracellular domain of MOG as antigen. We tested serum samples from 262 MS patients (175 relapsing-remitting, 43 primary progressive and 44 secondary progressive), 131 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 307 healthy controls. No patients or controls were receiving immunomodulating treatments. We found anti-MOG antibodies in the serum of 13.7% MS patients, mainly in those with secondary progressive MS (25%), in 13.7% of OND patients and in 6.2% of controls. We found a direct correlation (R(2) = 0.6, P = 0.002) between disease severity and anti-MOG titer only in patients with primary and secondary progressive MS. Anti-MOG antibodies were present in the CSF of 11.4% MS patients and 18.9% OND patients. Intrathecal synthesis of anti-MOG antibodies was demonstrated in four (4.5%) of MS patients and no OND patients. Anti-MOG antibodies are not specific for MS; however, they may characterize a subset of MS patients and this may be revealed by serial assays in relation to changing disease phase. 相似文献
128.
Inaccurate reporting of the absence of an endocervical (EC) component on Pap smears often results in slide rescreens, amended reports, clinician dissatisfaction, and sometimes unnecessary repeat smears. Therefore, the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy was selected as a quality indicator for the laboratory continuous quality improvement program (CQI). The process consisted of problem identification, analysis of the situation, collection of data, implementation of solutions, and evaluation of results. The objective of the study was to determine if the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy on Pap smears improved after application of such a program. During the first phase, 150 Pap smears originally reported with the absence of an adequate EC component and 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component were rescreened to measure the baseline accuracy of EC component adequacy reporting. The improvement process was then implemented. A cause-and-effect diagram was developed and root cause was determined. A presentation was then made to the cytology staff. Criteria for EC component adequacy were reviewed, examples were shown, and standardized marking of EC component was implemented. Following improvement actions, a second audit of 150 Pap smears reported with the absence of an adequate EC component as well as 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component was undertaken to measure change in performance in assessing EC component adequacy. For the baseline rescreening, before initiation of the CQI program, 98% accuracy was achieved with smears that were reported as adequate for EC component present. However, the accuracy with smears reported as absence of an adequate EC component was only 71%, i.e., an adequate EC component was identified in almost 1/3 of these cases on rescreen. After the implementation of improvement actions, the accuracy with smears reported with the presence of EC component remained high (98%) and the accuracy of reporting the absence of EC component was 90%. The difference of the latter before and after the implementation was statistically significant (P = 0.015, z-test). The accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy increased following the CQI process. Using reporting EC component adequacy as an example, we demonstrate that by treating clinical problems as quality control issues and applying basic quality improvement tools, a positive outcome can be effected. 相似文献
129.
Yu. A. Romanov T. N. Ivchenko Z. F. Sultanova 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1988,105(3):408-411
Department of Biology, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 3, pp. 345–347, March, 1988. 相似文献
130.
Muscle synergies involved in shifting the center of pressure while making a first step 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wang Y Zatsiorsky VM Latash ML 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2005,167(2):196-210
We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to analyze multi-muscle synergies involved in making a
step by a standing person. We hypothesized that leg and trunk muscles are organized into stable groups (muscle modes, M-modes)
related to shifts of the center of pressure (COP) in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions. Another hypothesis
was that the magnitudes of the modes co-vary across repetitive trials to stabilize a certain magnitude of the COP shift in
both directions. M-modes were defined using principal component analysis applied to indices of changes in the electromyographic
(EMG) activity prior to releasing variable loads that were held by the subject using a pulley system. For the task of releasing
the load behind the body three M-modes associated with a backward COP shift were defined. Four M-modes were defined for the
task of releasing the load at the body side associated with a lateral COP shift. Multiple regression analysis was used to
relate changes in the M-mode magnitudes to COP shifts. EMG changes prior to making a step were quantified over five 100 ms
time windows before the lift-off of the stepping leg. Two components of the variance in the M-mode space computed across repetitions
of a stepping task were quantified—a component that did not affect the average COP shift in a particular direction (variance
within the UCM, V
UCM), and a component that affected the COP shift (variance orthogonal to the UCM, V
ORT). V
UCM was significantly higher than V
ORT for both directions of the COP shifts. This relation was observed for the M-modes in the stepping leg as well as in the support
leg. The stepping leg showed a different time evolution of the ratio V
UCM/V
ORT such that the difference between the two variance components disappeared closer to the time of the lift-off. The findings
corroborate both main hypotheses. The study supports a view that control of whole-body actions involves grouping the muscles,
using fewer elemental variables to scale the muscle activity, and forming synergies in the space of the elemental variables
that stabilize time profiles of important performance variables. 相似文献