Primary lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma of the trachea with immunoglobulin G paraprotein

A primary tracheal lymphoma with immunoglobulin G (IgG)-associated monoclonal serum paraprotein treated with surgery and chemotherapy is reported. As far as we know this is the first lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma reported in the tracheobronchial tree and the first with a serum and tissue IgG monoclonal paraprotein. Differential diagnosis must be made essentially with extramedullary plasmacytoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. CD-45RB strong positivity and the absence of lymphoepithelial lesions may help to differentiate lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma from them. We expand the spectrum of lymphoid lesions with plasmacytoid features that can occur in the tracheobronchial tract.     

肺缺血再灌注损伤后TNFα、IL-6和IL-8的变化及其意义

为探讨炎性细胞因子在肺缺血再灌注损伤发病机制中的作用,采用大鼠在体温缺血再灌注模型,动态测定了肺组织和血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）,白介素－６（ＩＬ－６）和白介素－８（ＩＬ－８）含量的变化,结果表明,肺缺血再灌注损伤早期肺组织ＴＮＦα,ＩＬ－６,ＩＬ－８相继释放增加,上述因子的血浆变化滞后于肺组织变化。提示炎性细胞因子参与了肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生和发展过程。     

热休克蛋白70抑制大鼠感染性脑水肿炎症因子的研究

为了探讨热休克蛋白７０（ＨＳＰ７０）对大鼠感染性脑水肿的保护作用,该文采用百日咳菌液所致的大鼠感染性脑水肿模型及将大鼠进行热休克处理,观察脑组织中白细胞介素１－β（ＩＬ－１β）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平的变化,并应用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析检测大鼠脑组织的ＨＳＰ７０表达。结果发现感染性脑水肿脑组织ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α及ＮＯ浓度均增高,热休克处理可降低以上三者的浓度,Ｗｅ     

Polyclonal 111In-IgG, 125I-LDL and 125I-endothelin-1 accumulation in experimental arterial wall injury

To test iodine-125 labelled low-density lipoprotein (¹²⁵I-LDL), polyclonal indium-111 labelled immunoglobulin G (¹¹¹In-IgG) and iodine-125 labelled endothelin-1 uptake in metabolically active atheromatous plaques after arterial wall injury, we performed balloon de-endothelialization of carotid arteries or abdominal aortas in 24 New Zealand male rabbits which were fed with a normal diet (n=14) or a hypercholesterolaemic diet (n=10) after surgery. Six weeks later the animals were injected with 200 Ci of (¹²⁵I-LDL), and/or with 100 Ci of ¹¹¹In-IgG or with 9 Ci of ¹²⁵I-endothelin-1. Forty-eight hours later the animals were sacrificed. Carotid arteries and aortas were removed, counted and fixed for autoradiography and light microscopy examination. Contralateral carotid arteries and thoracic aortas served as controls.Significant ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake was observed in the injured arteries at autoradiography, with localization mainly in the healing edges, and at well counting. The percentage of the injected dose per gram (%D.inj/g) was 0.0188±0.06 versus 0.0059±0.003 in controls (P< 0.05). There was no difference in ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake between arteries with injury alone and those with active atheroma formation at the site of the injury. Significant (¹²⁵I-LDL), uptake was observed only when lipid deposition was present at light microscopy (%D.inj/g of 0.0024±0.0005 vs 0.0010±0.0003 in controls, P < 0.05). ¹²⁵I-endothelin-1 accumulation was observed in four of five injured aortas both at autoradiography, with diffuse localization, and at well counting (%D.inj/g of 0.0012±0.0004 in the abdominal aortas vs 0.0008±0.0003 in the thoracic aortas).Polyclonal IgG may accumulate in injured arteries without active atheroma formation. Inflammatory reaction at the site of the injury may cause ¹¹¹In-IgG uptake independently of atheromatous plaque formation. LDL accumulation takes place only with active atheroma formation at the site of the injury. Use of labelled peptides such as endothelin-1 may provide further insight into the mechanisms of atheromatous plaque formation.     

High-dose immunoglobulin therapy for Guillain−Barré syndrome in Japanese children

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy, presumed to be immune-mediated. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used to treat GBS and was found to be effective. However, a well-controlled study of pediatric GBS has not been conducted in Japan. Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of IVIg in the treatment of GBS, an open-labeled study was performed in pediatric patients. METHODS: Participants in the study were required to be younger than 15 years old, and diagnosed as having moderate or severe GBS. IVIg (400 mg/kg per day) was administered to patients for five consecutive days. Predefined outcome measures were defined on a seven-point scale of motor function (Hughes' functional grade [FG]). RESULTS: Eleven patients were treated with IVIg. The median time taken to improve by one grade on the FG scale was 10.0 days after initial treatment. Two weeks after initial treatment, 72.7% of patients treated with IVIg improved by one or more grades, and 36.4% improved by two or more grades, measured on the FG scale. After 4 weeks an improvement by one or more grades was observed in 81.8% of patients, and two or more grades in 63.6% of patients. These improvement rates were markedly greater than would occur with the natural course of GBS1. Adverse events (subjective symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings) were observed in four patients, although all were temporary and mild. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that IVIg is a safe and effective treatment for childhood GBS, which shortens the time to recovery.     

不同病程的1型糖尿病患儿血清细胞因子的变化

目的　了解不同病程的 1型糖尿患儿血清细胞因子的变化。方法　第 1组为新诊断 1型糖尿病患儿 2 6例。第 2组为病程 >3年、长期治疗不伴其他疾病的 1型糖尿病 2 0例。第 3组 :因身材矮小但无慢性疾病的患儿为正常对照组 30例。以放射免疫分析法 (RIA)或酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)法检测血清白细胞介素(IL) 1β、2、4、12 ,肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α) ,干扰素 γ(IFN γ)水平 ,计算Th1、Th2来源细胞因子比值。 结果　第1组IL 1β较第 3组显著增高 ,第 2组IL 1β水平下降 ;第 1、2组IL 4水平低于第 3组 ,第 1、2组间IL 4比较无显著性差异。第 1、2组IL 2 /IL 4、IFN γ/IL 4较第 3组升高 ;第 1、2组比较无显著差异。第 1组IL 2明显低于第 3组 ,第 2组IL 2明显增高。IL 12、IFN γ和TNF α水平于各组间均无显著差异。结论　 1.IL 1β、IL 2水平与病程有关。 2 .IFN γ/IL 4、IL 12 /IL 4未随病程延长而改变 ,以Th1来源的细胞因子占优势 ,提示糖尿病患儿免疫系统本身存在Th1优势的倾向     

卡介苗素注射液对儿童肾病综合征继发感染预防的初步探讨

目的 观察卡介苗素注射液对小儿单纯性肾病综合征(SNS)继发感染的影响。方法38例初治SNS患儿随机分卡介苗素治疗组(Ⅰ组,n=22)和单纯强的松对照组(Ⅱ组,n=16)。2组均采用强的松中程疗法,Ⅰ组在此基础上给卡介苗素0.5mg(1ml)肌肉注射,隔天一次,疗程3～6个月。观察治疗阶段患儿8周内缓解率、继发感染率、感染控制时间、复发率及用药前和用药3个月后血清、尿可溶性白介素2受体(sIL一2R)及血浆IgG、IgA、IgM的变化。结果 Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组8周内缓解率无显著差异,继发感染率和复发率Ⅰ组均显著低于Ⅱ组。感染后治愈天数Ⅰ组显著少于Ⅱ组[(5.0±1.6)d vs(8.0±2.0)d,P<0.05]。Ⅰ组感染后有6例出现病情反复,但感染控制后尿蛋白即消失,而Ⅱ组感染后有8例复发,感染控制后尿蛋白有5例仍阳性,需恢复激素用量才转阴。血清sIL-2R用药后Ⅰ组下降显著高于Ⅱ组,与正常组比已无显著差异,而Ⅱ组仍显著高于正常组。尿sIL-2R与血清sIL-2R一样也发生上述显著变化。血浆IgG用药后Ⅰ组上升显著高于Ⅱ组,与正常组比较已无显著差异。而Ⅱ组仍显著低于正常组。血浆IgA、IgM用药前后两组比较均无差别。结论卡介苗素在佐治SNS中具有预防和降低感染、减少和预防复发、避免反复大量应用激素的作用,此机制可能在于其降低SNS患儿血、尿sIL-2R水     

不同剂量重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗对小鼠细胞免疫应答的研究

目的：探索不同剂量重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗对小鼠细胞免疫调节作用。方法：将HBsAg免疫Balb／C小鼠一周后取淋巴结制备淋巴细胞悬液，经HBsAg刺激培养48h后检测其诱导产生的IL-2、IFN-γ的水平，另一份细胞同样经HBsAg刺激培养56h后，用氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷(^3H-TdR)标记16h后检测T细胞增殖的水平。用不同剂量HBsAg免疫小鼠后，检测血清中抗HBsIgG2a的水平。结果：中、高剂量组小鼠产生的IL-2、IFN-γ、抗HBsIgG2a以及T细胞增殖的水平显著高于低剂量组和对照组。结论：一定剂量的重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗可上调小鼠的细胞免疫功能。     

Chemical allergy: considerations for the practical application of cytokine profiling.

Chemical respiratory allergy is an important occupational health problem, but there are currently available no validated methods for hazard identification. This is due in part to the fact that the relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms of sensitization of the respiratory tract have been unclear, with particular controversy regarding the role of IgE. There is now increasing evidence that respiratory sensitization is associated with the preferential activation of type 2 T lymphocytes and the expression of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Type 2 cell products favor immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, serving as growth and differentiation factors for mast cells and eosinophils, the cellular effectors of the clinical manifestations of the allergic responses, and promoting IgE antibody production. There has been considerable interest in the application of cytokine profiling for the characterization of chemical allergens, with cytokine phenotypes analyzed in freshly isolated tissue, or following culture in the presence or absence of mitogen at the level of protein secretion or mRNA expression. Experience to date suggests that the measurement of induced cytokine secretion profiles shows promise for the hazard identification and characterization of chemical respiratory allergens. The purpose of this brief review article is to consider the approaches available and to highlight key procedural issues.