Iatrogenic seeding of anaplastic astrocytoma following stereotactic biopsy

We present a case of probable tumor seeding along the needle tract following computer tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of an anaplastic astrocytoma in a 23 year old male. Six months after the initial biopsy and 3 months following a second stereotactic procedure for cyst aspiration, a second lesion appeared directly along the biopsy trajectory at a distance from the primary tumor. This lesion is presumed to be recurrent tumor and appears to have been spread iatrogenically following the biopsy of the initial tumor and the subsequent cyst aspiration along the same tract.     

外伤性和医源性上睑提肌腱膜损伤致上睑下垂

目的分析外伤性和医源性上睑提肌腱膜损伤的原因及治疗。方法对54例各种外伤及手术引起的上睑提肌腱膜损伤所致上睑下垂进行回顾性分析。结果各种眼外伤及一些医源性原因所引起的不同程度的上睑提肌损伤，造成上睑提肌腱膜与睑板分离，形成腱膜性上睑下垂，上睑皱襞过高，上眶区凹陷，二次手术行上睑提肌腱膜折叠术及断端缝合术，效果良好。结论外伤和医源性原因引起的腱膜性上睑下垂，经过手术矫正效果理想。     

医原性输尿管损伤18例临床分析

目的探讨医原性输尿管损伤的早期诊断和最佳治疗方案,提高手术成功率,减少合并症的发生。方法对1990至2005年18例19侧医原性输尿管损伤病例进行回顾性研究。分析治疗方法和预后及并发症之间的关系。结果15例早期发现患者中13例一期修复输尿管损伤;2例先行尿流改道,3个月后行修复手术成功。3例发现晚患者,3~10个月后手术,1例行肾切除,2例行一期修复手术。12例获得随访6~24个月,10例肾积水缓解。结论医原性输尿管损伤患者一般情况较好时,无论确诊时间早晚,均可考虑一期手术修复。     

Iatrogenic lesions of peripheral nerves

Iatrogenic nerve lesions (INLs) are an integral part of peripheral neurology and require dedicated neurologists to manage them. INLs of peripheral nerves are most frequently caused by surgery, immobilization, injections, radiation, or drugs. Early recognition and diagnosis is important not to delay appropriate therapeutic measures and to improve the outcome. Treatment can be causative or symptomatic, conservative, or surgical. Rehabilitative measures play a key role in the conservative treatment, but the point at which an INL requires surgical intervention should not be missed or delayed. This is why INLs require close multiprofessional monitoring and continuous re‐evaluation of the therapeutic effect. With increasing number of surgical interventions and increasing number of drugs applied, it is quite likely that the prevalence of INLs will further increase. To provide an optimal management, more studies about the frequency of the various INLs and studies evaluating therapies need to be conducted. Management of INLs can be particularly improved if those confronted with INLs get state‐of‐the‐art education and advanced training about INLs. Management and outcome of INLs can be further improved if the multiprofessional interplay is optimized and adapted to the needs of the patient, the healthcare system, and those responsible for sustaining medical infrastructure.     

腹腔镜和输尿管镜联合治疗15例医源性输尿管狭窄

目的 探讨联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗医源性输尿管狭窄的安全性、可行性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月-2020年12月在娄底市中心医院用联合镜种技术(腹腔镜+输尿管镜)治疗的15例医源性输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料.其中,男8例,女7例;年龄31～65岁,平均(38.50±7.10)岁;术前病变侧肾脏积水...     

Acute Aortic Syndromes

Abstract

Acute aortic syndrome is a term that describes one of a number of different pathologic entities. Each of these conditions requires urgent or emergent evaluation and may possibly require surgical intervention. However, both entities may be unfamiliar to the nonsurgical (and in some cases, surgical) practitioner and they may mimic more common diseases or be missed entirely. An understanding of the processes, nomenclature, and management options is critical in optimizing patient care.     

A Guide to Performing Pelvic Speculum Exams: A Patient-Centered Approach to Reducing Iatrogenic Effects

Purpose: Current training in the United States for pelvic speculum examinations (PSEs) has a primary focus on the physician-centered goal of visualizing the cervix but may not inform practitioners of potential iatrogenic effects. Such oversight leaves trainees unprepared and unskilled in preventing and addressing adverse outcomes. This article incorporates a literature review into a step-by-step guide to aid the teaching of PSEs. Summary: Iatrogenic effects of PSEs may include mild discomfort, extreme pain, anxiety, psychological (re)traumatization, and sexual pain disorders. A literature-based guide is presented to identify patients at risk for adverse outcomes, set up the exam room, set up the patient, perform the exam, calm distressed patients, and avoid exam-interfering behaviors. Conclusions: Although PSEs can lead to adverse outcomes, awareness of the iatrogenic effects allows clinicians to utilize techniques to prevent or reduce negative effects. A method of incorporating techniques described in this article into teaching is provided.     

Cusp Symmetry and Coronary Ostial Eccentricity and its Impact on Coronary Access Following TAVR

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity and its impact on coronary access following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using a patient-specific commissural alignment implantation technique.BackgroundTAVR implantation techniques to obtain neocommissural alignment have been introduced. The impact of cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity on coronary access after TAVR remains unknown.MethodsCardiac computed tomographic scans from 200 tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs) and 200 type 1 bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) were studied. Cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity were assessed. In addition, the right coronary cusp/left coronary cusp and right coronary artery (RCA)/left coronary artery (LCA) ostia overlap views were calculated and compared.ResultsSevere cusp asymmetry (>135°) was more frequent in BAVs (52.5%) than in TAVs (2.5%) (P < 0.001), with the noncoronary cusp being the most common dominant cusp. The RCA ostium was found to be more often eccentric (>20°) than the LCA ostium (28% vs 6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Considering the right/left cusp overlap view, there was <20° deviation between the right coronary cusp–left coronary cusp centered line and the RCA-LCA centered line in 95% of all patients (TAV, 97%; BAV, 93%). The right/left cusp and coronary ostia overlap view differed by <10° and <20° fluoroscopic angulation in 75% and 98% of all cases, respectively.ConclusionsUsing the right/left cusp overlap view to obtain commissural alignment in TAVR is also an effective approach to implant one of the transcatheter heart valve commissures in the near center between both coronary ostia in most TAVs and type 1 BAVs. Preprocedural CT assessment remains crucial to assess cusp symmetry and coronary ostial eccentricity.     

Risk of Coronary Obstruction During Redo-TAVR in Patients With Bicuspid Versus Tricuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the risk of coronary obstruction during redo–transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) within a previously implanted self-expanding valve in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) versus tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) stenosis.BackgroundThe prevalence of BAV in TAVR patients is expected to increase as the indication expands; however, no study has investigated the risk of coronary obstruction for future redo-TAVR in these patients.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) simulation analysis was performed in 86 type 0 BAV, 70 type 1 BAV, and 132 TAV patients who underwent TAVR with 1 VenusA-Valve (Venus Medtech) between January 2014 and December 2019.ResultsCT-identified risk of coronary obstruction during redo-TAVR was observed in 36.1% of patients for the left coronary ostium (LCO) and 27.8% of patients for the right coronary ostium (RCO); however, the incidences were significantly lower in the type 0 BAV group than in the type 1 BAV or TAV group (for LCO: OR: 1.00 [reference] vs OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.24-5.01 vs OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.40-4.81; for RCO: OR: 1.00 [reference] vs OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.02-4.48 vs OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.02-3.80). The leaflet laceration technique may be unfeasible to improve coronary flow in 61.5% of the threatened LCOs and 58.8% of the threatened RCOs during redo-TAVR. The percentages were significantly or numerically lower in the type 0 BAV group than other groups (for LCO: 26.3% vs 62.1% vs 73.2%; P overall = 0.001; for RCO: 43.8% vs 65.2% vs 61.0%; P overall = 0.374).ConclusionsDifferences in anatomical features may impact the feasibility of future redo-TAVR. Type 0 BAV anatomy was associated with the lower incidence of CT-identified risk of coronary obstruction during redo-TAVR, and the leaflet laceration technique may be more feasible to ensure coronary flow in this population.     

Rectal puncture complicating caudal blockade in a child with severe rectal distension

We describe a case of unrecognized rectal puncture following unsuccessful caudal blockade in a patient later found to have marked rectal distension on MRI. This may have contributed to the rectal injury.