糖尿病低血糖中医治疗临床分析

目的探讨中医治疗糖尿病低血糖的方式与临床效果。方法选取糖尿病低血糖患者60例,依照随机平均分为治疗组与对照组,对照组给予一般性西医治疗,治疗组患者在对照组的基础上予以中药辨证组方治疗,对比不同疗法下两组患者治疗效果。结果①治疗组综合疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组患者低血糖完全得到控制14例(46.67%)、低血糖基本得到控制16例(53.33%)、低血糖控制无效0例(0.00%),对照组患者低血糖完全得到控制7例(23.33%)、低血糖基本得到控制19例(63.34%)、低血糖控制无效4例(13.33%)。②治疗组患者低血糖控制率达100.00%,明显高于对照组的86.67%。③治疗组治疗预后效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组未见毒副作用及病情复发;对照组死亡2例,病情复发2例。结论中医辨证疗法应用于糖尿病低血糖临床治疗中,可有效控制低血糖、降低病情复发率及死亡率,无毒副作用,可有效提升糖尿病患者治疗效果及生活质量。     

持续泵入生长抑素时防止发生低血糖的方法

目的探讨安全使用生长抑素不发生低血糖反应的方法。方法密切监测血糖,在患者输完营养液后血糖低于6.1 mmol/L者用5%葡萄糖维持输入。结果用5%葡萄糖维持输入的患者未发生低血糖。结论在患者输完营养液后应用5%葡萄糖可防止低血糖的发生。     

A Comparison of the Effects of Oral Glutamine Dipeptide,Glutamine, and Alanine on Blood Amino Acid Availability in Rats Submitted to Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

We compared the effects of oral administration of high-dose or low-dose glutamine dipeptide (GDP), alanine (ALA), glutamine (GLN), and ALA + GLN on the blood availability of amino acids in rats submitted to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH). Insulin detemir (1 U/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to produce IIH; this was followed by oral administration of GDP, GLN + ALA, GLN, or ALA. We observed higher blood levels of GLN, 30 min after oral administration of high-dose GDP (1000 mg/kg) than after administration of ALA (381 mg/kg) + GLN (619 mg/kg), GLN (619 mg/kg), or ALA (381 mg/kg). However, we did not observe the same differences after oral administration of low-dose GDP (100 mg/kg) compared with ALA (38.1 mg/kg) + GLN (61.9 mg/kg), GLN (61.9 mg/kg), or ALA (38.1 mg/kg). We also observed less liver catabolism of GDP compared to ALA and GLN. In conclusion, high-dose GDP promoted higher blood levels of GLN than oral ALA + GLN, GLN, or ALA. Moreover, the lower levels of liver catabolism of GDP, compared to ALA or GLN, contributed to the superior performance of high-dose GDP in terms of blood availability of GLN.     

200例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇围产结局分析

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病对孕妇的妊娠结局及其围产儿的影响。方法随机选择2016年1~6月在本院的200例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇为实验组,同期住院的200例血糖正常孕妇为对照组,回顾性分析两组的临床资料,对两组孕妇的妊娠结局及围产儿的情况进行比较分析。结果实验组的剖宫产率、胎膜早破、羊水过多、妊娠期高血压疾病、产褥病率发生率、早产、胎儿窘迫、巨大儿、新生儿低血糖及新生儿黄疸、转儿科发生率分别为56.0%,25.0%,5.0%,11.5%,21.5%,12.5%,10.5%,10.5%,61.5%,52.5%,25.5%,对照组分别为35.0%,12.5%,1.0%,4.0%,7.5%,6.0%,4.0%,4.5%,17.5%,35.5%,8.5%,实验组均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论妊娠期糖尿病对孕妇和围产儿都有不良影响,故应定期产检,早发现,早治疗,降低其所导致的不良影响。     

Hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring: Identification of risk factors and glycemic patterns

BackgroundHypoglycemia unawareness designates failure to detect eminent hypoglycemia. Clarke's questionnaire is one of the most used systems to evaluate this problem.AimsTo relate Clarke's questionnaire (QQ) results with continuous glucose monitoring data.MethodsApplication of the questionnaire in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients using intermittent continuous glucose monitoring (iCGM).Results111 T1DM patients were evaluated, 56.8% female, mean age 35.0 ± 12.4 years and mean disease duration 18.8 ± 10.5 years.According to CQ, 13.5% had unawareness, 76.6% awareness and 9.9% indeterminate awareness to hypoglycemia. Those with unawareness had longer disease duration (25.1 ± 10.4 vs 18.2 ± 10.3 for awareness and 14.9 ± 9.9 for indeterminate awareness, p = 0.047), more time below range (10.3 ± 4.9% vs 6.3 ± 5.1 and 6.3 ± 4.8; p = 0.009) and higher mean duration of hypoglycemia (131.7 ± 38.6 vs 116.6 ± 49.6 and 131.7 ± 38.6; p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, mean duration of hypoglycemia was an independent predictor of CQ results. In a receiver operating curve (AUC 0.746; p = 0.004) a mean duration of hypoglycemia ≥106.5 min showed 84.6% sensitivity/64.4% specificity for unawareness.ConclusionsOur sample had a significative prevalence of hypoglycemia unawareness which increased with longer diabetes duration. iCGM data can be indicative of this problem, with a mean hypoglycemia duration ≥106.5 min being suggestive, albeit unspecific.     

Glucose Control in the ICU: Is There a Time for More Ambitious Targets Again?

During the last 2 decades, the treatment of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients has become one of the most discussed topics in the intensive medicine field. The initial data suggesting significant benefit of normalization of blood glucose levels in critically ill patients using intensive intravenous insulin therapy have been challenged or even neglected by some later studies. At the moment, the need for glucose control in critically ill patients is generally accepted yet the target glucose values are still the subject of ongoing debates. In this review, we summarize the current data on the benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill patients focusing on the novel technological approaches including continuous glucose monitoring and its combination with computer-based algorithms that might help to overcome some of the hurdles of tight glucose control. Since increased risk of hypoglycemia appears to be the major obstacle of tight glucose control, we try to put forward novel approaches that may help to achieve optimal glucose control with low risk of hypoglycemia. If such approaches can be implemented in real-world practice the entire concept of tight glucose control may need to be revisited.     

糖尿病胰岛素治疗病人低血糖恐惧的调查及护理对策

[目的]了解糖尿病胰岛素治疗病人对低血糖的恐惧感现状,提出护理对策。[方法]采用方便抽样方法,抽取186例需要进行胰岛素治疗的糖尿病病人作为研究对象,采用中文版低血糖恐惧调查表(HFSⅡ-WS)对病人进行问卷调查。[结果]186例病人HFSⅡ-WS总分最低分为19分,最高分为73分,中位数为31分(四分位间距,22分~48分);病人担忧程度得分最高前4位单项指标依次为感觉头晕、在公共场合晕倒、有低血糖但感觉不到、睡眠时发生低血糖;病人因为担心低血糖的发生最常采取的措施前4位依次为避免性生活、进食大量零食、身边有人才觉得放心、出门时需要陪同。[结论]糖尿病胰岛素治疗病人存在低血糖恐惧,应采取相应的护理对策,以降低病人的低血糖恐惧感,促进病人积极配合治疗,将血糖控制在合理范围。     

Morphological assessment of pancreatic islet hormone content following aerobic exercise training in rats with poorly controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Regular exercise has been shown to improve many complications of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) including enhanced glucose tolerance and increased cardiac function. While exercise training has been shown to increase insulin content in pancreatic islets of rats with T1DM, experimental models were severely hyperglycemic and not undergoing insulin treatment. Further, research to date has yet to determine how exercise training alters glucagon content in pancreatic islets. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the impact of a 10-week aerobic training program on pancreatic islet composition in insulin-treated rats with T1DM. Second, it was determined whether the acute, exercise-mediated reduction in blood glucose experienced in rats with T1DM would become larger in magnitude following aerobic exercise training. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by multiple low dose injections of streptozotocin (20mg/kg i.p.) and moderate intensity aerobic exercise training was performed on a motorized treadmill for one hour per day for a total of 10 weeks. Rats with T1DM demonstrated significantly less islet insulin, and significantly more islet glucagon hormone content compared with non-T1DM rats, which did not significantly change following aerobic training. The reduction in blood glucose in response to a single exercise bout was similar across 10 weeks of training. Results also support the view that different subpopulations of islets exist, as small islets (<50 μm diameter) had significantly more insulin and glucagon in rats with and without T1DM.