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51.
Anna Börje Ann‐Therese Karlberg Carola Lidén Suresh Rastogi David Roberts Ian R. White 《Contact dermatitis》2013,69(4):196-230
Contact allergy to fragrances is still relatively common, affecting ~ 16% of patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis, considering all current screening allergens. The objective of the review is to systematically retrieve, evaluate and classify evidence on contact allergy to fragrances, in order to arrive at recommendations for targeting of primary and secondary prevention. Besides published evidence on contact allergy in humans, animal data (local lymph node assay), annual use volumes and structure–activity relationships (SARs) were considered for an algorithmic categorization of substances as contact allergens. A total of 54 individual chemicals and 28 natural extracts (essential oils) can be categorized as established contact allergens in humans, including all 26 substances previously identified as contact allergens (SCCNFP/0017/98). Twelve of the 54 individual chemicals are considered to be of special concern, owing to the high absolute number of reported cases of contact allergy (> 100). Additionally, 18 single substances and one natural mixture are categorized as established contact allergens in animals. SARs, combined with limited human evidence, contributed to the categorization of a further 26 substances as likely contact allergens. In conclusion, the presence of 127 single fragrance substances and natural mixtures should, owing to their skin sensitizing properties, be disclosed, for example on the label. As an additional preventive measure, the maximum use concentration of 11 substances of special concern should be limited to 100 ppm. The substance hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde and the two ingredients chloroatranol and atranol in the natural extracts Evernia prunastri and Evernia furfuracea should not be present in cosmetic products. 相似文献
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Gabriel Hanna Brian D. Batko James Potter Joseph Ippolito Folorunsho Edobor-Osula 《Journal of children's orthopaedics》2021,15(1):81
PurposeClubfoot is the most common congenital foot deformity in children. Caregivers often seek medical information on the internet. The aim of the study was to characterize how social media is used by caregivers to access medical information.MethodsA search was performed on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube platforms. Information was quantitatively assessed. Comments were qualitatively assessed, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to study thematic comment distribution.ResultsIn total, 58 Facebook groups and pages, 109 YouTube accounts and ten Twitter accounts related to clubfoot were discovered from 2007 to 2019. Facebook groups and pages had a collective 56 123 members and 80 544 total likes, respectively. YouTube had a collective 3 280 454 views, with 54 969 total comments throughout the accounts. Comment themes most commonly included sharing information and advice (38.7%), appreciation and success stories (12.8%), emotional support (12.7%) and social media as a second opinion (11.9%). Facebook groups contained a significantly higher number of comments related to ‘social media as a second opinion’ compared with Facebook pages (p = 0.001), Twitter (p = 0.016) and YouTube (p < 0.0001) while YouTube contained a significantly lower number of comments related to ‘sharing information’ compared with Facebook groups, pages and Twitter (p < 0.0001).ConclusionSocial media continues to be a growing tool for information sharing and the findings of this study highlight the importance placed by caregivers on the advice of their peers. The online presence of caregivers may represent an opportunity for orthopaedic surgeons to communicate with patients and help them make informed decisions.Level of evidenceIV 相似文献
55.
Baker JA Lovell K Harris N Campbell M 《Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing》2007,14(5):478-484
There is a limited evidence base for the use of pro re nata (PRN) 'as required' psychotropic medication within acute mental health settings. This study aimed to explore expert opinion concerning issues and best practice for the prescribing and administration of psychotropic PRN medications within acute inpatient mental health settings. Eighteen experts participated in three Delphi rounds of a modified Delphi panel to establish consensus. A total of 271 items were initially generated from four questions. As a result of the consensus process the number of items retained reduced to 78, then 34 items and finally 13 items. Clinicians' practice could be informed by the 13 recommendations established by the Delphi panel. Further research is required to establish the clinical effectiveness of these recommendations. 相似文献
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Arthur Crisp 《European eating disorders review》2005,13(3):147-152
Nationwide surveys of public opinions in 1998 and 2003 confirmed that people with eating disorders are often viewed negatively; especially so in respect of perceived communication and empathy difficulties and beliefs that such disorders are self‐inflicted. These findings are age and social class related. Knowing someone with an eating disorder lessens the chances of such negative labeling. Over the five years, several campaigns, combating the stigmatization of people with mental illnesses, were mounted. The egosyntonicity of anorexia nervosa and the individual's related fear of and resistance to interventions can fuel such negative public perceptions, as can the panic, shame, unpredictability and secrecy that can accompany bulimia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa, one of the most serious of the mental illnesses, is often trivialized in the public mind. People with eating disorders are usually concerned to minimize their disabilities and, unlike those with some physical disabilities, rarely defend their human rights. Over the five years between the surveys there were small significant reductions in the percentages of the public expressing some negative views. Attempts to further reduce these stigmatizations need to continue to be rooted in ‘Protest, Education and Contact’ (Corrigan and Watson, 2002). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. 相似文献
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Scientists designing network-based interventions intending to improve the adoption or maintenance of healthy behaviors are well-advised to classify potential adopters into network roles, such as opinion leaders, brokers, members, and isolates, and to work closely with existing opinion leaders. In past studies focusing on HIV, opinion-leader interventions have had mixed results. This may be addressed, in part, by empirically validating these network roles. To this end, we used latent class analysis to test whether people's social connections fall into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups of social capital that represent theorized network roles well with a dataset collected in Nyangana, Namibia (n = 400). A four-class model best fits the dataset, but the categories identified do not clearly represent the theorized roles. Rather, this study revealed the following four network classes: single-group members (59%), connectors (24%), single-group loyalists (15%), and selective connectors (2%). The implications of their findings for opinion-leader interventions focused on HIV are discussed. 相似文献
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《Digestive and liver disease》2017,49(4):368-377
BackgroundCrohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic and disabling condition. There is no curative medical treatment but current treatments provide increasingly sustainable control of the disease and allow patients a better quality of life. There is limited evidence supporting CD management in specific clinical situations, thus precluding an evidence-based approach.AimsTo help clinicians in making informed treatment decisions, a group of 59 French gastroenterologists with experience in the management of CD met to develop straightforward and practical algorithms based on the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) recommendations.MethodsThis experts’ opinion was developed following a Nominal Group consensus methodology. Nine clinical situations were identified: mildly active CD; uncomplicated moderately active CD, with, and without poor prognostic factors; uncomplicated severely active CD; perianal CD with a single fistula; perianal CD with complex fistula with or without abscess; complicated CD with abscess; intestinal stricture; and post-operative CD. Two working groups were formed and proposed algorithms that were then approved by a two-thirds majority of the Nominal Group.ResultsThese algorithms represent the pragmatic consensus of a group of experts in gastroenterology on the modalities of therapeutic care in different clinical situations in CD. They are available via a web application at: www.algorithmici.com. 相似文献
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An Expert Opinion from the European College of Gerodontology and the European Geriatric Medicine Society: European Policy Recommendations on Oral Health in Older Adults 下载免费PDF全文
Anastassia E. Kossioni DDS MSc PhD Martin Schimmel PD Dr. Med. Dent. MAS Oral Biol Frauke Müller Dr. Med. Dent. Habil. 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2018,66(3):609-613
This is an expert opinion paper on oral health policy recommendations for older adults in Europe, with particular focus on frail and care‐dependent persons, that the European College of Gerodontology (ECG) and the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) Task and Finish Group on Gerodontology has developed. Oral health in older adults is often poor. Common oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, denture‐related conditions, hyposalivation, and oral pre‐ and cancerous conditions may lead to tooth loss, pain, local and systemic infection, impaired oral function, and poor quality of life. Although the majority of oral diseases can be prevented or treated, oral problems in older adults remain prevalent and largely underdiagnosed, because frail persons often do not receive routine dental care, due to a number of barriers and misconceptions. These hindrances include person‐related issues, lack of professional support, and lack of effective oral health policies. Three major areas for action are identified: education for healthcare providers, health policy action plans, and citizen empowerment and involvement. A list of defined competencies in geriatric oral health for non‐dental healthcare providers is suggested, as well as an oral health promotion and disease prevention protocol for residents in institutional settings. Oral health assessment should be incorporated into general health assessments, oral health care should be integrated into public healthcare coverage, and access to dental care should be ensured. 相似文献