胃癌原发灶中上皮间质转化相关因子和CD133的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的研究上皮间质转化（EMT）相关因子Snail、E-cadherin、N-cadherin与胃癌患者临床病理特征、预后及胃癌肿瘤起始细胞表面标志物CD133表达的关系。方法利用Western blot方法检测50例胃癌及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中EMT相关因子及CD133蛋白的定位及定量表达,分析EMT相关因子及CD133蛋白表达与胃癌患者的临床病理学指标的关系,Spearman等级相关分析EMT相关因子和CD133表达的关系,Kaplan-Meier方法分析EMT相关因子及CD133表达与胃癌患者生存的关系。结果①胃癌组织中Snail、N-cadherin及CD133蛋白表达相对灰度值明显高于其在癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中的表达（Snail：0.599±0.114比0.259±0.108,P=0.020;N-cadherin：0.754±0.154比0.329±0.134,P=0.001;CD133：0.635±0.119比0.485±0.116,P=0.029）,E-cadherin蛋白表达相对灰度值明显低于其在癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中的表达（0.378±0.123比0.752±0.156,P=0.003）。②Snail蛋白、N-cadherin蛋白表达平均相对灰度值在有血管浸润、淋巴管浸润、N3淋巴结转移及肿瘤直径≥5 cm和Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期胃癌患者中的表达明显高于无血管浸润、淋巴管浸润、N0～N2淋巴结转移及肿瘤直径〈5 cm和Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期的胃癌患者（P〈0.05）,而E-cadherin蛋白表达平均相对灰度值在有血管浸润、淋巴管浸润、N3淋巴结转移及Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期胃癌患者中的表达显著低于无血管浸润、淋巴管浸润、N0～N2淋巴结转移及Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期的胃癌患者（P〈0.05）,CD133蛋白表达平均相对灰度值在有淋巴管浸润、N3淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径≥5 cm和Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期胃癌患者中的表达显著高于无淋巴管浸润、N0～N2淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径〈5 cm和Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期的胃癌患者（P〈0.05）。③Snail、N-cadherin蛋白表达与CD133蛋白表达分别均呈正相关（rs=0.278,P=0.048;rs=0.406,P=0.003）,而E-cadherin蛋白表达与CD133蛋白表达呈负相关（rs=-0.504,P=0.000）。④Snail、N-cadherin及CD133蛋白低表达组的生存时间明显长于其高表达者（P〈0.05）,联合EMT相关因子和CD133蛋白表达能够最有效预测患者生存。结论EMT与胃癌肿瘤起始细胞特性之间存在明显相关,并且两者与胃癌的高侵袭的临床病理特征相关,联合EMT相关因子Snail、E-cadherin、N-cadherin与CD133能够最有效预测胃癌患者的预后。     

黏膜方对IgA肾病大鼠异常糖基化IgA1及肾间质纤维化的干预及机制研究

目的:研究血清和肾组织中的异常糖基化IgA1水平与IgA肾病的间质纤维化程度的相关性;阐明黏膜方治疗IgA肾病的作用机制。方法:采用口服牛血清白蛋白、四氯化碳皮下注射和尾静脉注射脂多糖免疫复合法建立IgA肾病大鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组(黏膜方)及西药组(福辛普利钠)、中西医结合组(黏膜方+福辛普利),观察治疗后各组血清和肾组织异常糖基化的IgA1水平、血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白(IgA-FN)、肾组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及其mRNA的表达量。结果:血清IgA-FN,中药组及中西医结合组低于模型组(P<0.001);血清异常糖基化IgA1量,中药组及西药组均低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织中的异常糖基化IgA1水平,模型组高于正常组(P<0.05),各治疗组低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织中TGF-β1mRNA及蛋白表达量模型组均显著高于正常组(P<0.01),各治疗组TGF-β1mRNA及蛋白表达均低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组α-SMAmRNA高于正常组(P<0.05),各治疗组低于模型组(P<0.001),模型组α-SMA蛋白表达阳性面积高于正常组(P<0.001),中西医结合组和西药组阳性面积低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织α-SMAmRNA及蛋白表达与血清及肾组织中异常糖基化IgA1呈正相关(P<0.005);肾组织TGF-β1mRNA与血清及肾组织异常糖基化IgA1呈正相关(P<0.005)。结论:血清中异常糖基化IgA1与肾间质纤维化程度密切相关,黏膜方能减轻实验性IgAN大鼠血清及肾脏异常糖基化的IgA1水平,改善肾间质纤维化。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床应用

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的可行性及手术方法。方法:回顾分析为35例患者行三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床资料。结果:33例成功完成手术,2例因皮下广泛气肿而直接中转开腹。手术时间85～198 min,平均(125±21.4)min;术中出血量平均(86±7.5)ml;术后均无结石残留、胆漏及死亡病例。结论:在熟练掌握三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的基础上,开展三孔法腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术是安全、可行、有效的,更符合微创理念,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜下单孔法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的优势探讨

【摘要】 目的 通过比较腹腔镜下单孔法及双孔法治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床应用,探讨腹腔镜下单孔法在治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝中的优势。方法 通过回顾性分析我科自2006年1月至2011年3月收治的80例小儿腹股沟斜疝患儿,分别采用腹腔镜下双孔法及单孔法缝扎腹股沟斜疝单侧疝囊内环治疗,每组各收治40例,年龄在6个月到5岁范围。结果 在缝合正常大小内环口的病例中,腹腔镜下单孔法缝扎单侧内环口操作时间平均为11.8 min(手术用时范围10~13 min),双孔法操作平均时间为12.3 min(手术用时范围11~14 min);而在缝合较大内环口的用时时间上,单孔法手术用时明显较双孔法手术时间短(11.3 min,14.23 min)。术后随访平均6个月(3个月~1年),手术患儿均无腹股沟斜疝复发。结论 相比较腹腔镜下双孔法高位结扎腹股沟疝疝囊,采用腹腔镜下单孔法高位缝扎腹股沟斜疝疝囊,不仅具有美观、创伤小的优势,同时操作时间较短,更适合治疗较大内环口的腹股沟斜疝。     

Instant hot noodles: Do they need to burn?

Background

Scalds and contact burns in children may occur as the result of spillage of hot food and drinks, including instant hot noodles. This study sought to determine the frequency of noodle burns in children and investigate the thermal properties of instant hot noodles.

Methods

Data on instant hot noodle burns in children were retrieved from the New South Wales Severe Burn Injury Database between 2005 and 2010. Five widely available brands of instant hot noodles, including three cup and two packet varieties, were prepared following the manufacturer's instructions. For each preparation the initial temperature after cooking was recorded, together with the time to cool to 50 °C.

Results

291 children sustained instant hot noodle burns over the 6 year study period, representing 5.4% of all children referred to our burns unit. Over a third received inadequate first aid. Cup noodles cooked with boiling water reached the highest temperature of over 80 °C and took the longest time to cool to 50 °C: on average 52.3 min. Cup noodles in smaller, narrower containers achieved higher post-cooking temperatures compared to noodles in wider, bowel shaped containers. Packet noodles cooked in a Microwave oven attained lower peak temperatures and shorter cooling times compared to cup noodles.

Conclusions

Although relatively uncommon in children, instant hot noodle burns often received inadequate first aid. When cooked according to manufacturer's instructions, noodles generally exceeded temperatures sufficient to cause a burn. Consumers and parents need to be aware of the risks of burn when preparing these foods.     

Comparison of the short-term and long-term results of the Ponseti method in the treatment of idiopathic pes equinovarus

Purpose

Congenital club foot is one of the most common birth defects involving the musculoskeletal system. At present two methods are used for the treatment of this deformity: French and Ponseti method. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term (up to three years) and long-term (three to seven years) results of treatment with the Ponseti method.

Methods

A total of 195 consecutive infants (143 boys and 52 girls) with idiopathic club foot treated with the Ponseti method in the period of 2005–2012 were included in this study; the total number of feet was 303. The severity of the foot deformity was classified according to Diméglio. When relapse occurred up until three years of age, we started with the casting again. If conservative treatment was unsuccessful we proceeded to surgical treatment.

Results

Primary correction was attained in all cases. Surgical correction of relapses was performed in 30 % of patients according to the Ponseti method (re-tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and transposition of the tibialis anterior) and in 70 % by alternative techniques. The number of relapses indicated for surgery increased with increasing period of follow-up: whereas in patients where the treatment started already in 2005 relapses occurred in 72 %, in patients included in 2011 the number of recurrences only reached 3 %.

Conclusions

It follows from our results that it is impossible to cure all club feet with casting, tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and transposition of the tibialis anterior only.     

软骨细胞接种小孔径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物支架的方法选择

目的 探讨软骨细胞接种小孔径聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)支架的最佳接种方法. 方法 实验分3组(n=9):注射组、负压组、振荡组,取纤维蛋白原溶液混悬第2代软骨细胞,采用上述3种方法对孔隙率为92％、孔径为50 ～ 100 μm的PLGA支架进行细胞接种.48 h后,Hoechst33258法检测支架内DNA含量;接种并观察支架内含异硫氰酸荧光素的无细胞纤维蛋白原凝胶的分布;硬组织切片、4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色观察支架内细胞分布.7d后,扫描电镜观察支架表面及内部的细胞形态.各组部分支架(n=3)植入裸鼠皮下,以无细胞PLGA支架为空白对照组,术后8周取出支架行甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色,并计算累积吸光度(IOD)值. 结果 注射组、负压组、振荡组平均DNA含量分别为(755.79±80.50)、(657.32±89.68)、(650.18±106.33)ng/mg,各组比较差异均无统计学意义(F=1.214,P=0.361).无细胞纤维蛋白凝胶在各组中都均匀分布,DAPI染色显示注射组细胞分布较其他两组均匀.扫描电镜显示负压组和振荡组外周细胞较注射组多,而支架孔隙内仅注射组可见细胞黏附.注射组甲苯胺蓝、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色的IOD值均优于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 对于50 ～ 100 μm的小孑L径PLGA支架,注射法是一种快捷、高效的细胞接种方法.     

Repeated image analyses improves accuracy in assessing arterial flow-mediated dilatation

Objectives. A high degree of variability has been reported regarding the ultrasound-based assessment of flow-mediated dilatation. We wanted to investigate the variability and find out how it might be reduced most efficiently. Design. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation was measured by high-resolution ultrasound in 22 healthy adults on two consecutive days. Two observers analysed all images twice. The total variance was split into variance components and estimated hierarchically using the method of restricted maximum likelihood. Results. The relative proportional contributions from intraobserver (residual), interobserver, interpatient and interday variance components, with percentage dilatation as outcome variable, were 0.41, 0.18, 0.25, and 0.15, respectively. Conclusions. The major source of variability when assessing flow-mediated dilatation was found to be intraobserver variability. The simplest way to reduce total variability is for the observer to average results from repeated image analyses. We suggest that three repetitions are sufficient. This will reduce the total variance by 30%.     

下颌角截骨术后咀嚼效率的评估

目的评估下颌角截骨术对患者咀嚼效率的影响。方法选择15例拟行下颌角截骨术（下颌角下颌缘切除合并下颌体部外侧骨皮质劈除术）患者,排除牙周疾病、颞下颌关节疼痛及偏颌等疾病,采用杏仁、小枣过筛称重法,分别测量患者术前、术后1个月及术后6个月的咀嚼效率。结果患者术后1个月与术前相比咀嚼效率明显减小,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术后1个月相比,咀嚼效率明显增大,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术前相比,差异无统计学意义。结论下颌角截骨术对患者的咀嚼效率无明显影响。