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101.
S. Sarre N. De Klippel P. Herregodts G. Ebinger Y. Michotte 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1994,350(1):15-21
Microdialysis was used to study the biotransformation of l-dopa in intact and denervated striata of rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the substantia nigra. Microdialysis probes were placed in the intact and in the denervated striatum. Observations were then made on freely moving rats. Extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid; HVA) were monitored before, during and after the local administration of l-dopa via the microdialysis probe for 20 min.A dose-dependent increase in extracellular dopamine levels was seen in intact striatum after application of l-dopa in concentrations ranging between 100 nmol/l and 10 mol/l. In the denervated striatum, the severity of the lesion influenced dopamine formation, so that no dose-effect relation could be established.The effects of the continuous intra striatal infusion of nomifensine, tetrodotoxin or benserazide on the l-dopa-induced dopamine outflow revealed that in the intact striatum this dopamine release is mainly voltage dependent. It was concluded that in the denervated striatum other cells of non-neuronal origin and containing aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase make a major contribution to the increase in extracellular dopamine levels. Furthermore, l-dopa itself shows no dopamine-releasing properties, at least under the present experimental conditions.
Correspondence to: S. Sarre at the above address 相似文献
102.
Astrid Hagelüken Rahel Burde Bernd Nürnberg Rainer Harhammer Armin Buschauer Roland Seifert 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1995,351(3):305-308
Formyl peptides activate superoxide anion (O2
–) formation in human neutrophils and in HL-60 cells via pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), and histamine (HA) mediates inhibition of O2
– formation via H2-receptors. We have studied the effects of lipophilic arpromidine-derived guanidines, which are potent, full H2-receptor agonists in the guinea pig atrium, on O2
– formation and on activation of G-proteins in HL-60 membranes and on purified G-proteins. We have also studied the effects of a HA trifluoromethyl-toluidide derivative (HTMT), a cationic-amphiphilic HA derivative which activates O2
– formation in HL-60 cells through a mechanism which is independent of known HA receptor subtypes, on G-protein activation. Guanidines, at concentrations, up to 30 mol/l inhibited and, at concentrations above 30 mol/l, enhanced formyl peptide-induce O2
– formation in neutrophils. In HL-60 cells, guanidines per se activated O2
– formation. The stimulatory effects of guanidines on O2
– formation were not inhibited by H1- or H2-receptor antagonists. In HL-60 membranes, guanidines and HTMT, activated high-affinity GTPase in a PTX-sensitive manner. These substances also increased GTP hydrolysis effected by transducin and Gi/Go-proteins. Our data suggest that lipophilic guanidines and HTMT may act as receptor-independent activators of PTX-sensitive G-proteins, resulting in stimulation of O
2
–
formation. 相似文献
103.
This report is an update on a group of 46 clinical trial patients who each received 3 free‐standing Endopore® dental implants placed using a 2‐stage surgical approach in the anterior mandible. After an initial healing interval of 10 weeks, the implants were used in each case to retain an overdenture, and at the time of the report. all patients had passed 5 years of continuous function. The 5‐year cumulative "survival" rate based on a life table analysis was 93.4% and this remained unchanged after 6 years. The 5‐year "success rate" was 83.3% when assessed qualitatively with the published criteria of others using a four‐field table analysis categorizing every implant in the study as one of "Grade 1 Success", "survival", "unaccounted for" or "failure". Modified periodontal parameters verified continued peri‐implant soft tissue health. No implant still in function had more than 1.8 mm cumulative bone loss during the first 5 years of function. These results provide clear evidence that Endopore® implants despite their short lengths function at least as well as other dental implant 1 designs used in much longer lengths. 相似文献
104.
观察机械性损伤的海马神经细胞在不同浓度高晶体- 高胶体渗透压溶液中容积的变化。取原代培养大白鼠胚胎的海马神经细胞,用超声波机械损伤细胞后暴露于含0.5 g/L、1 g/L和2.5 g/L氯化钠的细胞培养基中15 m in。结果显示机械性损伤的细胞明显肿胀(P< 0.05)。当细胞暴露于不同浓度的高晶体- 高胶体溶液15 m in 后, 细胞容积与同一实验时间的对照值相比明显下降, 并保持至第7 d (P< 0.05)。表明受到机械性损伤的海马神经细胞在高晶体- 高胶体渗透压环境中的容积调节功能丧失或减弱。 相似文献
105.
Osteochondroma and secondary synovial osteochondromatosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Secondary synovial osteochondromatosis (SOC) is a rare disorder caused by a variety of joint disorders. Two unusual cases
of secondary SOC are presented. The first patient is a 43-year-old man with extensive SOC developing within a bursa surrounding
an osteochondroma of the pubic bone. The second patient is a 23-year-old man who developed florid and progressive SOC of his
hip joint following excision of a femoral neck osteochondroma. SOC recurred despite three excisions over a 15-month period.
Imaging was useful in pre-operative diagnosis of bursal SOC in the first patient and in detecting multiple recurrences in
the second patient. Both cases illustrate prominent SOC developing secondary to osteochondroma. The different hypotheses regarding
bursal and secondary SOC are reviewed.
Received: 8 October 1998 Revision requested: 28 October 1998 Revision received: 13 November 1998 Accepted: 16 November 1998 相似文献
106.
107.
Multiple single units and population responses during inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory response in freely-moving rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moxon KA Gerhardt GA Bickford PC Austin K Rose GM Woodward DJ Adler LE 《Brain research》1999,825(1-2):75-85
Paired clicks were presented to awake, freely-moving rats to examine neuronal activity associated with inhibitory gating of responses to repeated auditory stimuli. The rats had bundles of eight microwires implanted into each of four different brain areas: CA3 region of the hippocampus, medial septal nucleus, brainstem reticular nucleus, and the auditory cortex. Single-unit recordings from each wire were made while the local auditory-evoked potential was also recorded. The response to a conditioning stimulus was compared to the response to a test stimulus delivered 500 ms later: the ratio of the test response to the conditioning response provided a measure of inhibitory gating. Auditory-evoked potentials were recorded at all sites. Overall, brainstem reticular nucleus neurons showed the greatest gating of local auditory-evoked potentials, while the auditory cortex showed the least. However, except for the auditory cortex, both gating and non-gating of the evoked response were recorded at various times in all brain regions. Gating of the hippocampal response was significantly correlated with gating in the medial septal nucleus and brainstem reticular nucleus, but not the auditory cortex. Single-unit neuron firing in response to the clicks was most pronounced in the brainstem reticular nucleus and the medial septal nucleus, while relatively few neurons responded in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the auditory cortex. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that inhibitory gating of the auditory-evoked response originates in the non-lemniscal pathway and not in cortical areas of the rat brain. 相似文献
108.
Identification of amino-terminal sequences contributing to tryptophan hydroxylase tetramer formation
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin. In the rabbit, TPH exists
as a tetramer of four identical 51-kDa subunits comprised of 444 amino acids each. The enzyme consists of an amino-terminal
regulatory domain and a carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain. Previous studies demonstrated that within the carboxyl-terminus
of TPH, there resides an intersubunit binding domain (a leucine zipper) that is essential for tetramer formation. However,
it is hypothesized that a 4,3-hydrophobic repeat identified within the regulatory domain of TPH (residues 21–41) may also
be involved in macromolecular assembly. To test this hypothesis, a series of amino-terminal deletions (NΔ15, 30, 41, and 90)
were created and assessed for macromolecular structure using size-exclusion chromatography. The amino-terminal deletion NΔ15,
upstream from the 4,3-hydrophobic repeat, was capable of forming tetramers. However, when a portion of the 4,3-hydrophobic
repeat was deleted (NΔ30), a heterogeneous elution pattern of tetramers, dimers, and monomers was observed. Complete removal
of the 4,3-hydrophobic repeat (NΔ41) rendered the enzyme incapable of forming tetramers; a monomeric form predominated. In
addition, a double-point mutation (V28R-L31R) was created in the hydrophobic region of the enzyme. The introduction of two
arginines (R) at positions 28 and 31 respectively, in the helix disrupted the native tetrameric state of TPH. According to
size-exclusion chromatography analysis, the double-point mutant (V28R-L31R) formed dimers of 127 kDa. Thus, it is concluded
that there is information within the amino-terminus that is necessary for tetramer formation of TPH. This additional intersubunit
binding domain in the amino-terminus is similar to that found in the carboxyl-terminus. 相似文献
109.
Mild experimental brain injury differentially alters the expression of neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor mRNAs in the hippocampus 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The molecular events responsible for impairments in cognition following mild traumatic brain injury are poorly understood. Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been identified as having a role in learning and memory. We have previously demonstrated that following experimental brain trauma of moderate severity (2.0-2.1 atm), mRNA levels of BDNF and its high-affinity receptor, trkB, are increased bilaterally in the hippocampus for several hours, whereas NT-3 mRNA expression is decreased. In the present study, we used in situ hybridization to compare BDNF, trkB, NT-3, and trkC mRNA expression in rat hippocampus at 3 or 6 h after a lateral fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) of mild severity (1.0 atm) to sham-injured controls at equivalent time points. Mild FPI induced significant increases in hybridization levels for BDNF and trkB mRNAs, and a decrease in NT-3 mRNA in the hippocampus. However, in contrast to the bilateral effects of moderate experimental brain injury, the present changes with mild injury were restricted to the injured side. These findings demonstrate that even a mild traumatic brain injury differentially alters neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor levels in the hippocampus. Such alterations may have important implications for neural plasticity and recovery of function in people who sustain a mild head injury. 相似文献
110.
Eckert GP Cairns NJ Müller WE 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1999,106(7-8):757-761
Summary. The in vitro effects of piracetam treatment on the fluidity of membranes from the hippocampus of Alzheimer's Disease patients (AD) and
non-demented controls were studied. Hippocampal membranes of AD patients showed a significant lower hydrocarbon core fluidity
compared with membranes from elderly non-demented controls. Preincubation with piracetam enhanced the hydrocarbon core fluidity
of hippocampal membranes from AD-patients as well as elderly controls in a concentration depending fashion, although the effect
was more pronounced for the AD membranes. In the presence of piracetam, the difference of the membrane fluidity between AD
and control membranes was not longer apparent.
Received January 18, 1999; accepted April 13, 1999 相似文献