Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered sodium dichloroacetate in rabbits

ＰｈａｒｍａｃｏｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｓｏｆｉｎｔｒａｖｅｎｏｕｓｌｙａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒｅｄｓｏｄｉｕｍｄｉｃｈｌｏｒｏａｃｅｔａｔｅｉｎｒａｂｂｉｔｓＧｕＢｉｎ（顾斌）；ＳｏｎｇＬｉｎｇ（宋岭）；ＪｉａｎｇＹｏｎｇｐｅｉ（蒋永培）；ＷｅｎＡｉｄｏｎｇ（文...     

人体中氧氟沙星的立体选择性代谢

５名健康志愿者日服单剂３００ｍｇ氧氟沙星［（±）－Ｏｆ１］后，采用立体选择性的ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ手性流动相添加剂法测定尿中Ｓ－（－）－Ｏｆ１和Ｒ－（＋）－Ｏｆ１浓度结果显示Ｏｆ１在人体内呈现立体选择性代谢。尿中排泄的Ｓ－（－）－Ｏｆ１／Ｒ－（＋）－Ｏｆ１之比随时间变化。服药后２ｈＳ／Ｒ是０．８７５，２４ｈ增加到１．１５０．Ｓ－（－）－Ｏｆ１的消除半衰期（ｔ１／２）是４．５７ｈ；消除速率常数（ｋ）是０．１５４ｈ；药时曲线下的面积（ＡＵＣ）为１．１７ｍｇ·ｈ－１．ｍＬ－１；Ｒ－（＋）－Ｏｆ１的ｔ１／２为４．１８ｈ，ｋ为０．１６８ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ是１．７８ｍｇ·ｈ－１·ｍＬ－１；经配对ｔ检验这三对参数间有显著性差异，Ｐ值分别小于０．０１，０．００１和０．００５．因此两对映体在人体内呈现立体选择性处置     

单道感应式人工耳蜗装置的研制

感应式人工耳蜗装置将声音信息转变并处理为适当的电信号之后,采用电磁感应的方式将此信号送至植入全聋患者内耳耳蜗靠近听神经纤维的作用电极上,刺激神经发放冲动,使全聋患者恢复音感。本装置经临床全聋患者使用,取得较满意效果。     

Variability of the pattern electroretinogram

Conflicting results have been obtained concerning the parametric properties of the pattern electroretinogram. These discrepancies may be due to the large amount of variability inherent in recording amplitudes. We have found the variability within a single stimulus condition to be so large (ranging from 30% to 67% of the mean value) that it could mask any underlying spatial frequency tuning. Changing the stimulus conditions failed to significantly reduce the observed variability, although changing recording conditions produced some reduction. The use of a narrower rejection band, a greater number of sweeps, and placement of the reference electrode on the ipsilateral ear (as opposed to the ipsilateral temple) combined to decrease variability of the pattern electroretinogram within a single recording session; however, intersession variability remained high. Therefore one must be careful in evaluating data from this technique, and caution is advised in its clinical use.     

Influence of individually estimated portion size on the assessment of nutritional risk in colorectal cancer in Portugal

We evaluated the influence of individually estimated portion sizes on the estimate of nutrient related risk of colorectal cancer, using data from a Portuguese hospital based case-control study on diet and colorectal cancer. A total of 100 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (aged 15-92 years) and 211 controls (aged 36-89 years) were included. Two data sets were created for nutrient analysis, the first one allowed estimates of food intake using data on portion size as collected with visual aids during the interview. The second estimate substituted respondents' estimate with a standard portion size, as used in the semi-quantitative (SQ) food frequency approach. The two analytic approaches yielded similar energy and nutrient intakes in cases and controls. The percent range of concordance is acceptable, in the same quartile varying from 44 to 82% (mean: 56%) and very good in the same or adjacent (+/-1) quartile (mean: 91%, range: 85-97%). The two estimates lead to a similar pattern of multivariate odd's ratio, however the SQ estimates resulted in more significant findings. We conclude that little extra information is gained by including individual portion size information when assessing diet-related risk of colorectal cancer.     

反义核苷酸抑制人高迁移率族蛋白1表达对胰腺癌细胞的影响

目的　构建高迁移率族蛋白 1(HMGB1)基因的反义真核表达载体 ,寻找胰腺癌基因治疗新途径。方法应用分子克隆技术构建HMGB1基因反义真核表达载体 pcDNA3 1/antisense HMGB1,转染胰腺癌细胞株PANC 1,通过逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)、免疫印迹法 (Westernblot)、噻唑蓝 (MTT)比色法检测转染 4 8h后胰腺癌细胞HMGB1基因表达和体外增殖活性的变化。结果　成功构建 pcDNA3 1/antisense HMGB1反义真核表达载体。所获反义表达载体 pcDNA3 1/antisense HMGB1转染可使PANC 1细胞HMGB1mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低 (P <0 0 1)。反义 pcDNA3 1/antisense HMGB1的导入能有效抑制PANC 1增殖活性 (P <0 0 1)。 结论　应用反义RNA技术阻断HMGB1基因的表达 ,能有效抑制癌细胞的体外增殖活性 ,为基因治疗提供了新思路     

早期饮食干预对婴幼儿呼吸道变态反应疾病的影响

目的 观察早期饮食干预对婴幼儿呼吸道变态反应疾病发展的影响。方法 选取2003年1月-2004年6月复旦大学附属儿科医院0～6月变态反应疾病高危婴儿176例，在进行环境控制的前提下，随机分为干预组（饮食干预）和非干预组，随访两组患儿变态反应疾病发生、发展的情况。结果 （1）在干预6、12、18个月后，干预组发生两种以上变态反应疾病的人数均显著少于非干预组，过敏症状的严重程度较非干预组也显著减轻（P〈0．005）。（2）饮食干预18个月后，两组患儿在吸入性过敏原筛查阳性比例上的差异没有显著性（χ^2=0．002，P=0．969），但干预组患儿的肺功能显著优于非干预组（P〈0．005）、干预组的食物过敏原筛查阳性比例显著低于非干预组（χ^2=8．91，P〈0．01）。结论 对变态反应性疾病高危婴儿进行饮食干预，能减轻或消除呼吸道变态反应疾病症状，改善肺功能。     

Evaluation of the epidermal refractive index measured by optical coherence tomography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has recently been proposed that the refractive index (RI) measured by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be a valid measure for hydration of skin. In this pilot study, using OCT in vivo, we aimed to investigate the interday variability of RI measurements and acute changes of RI following the application of a moisturizer. METHODS: Twenty healthy Caucasian volunteers were investigated on their forearms using a commercially available OCT system (SkinDex 300, ISIS optronics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) fitted with an integrated algorithm for the evaluation of the RI. The interday repeatability of the OCT method was determined performing symmetrical measurements on both forearms on day 1, 5, 9, and 13. In order to investigate the acute effect of a moisturizer on RI, OCT assessments were performed before and 10 min after the application of an aqueous lotion with a lipophilic phase. As a control, the contralateral site was investigated in the same way, except for the use of distilled water instead of the lotion. RESULTS: Assessments of interday variability revealed insignificant (P>0.05) variances between the four measurement times as expressed in very small repeatability coefficients (right arm: 0.039; left arm 0.053) and small coefficients of variance (right arm: 1.02%; left arm: 1.38%). With regard to the RIs measured over time, we could not observe significant (P>0.05) differences between the two symmetrical anatomic sites (mean+/-SD of RI: 1.3893+/-0.0142 (right arm); 1.3875+/-0.0192 (left arm)). The acute effect of the moisturizer was indicated by a significant decrease of the RI 5 min after the application of the lotion (1.399+/-0.01 vs. 1.387+/-0.02; difference between means: 0.012; P=0.033; 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.0023). However the control site treated with distilled water did not show significant differences between the two measurement times (1.387+/-0.013 vs. 1.391+/-0.023; difference between means: -0.004; P=0.57; 95% confidence interval: -0.019-0.011). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we have demonstrated that RI evaluation via OCT is a promising technique that may be used for the assessment of skin hydration in vivo. However, the direct comparison of OCT with standard methods, ideally such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is necessary.     

高原地区健康老年人重返平原后外周血T细胞亚群变化的观察

用单克隆抗体测定了移居高原的老年人重返平原后的T细胞亚群的变化结果:①移居西宁(2260m)组、天峻(3000m)组在西宁所测的OKT_3、OKT_4、OKT_8及OKT_4/OKT_8值与在苏州所测的当地老年人无差异。②移居西宁组急返平原后OKT_3、OKT_8水平明显低于返回平原后居住一年以上者(以下简称返回组)(P<0.01～0.001)但OKT_4/OKT_8无差异。③返回组与世居苏州老年人相比,前者OKT_3、OKT_4、OKT_8及OKT_4。OKT_8增高,其中OKT_3、OKT_4增高明显(P<0.01～0.02),作者认为长期移居高原返回平原后T细胞亚群也可能存在一“脱适应”阶段,即机体重新调整重新平衡的一种形式,这一阶段可能需一年以上。     

Alpha and gamma motoneurons in the peroneal nuclei of the cat spinal cord: an ultrastructural study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ultrastructural features can be used as a guide to identify alpha- and gamma-motoneurons among the intermediate-size neurons of the peroneal motor nuclei. The peroneus brevis and peroneus tertius muscles of adult cats were injected with horseradish peroxidase, and motoneurons labeled by retrograde axonal transport were examined by electron microscopy. In both nuclei, the distributions of cell-body diameters, measured in the light microscope, were bimodal covering the range of 28-84 microns, with a trough around 50 microns. The sample of 25 motoneurons selected for the ultrastructural study included not only large (presumed alpha) and small (presumed gamma) neurons but also intermediate-size cell bodies with diameters in the 40-60 microns range. For each motoneuron, 2-5 profiles were reconstructed from ultrathin sections taken at 6-8 microns intervals. Synaptic boutons were counted and their lengths of apposition were measured. On the basis of three criteria, namely: (1) bouton types present on the membrane, (2) percentage of membrane length covered by synapses, and (3) the aspect of the nucleolus, all the examined motoneurons, including those with intermediate sizes, fell into one of two categories. Fourteen motoneurons, with cell-body diameters in a range of 55-84 microns, were contacted by all types of boutons (mainly S-type with spherical vesicles, F-type with flattened vesicles, and C-type with subsynaptic cistern); the synaptic covering of the somatic membrane was over 40% and the nucleus contained a vacuolated nucleolus. These were considered alpha-motoneurons. Eleven motoneurons, with only S and F boutons, a synaptic covering under 30%, a compact nucleolus and a cell-body diameter ranging between 28 and 50 microns, were considered gamma-motoneurons. No other combination of the three criteria was observed. These results show that unequivocal distinction of alpha- and gamma-motoneurons is possible in the peroneal nuclei, on the basis of morphological differences independent of cell-body size.