阳离子抗菌肽研究进展

阳离子抗菌肽广泛分布于多种生物 ,越来越多的证据表明它们在机体天然免疫中有着重要的作用。广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤细胞及其它特性也使得其具有潜在的医药价值。对抗菌肽的研究正不断深入。该文从一般性质、作用机制、构效关系、重组表达、应用价值、存在的问题与发展方向等方面 ,对阳离子抗菌肽的最新研究进展进行综述     

倒卵叶五加总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠左心功能和血清一氧化氮及血浆内皮素的影响

目的　观察倒卵叶五加总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠左心功能和血清一氧化氮 (NO)及血浆内皮素 (ET)的影响。方法　建立在体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,用心功能分析系统测定左室心功能 ,用酶法测定血清NO水平及放免法测定血浆ET水平。实验分假手术组 (sham)、心肌缺血再灌注损伤组 (IR)和倒卵叶五加总皂苷 (SAOH ,10 0mg·Kg-1)治疗组。结果　IR组左室LVSP ,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax,+dp/dtmax/IP明显下降 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,血清NO水平明显降低 ,而血浆ET水平则显著升高(P <0 .0 0 1) ;SAOH能够明显改善缺血再灌注损伤大鼠左心LVSP ,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax,+dp/dtmax/IP ,提高血清NO ,降低血浆ET ,恢复NO/ET平衡 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　倒卵叶五加总皂苷能提高心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清NO水平和降低血浆ET含量 ,恢复NO/ET平衡 ,改善左心舒缩功能。     

氧氟沙星加双黄连注射液静脉滴注致肝损害1例

氧氟沙星 (ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ)和双黄连 (Ｓｈｕａｎｇｈｕａｎｇｌｉ ａｎ)已成为临床常用的抗菌药 ,但其不良反应亦不可忽视。我们曾遇见 1例用该 2药治疗上呼吸道感染引起严重肝功能损害 ,报道如下。病人男性 ,2 1ａ。主要因咽痛、咯痰、发热 2ｄ入院。病人于入院前 2ｄ出现咽痛、咯黄痰、胸痛、发热 (Ｔ38.9℃ )。诊断为上呼吸道感染。在当地卫生所给予氧氟沙星注射液(四川科伦大药厂生产 ,规格 :1 0 0ｍＬ :0 .2ｇ批号 0 1 30 1 2 )0 .2ｇ(1 0 0ｍＬ) +双黄连注射液 (齐齐哈尔第二制药厂生产 ,规格 :每支 2 0ｍＬ批号 30 0 1 32 ) 2 0…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术时间对机体免疫功能的影响

目的　研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术时间长短对机体免疫功能的影响。方法　将 4 0例胆囊切除术病人按手术时间长短分为两组 ,A组 (<1h) ,B组 (≥ 1h) ,每组 2 0例。围手术期测T淋巴细胞亚群 (包括CD3 、CD4、CD8及CD4/CD8比值 )、免疫球蛋白 (IgA、IgM、IgG)和补体 (C3 、C4)浓度。结果　外周血CD3 、CD4含量 ,血清IgG浓度 ,两组手术后明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,两组间相比差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。外周血CD4/CD8比值 ,血清IgM、IgA ,C3 及C4浓度只有在B组手术后明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中外周血CD4/CD8比值、C3 浓度在两组间比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )外 ,其余无差异。结论　腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术时间的延长进一步抑制机体免疫功能。     

复方α-酮酸片治疗慢性肾功能不全胱抑素-C改变的临床研究

目的：观察复方α—酮酸片治疗慢性肾功能不全的临床效果及对胱抑素(Cys—C)改变的影响。方法：选择慢性肾功能不全患60例，简单随机分成治疗组30例及对照组30例，对照组采取低蛋白低磷饮食治疗及西医对症处理；治疗组在对照组的基础上结合复方α—酮酸片治疗；选取正常体检30例作为正常组，观察(Cys—C)、Scr、TC、HB、HDL治疗前后的变化，Cys—C采用乳胶颗粒增强比浊法测定，Scr、TH、HB、HDL采用常规方法测定。结果：治疗组和对照组治疗前后各项指标相比均有所改善，治疗组治疗后Cys—C、Scr水平明显下降(P＜0．05)。结论：复方α—酮酸片能改善患肾功能、血脂紊乱和营养状况，并为Cys-C早期诊断慢性肾功能不全提供临床理论依据。     

通心络与硝酸甘油治疗心力衰竭临床分析

目的：研究通心络胶囊与硝酸甘油对慢性心力衰竭患的-陆床疗效。方法：将112例心衰患随机分为通心络组(60例)和常规组(52例)，常规组予硝酸甘油及常规综合治疗，通心络组在以上治疗基础上加用通心络胶囊，每日3餐后口服，每次3粒。在治疗前及治疗后2wk分别行超声心动图、血液流变和临床检查，观察加用通心络后心功能和血流变的变化。结果：通心络组总有效率高于常规组，心功能改善明显，两组血流变值均有显降低。结论：通心络胶囊可以改善心衰患心功能和凝血功能，可以作为治疗该病的辅助药物。     

纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死的临床有效性分析

目的探讨纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法将122例急性脑梗死病人随机分为纳洛酮组(62例)和对照组(60例).纳洛酮组用5% GS 250 ml+纳络酮注射液 0.8 mg 静滴,每日2次;对照组用5% GS 250 ml+复方丹参 16 ml 静滴,每日1次.疗程均为 14 d,在1个疗程后进行疗效和起效时间比较.结果纳洛酮组总有效率为 93.5%,对照组为 76.7%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);纳洛酮组的起效时间明显快于对照组(P<0.05).结论纳洛酮治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效显著.     

急性非等容血液稀释对开颅病人颅内压及凝血功能影响

目的 探讨急性非等容血液稀释对开颅病人的颅内压和凝血功能的影响。方法 选择择期开颅肿瘤切除病人18例，麻醉诱导前行蛛网膜下腔穿刺，监测颅内压(ICP)，并由足背动脉放血400—600ml，开始诱导同时经外围静脉快速补充2—2．5倍于采血量的等效肢体和晶体。麻醉采用静吸复合全麻，术中连续监测有创血压、心率、氧饱和度，分别于血液稀释前后监测ICP，中心静脉压(CVP)、活化部分凝血活酶(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血因子1(FIB)、血小板(PLT)、血球压积(HCT)。结果 与血液稀释前相比，血流动力学稳定；PT明显延长(P＜0．05)，PLT、HCT明显降低(P＜0．05)，但仍在正常范围内，APTT、FIB差异无显著意义(P＞0．05)；颅内压无明显增高。结论 急性非等容血液稀释对开颅手术病人的颅内压和凝血功能无明显影响，是一种安全有效的、简便的血液保护方法。     

In vitro tests for essential sperm functions using the phyto-oestrogen genistein as a test substance

Sperm motility, binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida and induction of the acrosome reaction are prerequisites for successful oocyte fertilization. Examination of the physiological and nonphysiological effects of particular compounds on sperm functions requires high-quality in vitro test systems. In this short methodological overview, a reliable combined in vitro test system with bovine gametes is described. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether aliquots of pooled post-thaw spermatozoa are suitable for examination of environmental substances that affect essential sperm functions. The combined test system includes a number of known methods for the assessment of sperm vitality and motion parameters, acrosomal status, inducibility of acrosome reaction and sperm zona pellucida binding. First observations indicate that genistein inhibits the induction of acrosomal exocytosis and binding of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. Motility parameters and the viability of bovine spermatozoa were not affected by this substance. It is concluded that genistein, a phyto-oestrogen which is abundant in several plants, can be used as a test substance for the evaluation of effects upon essential bovine sperm functions in vitro.     

Injury of Mouse Brain Mitochondria Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract and Effect of Vitamin C on It in vitro

Objective To investigate the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on mouse brain mitochondria as well as the protective effect of vitamin C in vitro. Method Mouse brain mitochondria in vitro was incubated with CSE or nicotine in the absence or presence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, and the changes of mitochondrial function and structure were measured. Results CSE inhibited mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase activities in a dose-dependent manner.However, no significant changes in the peroxidation indices were observed when mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activity was inhibited, and protection of mitochondria from CSE-induced injury by vitamin C was not displayed in vitro. The effect of CSE on mouse brain mitochondria swelling response to calcium stimulation was dependent on calcium concentrations. CSE inhibited swelling of mitochondria at 6.5 μmol/L Ca^2 , but promoted swelling response at 250μmol/L Ca^2 . Nicotine, the major component of cigarette smoke, showed no significant damage in mouse brain mitochondria in vitro. The CSE treatment induced mitochondrial inner membrane damage and vacuolization of the matrix, whereas the outer mitochondrial membrane appeared to be preserved. Conclusion The toxic effect of CSE on brain mitochondria may be due to its direct action on enzymatic activity rather than through oxygen free radical injury. Nicotine is not the responsible component for the toxicity of CSE to brain mitochondria.