肾上腺素对颅内微创血肿清除术患者的影响

目的探讨肾上腺素对颅内微创血肿清除术后的影响。方法对86例基底节区脑出血行微创血肿清除术,术后随机分成两组。A组使用尿激酶加肾上腺素液化血肿,B组予常规尿激酶液化血肿。将两组治疗结果进行临床对比。结果 A组43例中,恢复良好生活能自理27例(62.79%),部分生活自理中残10例(23.26%),重残4例(9.30%),死亡2例(4.65%)。B组43例中恢复良好生活能自理的22例(51.16%),部分生活自理中残12例(27.91%),重残5例(11.63%),死亡4例(9.30%)。术后第1天复查头颅CT,血肿体积A组明显比B组小;两组术后血肿体积及神经功能评分存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论颅内微创血肿清除术后尿激酶加肾上腺素液化血肿,治疗效果明显优于常规尿激酶液化血肿。肾上腺素对于颅内血肿有明显收缩血管、止血、防止血肿因尿激酶溶解血块后继发性出血作用。     

两种不同颅骨钻孔引流方式治疗老年慢性硬脑膜下血肿的对比研究

目的针对两种不同颅骨钻孔引流术方式（单孔与双孔）治疗老年慢性硬脑膜下血肿的临床疗效进行对比分析。方法将我院从2006年5月至2010年9月收治的180例病患随机均分为两组。分别采用颅骨单孔引流术和颅骨双孔引流术治疗，并进行病情复查及随访，对疗效结果与改善情况进行统计对比分析。结果两种不同颅骨钻孔引流术均有较好清除血肿的治疗效果。单孔组治愈65例，有效21例，未愈4例，总治愈率72．2％（65／90），血肿复发率为17．8％（16／90）；双孔组治愈68例，有效20例，未愈2例，总治愈率75．5％（68／90），血肿复发率为6．7％（6／90）。两组治愈率数据差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；两组血肿复发率数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论两种不同的颅骨钻孔引流术均可取得良好手术治疗效果，双孔引流术可降低术后血肿复发率。     

Subepicardial Aneurysm: Echocardiographic Evaluation and Evolution

Subepicardial aneurysms (SEA) are an infrequent and serious form of subacute cardiac rupture complicating myocardial infarction. An early diagnosis and surgical repair may be life saving. SEA comprise an abrupt interruption of the myocardium, with a narrow neck and thin wall containing only the epicardium. It may progress to fatal cardiorrhexis. We describe the echocardiographic evolution of this type of cardiac rupture and the contribution of contrast-enhanced echocardiography. A possible pathophysiological mechanism is proposed.     

Myocardial Hematoma Documented by Transthoracic Echocardiography After Sequential Coronary Artery Stenting

We report the case of a patient who deteriorated suddenly while undergoing endoluminal coronary artery reconstruction with multiple stents to the left anterior descending coronary artery. With the aid of transthoracic echocardiography, a pericardial effusion was noted; however, dissection of the ventricular wall due to a large myocardial hematoma was also identified. Emergency exploration with evacuation of the pericardial blood with coronary artery bypass graft surgery was successfully accomplished. We discuss the possible factors that could have been associated with this unforeseen complication and the potential benefit of transthoracic echocardiography in early recognition.     

急性脑出血患者血浆N端脑钠肽前体、和肽素的检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑出血患者血浆 N 端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）及和肽素与病情严重程度及脑出血量之间的关系。方法选取该院2011年12月至2013年6月期间诊断为急性脑出血患者109例（脑出血组）和同期体检的健康者32例（对照组）,对脑出血组患者和对照组健康者血浆 NT-proBNP、和肽素水平与格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）进行比较。结果脑出血组血浆NT-proBNP 及和肽素水平明显高于对照组,随病情严重程度及出血量增加呈显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。血浆 NT-proBNP、和肽素水平与脑出血量呈正相关（r＝0．63,r＝0．58,P ＜0．01）,与 GCS 呈负相关（r＝－0．52,r＝－0．46,P ＜0．01）。结论血浆 NT-proBNP、和肽素水平和急性脑出血关系密切,能反映急性脑出血患者病情严重程度。     

Traumatic Lingual Hematoma Resulting in Bilateral Temporal Mandibular Joint Dislocations

Background

Lingual hematoma (LH) is a relatively uncommon entity seen after both medical and traumatic etiologies. Regardless of the cause, the feared complication is acute airway obstruction.

Postbiopsy intramural hematoma of the duodenum in an adult with Noonan's syndrome

Intramural duodenal hematoma is a rare complication of endoscopic biopsy. It is usually seen in children with growth failure and in patients with bleeding disorders or who are anticoagulated. It is frequently associated with acute pancreatitis. We present a case of an adult patient with Noonan's syndrome who developed postbiopsy intraduodenal hematoma. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan established the diagnosis. Conservative treatment was successful. According to a brief review of the literature, patients with Noonan's syndrome may develop hematoma after sampling of the duodenum because they present all the main predisposing factors. Additionally, pulmonic valve stenosis may be another predisposing factor, but this may warrant further investigation.     

Femoral artery catheterization complications: A study of 503 consecutive patients

This report describes a prospective randomized trial of 503 patients who underwent a cardiac catheterization or interventional procedure at a single institution. In an effort to study femoral complications postprocedure, we evaluated three methods of femoral artery hemostasis as well as 38 variables that were felt to potentially relate to local complications. Only a marginally significant relationship between the hemostasis method and complication rate was found. The factors that contributed to femoral artery complications were: restarting heparin postsheath removal, number of procedures done during one hospitalization, noncompliance of the patient with bedrest after the procedure, number of arterial punctures to initiate the procedure, and preprocedure treatment with corticosteroids.     

Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants

BackgroundEmergency departments (EDs) are faced with a growing number of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). However, there remains uncertainty about the bleeding risk, rate of hematoma expansion, and the efficacy of reversal strategies in these patients.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the risk of traumatic hemorrhagic complications in patients with TBI using DOACs.MethodsIn this retrospective study we included patients with TBI. All TBI patients were using DOACs, attended one of the three EDs of our hospital between January 2016 and October 2019, and received a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain. The primary outcome was any traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on CT. Secondary outcomes were the use of reversal agents, secondary neurological deterioration, a neurosurgical intervention within 30 days after the injury, length of stay (LOS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge, and mortality.ResultsOf the included patients (N = 316), 24 patients (7.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2–9.8) presented with a traumatic intracranial hematoma (ICH). Seven patients (2.2%, 95% CI 0.6–3.8) received a reversal agent and 1 patient (0.3%, 95% CI ?0.3–0.9) underwent a neurosurgical intervention. Of the 24 patients with a traumatic ICH, progression of the lesion was seen in 6 patients (1.9%, 95% CI 0.4–3.4). The mean LOS was 6.5 days (95% CI 3.0–10.1) and the mean GOS at discharge was 4 (95% CI 3.6–4.6). Death occurred in 1 patient (0.3%, 95% CI ?0.3–0.9) suffering from an ICH.ConclusionBased on the present findings it can be postulated that TBI patients using DOACs have a low risk for ICH. Hematoma progression occurred, however, in a substantial number of patients. Considering the retrospective nature of the present study, future prospective trials are needed to confirm this finding.     

经胸超声心动图诊断A型主动脉壁间血肿

目的 观察经胸超声心动图诊断A型主动脉壁间血肿的价值。方法 回顾性分析40例经CT血管成像（CTA）确诊的A型主动脉壁间血肿患者的临床资料及超声心动图表现,评价经胸超声心动图诊断A型主动脉壁间血肿的价值。结果 40例A型主动脉壁间血肿患者,男25例（25/40,62.50%）,女15例,发病中位年龄55岁;以胸背部疼痛（36/40,90.00%）为主要症状;其中30例有高血压病史、15例有吸烟史。主动脉壁间血肿超声主要表现为主动脉壁内-中膜与外膜间存在厚薄不均匀低回声;主动脉窦部增宽与年龄、高血压病史相关（r=0.51,P=0.01;r=0.34,P=0.03）。25例（25/40,62.50%）合并主动脉瓣反流,其中21例（21/25,84.00%）为轻度反流;12例合并心包积液,其中10例（10/12,83.33%）为少量积液。结论 经胸超声心动图对诊断A型主动脉壁间血肿有一定价值,并可用于患者随访。