白内障扶贫复明手术探讨

目的：探讨山区白内障扶贫复明手术。方法：采用改良现代白内障囊外摘出术或小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术，对2675只眼白内障施行复明手术。结果：术后第一天矫正视力0．3者57只眼(2．13％)，0．5～0．8者1829只眼(68．37％)，≥0．9者509只眼(19．03％)。角膜水肿71只眼(2.65％)，后囊膜破裂致玻璃体脱出87只眼(3．25％)，全部均可同时植入人工晶体。结论：采用改良的白内障摘除手术，做到开源节流，既能使更多的贫困患者接受复明手术，又保证了手术质量。     

离子对提取比色法测定复方制剂中氨基比林的含量

复方制剂中氨基比林与溴甲酚绿形成稳定的离于对，用氯仿萃取后在４１６．８ｎｍ处测定吸收度．回收率为９９．８０％，相对标准偏差为０．９２％（ｎ＝５）。方法简便快速，结果准确可靠。     

茶叶多糖的研究进展

茶叶多糖是一种复合杂多糖，具有许多生物活性。作者系统地介绍了茶叶多糖的提取、分离、纯化、纯度鉴定及相对分子质量测定的方法，以及其含量和组成、理化性质、化学结构及空间构象、生物活性等方面的研究进展，并对上述方法及研究进展进行了分析和评述。     

Efficacy in intra-oesophageal acid suppression may decrease after 2-year continuous treatment with proton pump inhibitors

BACKGROUND: Long-term intra-oesophageal acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors represents a management option for Barrett's oesophagus and severe reflux oesophagitis, but its stability over time has not been adequately assessed. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate prospectively the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in suppressing intra-oesophageal acidity after 2-year continuous treatment. METHODS: Forty-five patients with Barrett's oesophagus or severe reflux oesophagitis on a proton pump inhibitor regimen (once or twice daily) that normalised the total percentage acid exposure time were re-evaluated by means of 24-h oesophageal pH-monitoring after 2-year of continuous unmodified treatment. RESULTS: A significant rise in the total percentage acid exposure time was observed at 2-year follow-up (P=0.029), owing to an increased value in 27 (60%) cases (9 on a twice daily regimen), higher than normal in 10 of them (22% of the whole group) (3 on a twice daily regimen). In 18 patients (40%) the total percentage acid exposure time was stable or decreased. Heartburn remained efficiently suppressed in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in suppressing intra-oesophageal acidity during continuous treatment may decrease over time, up to abnormal levels of oesophageal acid exposure in a minority of cases. This may occur without heartburn recurrence and with both once and twice daily regimens.     

The Relationship Between Psychogenic Cough and the Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis of Asthma: A Review

The differential diagnoses of persistent nonproductive cough include numerous pulmonary and nonpulmonary organic disorders as well as functional illnesses. Many diseases can cause cough, and several studies have shown asthma among the most common etiologies associated with chronic cough in adult nonsmokers, as well as children. Psychogenic cough and its relationship to asthma and other asthma-like illnesses is complex since distinct maladies with similar features may coexist individually or in combination in any given patient. While chronic cough may occur as a sole presenting manifestation of bronchial asthma in all age groups, recent findings suggest that most children with persistent cough without other respiratory symptoms do not have asthma. Since several organic, as well as functional diseases, may present with persistent cough as their sole manifestation in either adults or children, cough should not be used as a single or major determinant to diagnose and treat asthma, especially when empirically focused therapy trials fail. Given the range of illnesses causing cough, no single management guideline can be expected to be universally effective.     

应激性溃疡时幽门区局部一氧化氮含量变化对胆汁返流的影响及机理探讨

目的探讨胆汁返流与幽门区局部神经递质一氧化氮的变化对应激性溃疡发病的影响及可能的机理。方法采用冷束缚应激方法复制应激性溃疡的动物模型，将60只成年SD大鼠分为两部分，第1部分：对照组10只，溃疡组30只，用于观测影响应激性溃疡发生的相关因素；第2部分：左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯（L—NAME）预处理组10只（L—NAME组），生理盐水预处理组10只（生理盐水组），用于观测幽门区局部一氧化氮含量变化对其他因素的影响。分别检测各组胃内胆汁酸浓度、胃黏膜溃疡指数（Guth评分）以及胃内pH值，用生化试剂盒检测幽门区一氧化氮的含量。结果溃疡组应激结束后1h幽门区一氧化氮含量达到峰值（P〈0．01），应激结束后2h胃内胆汁酸浓度和pH值均达到峰值（P〈0．01），应激结束后4h胃内溃疡指数达到峰值（P〈0．01）。L-NAME组的胃内胆汁酸浓度、溃疡指数及一氧化氮含量较生理盐水组显著降低（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），而胃内pH值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。幽门区一氧化氮含量与胆汁酸浓度呈正相关（r=0．715，F=12．55，P=0．017）。结论幽门区一氧化氮含量变化与胆汁的返流量之间存在正相关关系，而L—NAME的幽门区局部干预使幽门区一氧化氮含量减少，幽门松弛程度降低，胆汁返流量也随之减少，进而降低溃疡指数，起到保护胃黏膜的作用。     

芪丹煎剂有效成分提取方法优选研究

目的:研究芪丹煎剂有效成分超声法提取的最适条件.方法:利用正交试验设计,对水量、提取时间和提取次数进行分析,找出最适条件.按最适条件重复3次,考察重复性.结果:水量为14倍、提取时间为30min,提取次数为3次时有效成分的总含量最大,3次平行试验有效成分总含量RSD为0.86%.结论:超声法提取的最佳条件为:水量14倍、提取时间30min,提取次数3次.本方法重复性较好.     

Risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children: Ukraine European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Group

The prevalence of wheezing in children varies widely around the world. The reasons for this geographic variability remain unclear but may be related in part to exposures in the home environment during pregnancy and early childhood. We investigated the prenatal and early childhood risk factors for wheezing symptoms among 2127 children aged 6–8 years who were participants in the Ukrainian component of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). Cases included the 169 children whose parents answered yes to the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) question: 'Has your child had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months' during the ELSPAC assessment of the children at age 7. These were compared with the 1861 children in the cohort whose parents answered 'no' to this question.
Factors significantly associated with increased risk of wheezing illness at age 7 in adjusted analyses included mother's asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 9.85]; mother's allergy problems (OR 1.43, [1.00, 2.05]); rarely playing with other children at age 3 (OR 1.84, [1.09, 3.11]); water intrusion (OR 1.62, [1.09, 2.39]) and inadequate heating of the home (OR 1.52, [1.06, 2.16]) during pregnancy. Factors protective of wheezing at age 7 included being first-born (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98); living in the city of Dniprodzerzynsk as compared with Kyiv (OR 0.36, [0.24, 0.54]) and weekly contact with furry animals (OR 0.44, [0.20, 0.97]) before age 3. The constellation of risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children is similar to that of children in other parts of the world. Known risk factors do not account for the significant between-city variability of wheezing in Ukrainian children.     

Indirect radionuclide cystography: a sensitive technique for the detection of vesico-ureteral reflux

The detection or exclusion of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) has classically been by micturating cystourethrography (MCUG). Radionuclide cystography will detect VUR but fails to provide the same detailed anatomical informations as MCUG. This study allowed a comparison of indirect radionuclide cystography (IRC) and MCUG in 65 children. Renal reflux was detected by IRC in 32% of renal units, while VUR was seen in 36% by MCUG. When a comparison was made with MCUG, IRC had a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 90.5%. The markedly reduced radiation dose, avoidance of a bladder catheter plus the ability to monitor the urinary tract constantly during the entire procedure should ensure that IRC is the examination of choice in follow-up studies for VUR in all toilet-trained children.     

人工晶体植入术中晶体后囊破裂的原因分析及处理

分析白内障摘除并后房型人工晶体植入术中发生晶体后囊破裂的原因和讨论处理方法。分析５５例（５５眼）白内障摘除并后房型人工晶体植入术中发生晶体后囊破裂的原因，裂口形态，大小及部位。根据具体情况采用不同处理方法。该术中合并症好发于抽吸晶体皮质及植入人工晶体时，各２１例（３８．２％），后囊破裂大小约３ｍｍ的３９例（７０．９％），５ｍｍ的１３例（２３．６％）。大于６ｍｍ的３例（５．５％）。后囊破裂的部位及形