Persistent inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm and hyphae growth on titanium by graphene nanocoating

ObjectivesCandida albicanscolonizes biomaterial surfaces and are highly resistant to therapeutics. Graphene nanocoating on titanium compromises initial biofilm formation. However, its sustained antibiofilm potential is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of graphene nanocoating to decrease long-term fungal biofilm development and hyphae growth on titanium.MethodsGraphene nanocoating was deposited twice (TiGD) or five times (TiGV) on grade 4 titanium with vacuum assisted technique and characterized with Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The biofilm formation and hyphae growth of C. albicans was monitored for seven days by CFU, XTT, confocal, mean cell density and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Uncoated titanium was the Control. All tests had three independent biological samples and were performed in independent triplicates. Data was analyzed with one- or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).ResultsBoth TiGD and TiGV presented less biofilms at all times points compared with Control. The confocal and SEM images revealed few adhered cells on graphene coated samples, absence of hyphae and no features of a mature biofilm architecture. The increase in number of layers of graphene nanocoating did not improve its antibiofilm potential.SignificanceThe graphene nanocoating exerted a long-term persistent inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation on titanium. The fewer cells that were able to attach on graphene coated titanium were scattered and unable to form a mature biofilm with hyphae elements. The findings open opportunities to prevent microbial attachment and proliferation on implantable materials without the use of antibiotics.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in 5-year-old girl with dyskeratosis congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare inherited bone marrow failure syndrome with three distinct clinical features: nail dystrophy, reticular skin pigmentation, and oral leukoplakia. The case of a 5-year-old female patient diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is reported here. An autosomal dominant type 3 TINF2 mutation subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of dyskeratosis congenita. The traditional tongue cancer treatment was adapted for this young patient. While the tongue cancer lesions and leukoplakia were removed, the deep margins were minimized to preserve the tongue muscles and flap surgery was avoided. Additional conservative measures were applied to suppress new leukoplakia lesions.     

Pedicled Islanded Nasolabial Flap Tunneled Under Mandible for Tongue Reconstruction

BackgroundNasolabial flap is reliable flap in the reconstruction of oral defects over a period of time. Still there is scanty literature available of using this flap for reconstruction of isolated defects of tongue. We carried out this study in our patients to assess the role of pedicled nasolabial flap in reconstruction of isolated tongue defects.MethodsIn total, 11 patients with T1 and T2 tongue cancer were selected for the study. The functional improvement in the form of speech and swallowing was evaluated postoperatively.ResultsThe flap was successfully taken in all patients except for marginal or tip loss. This is a locally available flap with minimal operating time and does not require microvascular skills. The results of speech and swallowing after reconstruction were comparable.ConclusionNasolabial flap is an excellent locally available flap for the reconstruction of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and with very minor, if any postoperative cosmetic defect.     

Effect of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitor GSK126 on the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

目的 观察zeste基因增强子同源物2（EZH2）抑制剂GSK126对人舌鳞状细胞癌细胞体外增殖与凋亡的影响,并探讨其相关机制,为舌鳞状细胞癌的临床治疗提供新思路。方法 将不同浓度的GSK126作用于舌鳞状细胞癌CAL-27细胞,通过甲基噻唑基四唑（MTT）、克隆形成、5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（EdU）荧光染色实验检测药物对细胞增殖能力的影响;采用Hoechst33342荧光染色、JC-1法观察细胞凋亡情况;采用Western blot法检测CAL-27细胞内相关蛋白细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）、磷酸化的细胞外调节蛋白激酶（p-ERK）、Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved caspase-9的表达水平。结果 GSK126能抑制CAL-27细胞增殖并对细胞凋亡有促进作用。GSK126能下调细胞内p-ERK、Bcl-2的表达水平,同时可增加Bax、Cleaved caspase-9的表达（P<0.05）。结论 GSK126可抑制舌鳞状细胞癌CAL-27细胞的增殖,并且能促进其凋亡,其机制可能与抑制MEK/ERK信号通路以及激活Bax/Bcl-2通路有关。     

舌静脉畸形的DSA分型及治疗—132例临床分析

目的:探讨舌静脉畸形(venous malformations,VM)的数字减影血管造影（digital substraction angiography, DSA）分型及治疗策略。方法:总结2016年2月—2019年2月收治的132例舌VM患者的DSA表现,根据影像学特征将其分为4型,Ⅰ型为无回流型、Ⅱ型为低回流型、Ⅲ型为高回流型、Ⅳ型为广泛型,依据分型选择不同的治疗方案。无回流型单纯采用平阳霉素进行硬化治疗,低回流型单纯采用聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂进行硬化治疗,高回流型采用无水乙醇结合聚桂醇泡沫硬化剂进行硬化治疗,广泛型先按高回流型进行硬化治疗后再结合整形手术切除。统计各组病例的治疗效果及不良反应。结果:本组132例病例获得12~41个月随访,平均15.8个月,所有患者术后舌VM明显缩小甚至消失。Ⅰ型8例,有效率100%;Ⅱ型17例,有效率100 %;Ⅲ型98 例,有效率90.8 %;Ⅳ型 9例,有效率77.8%。不良反应主要为组织溃烂、坏死,Ⅰ型0例;Ⅱ型1例,发生率5.88%; Ⅲ型16例,发生率16.33%;Ⅳ型7例,发生率77.78%。结论:基于DSA的舌VM分型对临床治疗具有重要指导意义。舌VM中大部分为Ⅲ型病例,Ⅰ型比例最小。经黏膜注射无水乙醇是治疗高回流型和广泛型舌VM的有效方法。     

Thin superficial inferior epigastric artery perforator flap for reconstruction of the tongue

The superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap is widely used in the repair of large soft tissue defects of the extremities and in breast reconstruction. Because of the high fat content of the abdomen, it has been less used for glossectomy reconstruction. Here we present a series of seven patients who each underwent reconstruction with a thin SIEA flap after resection of the tongue. There were six men and one woman (mean age 48, range 24–66 years). All patients underwent preoperative computed tomographic (CT) angiography, and colour Doppler ultrasound (US) was used to select and map the most suitable SIEA. The flap was raised above the Scarpa's layer while adjusted the plane of dissection according to the specific needs for bulk in each case. All the flaps survived; one flap required a secondary anastomosis because of a venous anastomotic embolus. The size of flap used was 5.0 cm × 6.0 cm - 7.0 cm × 9.0 cm, and the flap was 0.8 cm-1.4 cm thick. The functional outcome was evaluated at 6 - 18 months follow up, when speech and swallowing were both good in all cases. The dissection above the pubic symphysis is an important refinement of the SIEA flap, and we conclude that the thin SIEA flap is a good choice for reconstruction after excision of cancer of the tongue.     

种植体表面抗菌技术的分类与研究进展

随着种植体在口腔领域的广泛应用,口腔种植体相关的感染成为威胁种植体远期疗效的重大隐患。种植体表面的菌斑和生物膜与感染密切相关,一种有效的途径是通过种植体表面抗菌技术处理以防止微生物的聚集与粘附,本文就种植体表面抗菌技术的分类与研究进展作一综述。