Properties of Magnetic Garnet Films for Flexible Magneto-Optical Indicators Fabricated by Spin-Coating Method

Non-destructive testing using a magneto-optical effect is a high-resolution non-destructive inspection technique for a metallic structure. It is able to provide high-spatial resolution images of defects. Previously, it has been difficult to fabricate flexible magneto-optical sensors because thermal treatment is necessary to crystallize the magnetic garnet. Therefore, it was not possible to apply magneto-optical imaging to complicated shapes in a test subject, such as a curved surface. In this study, we developed a new process for deposition of the magnetic garnet on the flexible substrate by applying the magnetic garnet powders that have already undergone crystallization. In this new process, as it does not require thermal treatment after deposition, flexible substrates with low heat resistance can be used. In this paper, we report our observations of the optical properties, magnetic hysteresis loop, crystallizability and density of the particles on the flexible substrate deposited by the spin-coating method.     

Is it possible that direct rigid laryngoscope-related ischemia–reperfusion injury occurs in the tongue during suspension laryngoscopy as detected by ultrasonography: a prospective controlled study

Abstract

Background: Tongue-related complications can be seen in suspension laryngoscopy (SL) procedures.

Aims/objectives: This study aimed to detect tongue edema associated with the pressure exerted by a rigid direct laryngoscope by measuring the tongue area using ultrasonography (USG) in patients undergoing SL procedures.

Material and methods: The study group included 31 patients and the control group consisted of 33 patients. Submental USG examinations of the tongue in the coronal plane were performed. In the study and control groups, the first examination (TA¹) was done immediately after intubation and the second examination (TA²) was done after the surgery procedure but before extubation. The USG results regarding tongue area for both the groups were compared.

Results: The study and control groups significantly differed in terms of the postoperative tongue area measurements (TA²), as well as tongue edema (based on the TA²???TA¹) values.

Conclusions and significance: Direct rigid laryngoscopes may cause tongue edema in SL procedures which was demonstrated by the USG. This tongue edema can be a result of ischemia–reperfusion injury in the tongue due to the pressure exerted by a direct rigid laryngoscope. This study is the first to demonstrate the possible role of USG examination in determining the side effects of SL procedures on the tongue.

Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04205253     

Intracellular claudin‐1 at the invasive front of tongue squamous cell carcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis

Claudins are the major component of tight junctions, which form a primary barrier to paracellular diffusion and maintain cell polarity in normal epithelia and endothelia. In cancer cells, claudins play additional roles besides serving as components of the tight junctions, and participate in anoikis or invasion. Among the claudin family proteins, claudin‐1 has the most promising potential, both diagnostically and prognostically, in many types of cancers, including oral, gastric, liver, and colon cancers. However, conflicting results have been reported in relation to the degree of claudin‐1 expression and the prognosis, suggesting that the expression level of claudin‐1 alone is not sufficient to analyze the relationship between claudin‐1 and cancer progression. As endocytic trafficking of claudin‐1 has been reported in several epithelial cell types in vitro, we aimed to determine whether intracellular localization of claudin‐1 is the missing aspect between claudin‐1 and cancer. We investigated the expression of claudin‐1 in 83 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) pathological specimens. Although the expression level of claudin‐1 based on immunohistochemistry was not associated with TSCC progression, within the high claudin‐1 expression group, the incidence of intracellular localization of claudin‐1 was correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis. In an in vitro experiment, claudin‐1 was constitutively internalized in TSCC‐derived cells. Motility of TSCC‐derived cells was increased by deficiency of claudin‐1, suggesting that the decrease in cell‐surface claudin‐1 promoted the cell migration. Therefore, intracellular localization of claudin‐1 at the invasion front may represent a promising diagnostic marker of TSCC.     

KRAS mutations in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Background: p16^INK4a (p16) expression in tongue cancer (TC) is reportedly not associated with human papilloma virus (HPV). Mutations of KRAS in cancer cells are most frequently observed within codon 12. However, few reports have investigated the association between KRAS mutations and p16 status in TC.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of KRAS mutations on TC.

Methods: Clinical records and surgically resected specimens of 85?TC patients were analyzed. Tumor samples were analyzed for mutations of KRAS located within codons 12 and 13. p16 staining was performed and considered positive in cases with moderate to strong nuclear and cytoplasmic staining.

Results: Positive p16 staining was observed in 10 cases (11.8%). A KRAS mutation was detected in one case (1.2%). The case with KRAS mutation showed negative p16 staining. Despite being at an early stage, the patient died of lung metastasis at 43 months from initial treatment.

Conclusions and Significance: KRAS mutations are not associated with p16 expression in TC and may predict poor prognosis in TC patients. Further analysis of mutations in regions other than codons 12 and 13 of KRAS will be necessary to determine the relationship between KRAS mutations and prognosis of this disease.     

钛及钛合金表面制备羟磷灰石梯度涂层的研究进展

羟磷灰石(HA)常涂覆于钛及钛合金表面使其获得良好的力学和生物学性能,HA梯度涂层的研制为解决HA和钛及钛合金热膨胀系数不匹配的问题提供途径.本文就钛及钛合金表面制备HA梯度涂层的研究进展作一综述.     

Application of PVD TiN coating to Co-Cr-Mo based surgical implants

The requirements for successful joint arthroplasty are particularly exacting; a balanced combination of mechanical properties together with good biocompatibility are essential. Co-Cr based alloys have been used for many years on account of their relative inertness, good load bearing properties and excellent wear resistance. There is, however, concern that a slow accumulation of metal ions such as cobalt and chromium can lead to adverse clinical reactions; modern cementless fixation techniques may exacerbate this problem.

In an attempt to reduce the release of potentially harmful metal ions from Co-Cr-Mo based surgical implants, a thin coating of TiN has been applied via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD). In vitro corrosion performance has been investigated using electrochemical techniques, and also by atomic absorption analysis.

The release of cobalt and chromium ions is shown to be reduced by the presence of the TiN coating, and these results are discussed in terms of the electrochemistry and microstructure of the coating and substrate.     

Preparation of Indapamide slow-release pellets

During the process of developing a slow-release formulation of indapamide, researchers created a drug-containing pellet coated with Eudragit RS100 (Rohm GMbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt, Germany) to control the rate at which the drug was released. The two main variables were the agglomerants used in the pellet preparation and the amount of Eudragit RS100 used to coat them. The optimal outcome was indicated by the greatest number of drug-containing pellets recovered through an 18- to 24-mesh sieve and a satisfactory 24-hour release curve. The kinetics of dissolution fit the Higuchi kinetics model. Stability tests of the drug pellets showed no notable changes in the rate of drug release, related substances (mean byproducts or impurities from interactions or decompositions), and drug content.     

Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Wear Resistance of Fe901/Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding

Fe901/Al₂O₃ metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings were deposited on the surface of 45 steel via electromagnetic field (EF)-assisted laser cladding technology. The influences of EF on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and wear resistance of the Fe901/Al₂O₃ MMC coating were investigated. The generated Lorentz force (F_L) and Joule heating due to the application of EF had a positive effect on wear resistance. The results showed that F_L broke up the columnar dendrites. Joule heating produced more nuclei, resulting in the formation of fine columnar dendrites, equiaxed dendrites, and cells. The EF affected the content of hard phase in the coatings while it did not change the phase composition of the coating, because the coatings with and without EF assistance contained (Fe, Cr), (Fe, Cr)₇C₃, Fe₃Al, and (Al, Fe)₄Cr phases. The microhardness under 20 mT increased by 84.5 HV_0.2 compared to the coating without EF due to the refinement of grains and the increased content of hard phase. Additionally, the main wear mechanism switched from adhesive wear to abrasive wear.