光果葶苈全草中硫代葡萄糖苷总量的测定

目的:测定光果葶苈全草中硫代葡萄糖苷的总含量,为进一步研究开发提供基础科学资料。方法:采用硫酸根离子沉淀法。结果:光果葶苈全草中硫代葡萄糖苷总含量为0.95%。结论:光果葶苈全草中硫代葡萄糖苷含量高,有较大的开发价值。     

菘蓝属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

菘蓝属植物在中国药用历史悠久,其中菘蓝的根和叶即为板蓝根和大青叶。该属植物化学成分多样,主要包括生物碱类、硫代葡萄糖苷类、木脂素类、黄酮类等,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗内毒素、抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫增强等药理作用。本文对近40年来国内外有关菘蓝属植物化学成分和药理作用的文献进行系统的总结,为该属植物的进一步研究开发提供参考。     

Transient gene silencing of galectin-3 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion through degradation of β-catenin

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and often has a poor prognosis because of its late diagnosis, aggressive local invasion, early metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine is effective for treating advanced pancreatic cancer, but its efficacy remains less than satisfactory. It is expected that further investigation of pancreatic cancer cell invasion and development of strategies to block this process should improve the disease prognosis. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that galectin-3 (gal-3), a multifunctional member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, may regulate pancreatic cancer cell motility and silencing of it inhibit cell motility. Previous studies demonstrated that this protein is associated with tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastasis. Here, we used gal-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence its expression in various pancreatic cancer cell lines to determine whether gal-3 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. We found that silencing gal-3 reduced cellular migration and invasion, but failed to affect proliferation. In gal-3 siRNA-transfected cells, we detected a decrease in β-catenin expression, an important signal for cancer cell invasion, which was caused by downregulation of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β. We also found that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression was reduced by gal-3 silencing. These results indicate that gal-3-mediated invasion via MMP-2 regulated by β-catenin degradation is initiated by Akt phosphorylation in pancreatic cancer cells. Our results suggest that gal-3 can be a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.     

新疆芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷提取工艺条件的优化

目的研究从新疆芜菁中提取硫代葡萄糖苷的最佳工艺条件并对其含量进行测定。方法在单因素实验基础上,采用L9(34)正交实验设计安排实验,采用硫酸根离子沉淀法测定芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量。结果选用提取时间、料液比及提取次数作为研究因素,以提取液中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量为考察指标,各因素对芜菁硫代葡萄糖苷提取率的影响程度大小顺序为:提取时间>料液比>提取次数>D,D为误差项,提取时间、提取次数对硫代葡萄糖苷的提取的影响具有显著影响,而料液比的影响不显著。结论经L9(34)正交实验和方差分析,得到从芜菁中提取硫代葡萄糖苷最佳工艺条件为:提取次数为1次,提取时间为120min,料液比为1∶10。     

Synthesis of [2,3,4,5,6‐2H5]phenyl glucosinolate

Starting from commercially available [2,3,4,5,6‐²H₅]benzoic acid, [2,3,4,5,6‐²H₅]phenyl glucosinolate was synthesized. Under negative‐ion electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometric conditions, this compound affords a peak at m/z 399. Since this m/z value is not known from the ions derived from natural glucosinolates, the [2,3,4,5,6‐²H₅]phenyl glucosinolate reported here is useful as an internal standard for the quantification of glucosinolates by negative‐ion mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of the germination temperature on the phytochemical content of broccoli and rocket sprouts

This study investigates the effect of different germination temperatures (10, 20 and 30?°C) on the phytochemical content as well as reducing and antioxidant capacity of broccoli and rocket sprouts. In both seeds and sprouts, the total glucosinolates and ascorbic acid contents did not differ between vegetables, while broccoli exhibited exceptionally higher polyphenols and greater reducing and antioxidant capacity compared to rocket. In both species, an increase in germination temperature positively affected the glucosinolate content. Ascorbic acid increased during germination without a difference among the three tested temperatures. The phenol content in broccoli sprouts increased when they were grown at 30?°C, but the amount decreased at the highest temperatures in rocket. The reducing and antioxidant capacities increased with germination, and higher indexes were detected at 10?°C, particularly in rocket. Different germination temperatures differentiate the health-promoting phytochemical content and antioxidant properties in broccoli and rocket sprouts.     

Black cabbage seed extract affects rat Cyp-mediated biotransformation: Organ and sex related differences

Brassicaceae are widely consumed in many parts of the world and their dietary intake has been associated with cancer risk reduction. Extracts and metabolites derived from cruciferous vegetables have thus gained popularity as potential cancer chemopreventive agents. We have previously found, unexpectly, that glucoraphanin, the most extensively present glucosinolate in these vegetables, is a potent mutagen bioactivating Phase-I enzyme inducer. In the present study, the influence of black cabbage seed extract, rich in glucoraphanin, was investigated on Phase-I enzymes in different organs of male or female rats. Oral seed extract injection at 120 or 240 mg/kg b.w. for one or four consecutive days, significantly affected various cytochrome P450 (CYP) –linked monooxygenases in a complex way being the lung the most responsive organ (in males, up to ∼2600% increase for CYP2B1/2 isoform and ∼96% loss for CYP1A1, CYP3A1/2). These findings indicate that the extract may strongly enhance and/or suppress rat xenobiotic biotransformation pathways and that caution should be paid to the possible influence on human metabolism. These data suggest an overall evaluation of the balance between beneficial vs. possible adverse effects for each agent, even if of natural origin, prior to routinely, preventive mass use.     

Myrosinase hydrolysates of Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica reduce the risk of colon cancer

By means of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (LC-ESI) mass spectrometry two glucosinolates, glucoiberin and 3-hydroxy,4(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl glucosinolate, were identified in the aqueous extract of Brassica oleraceae L var. italica. Further, two compounds were isolated after enzymatic hydrolysis of the aqueous extract by myrosinase, one of them was identified as 4-vinyl-3-pyrazolidinone. The second compound (sulphoraphane) 1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl-sulphinyl butane, converted to the most stable form of thiourea (sulphoraphane thiourea). The crude extract (80% alcohol extract) of broccoli florets was examined for cytotoxic activity against different human cancer cell lines, it showed good inhibition of colon cancer (IC(50) 3.88 μg/mL). On the other hand each of the successive extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) showed no significant cytotoxic activity. When myrosinase hydrolysate was tested for cytotoxic activity on the colon cancer cell line it showed very high activity - 95% lethality up to 0.78 μg/mL.     

Raphanus sativus L. var niger as a source of Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Cholesterol Gallstones

Raphanus sativus L. var niger (black radish) is a plant of the cruciferous family with important ethnobotanical uses for the treatment of gallstones in Mexican traditional medicine. It has been established that the juice of black radish decreases cholesterol levels in plasma and dissolves gallstones in mice. Glucosinolates, the main secondary metabolites of black radish, can hydrolyze into its respective isothiocyanates and have already demonstrated antioxidant properties as well as their ability to diminish hepatic cholesterol levels; such therapeutic effects can prevent the formation of cholesterol gallstones. This disease is considered a current problem of public health. In the present review, we analyze and discuss the therapeutic effects of the main glucosinolates of black radish, as well as the effects that this plant has on cholesterol gallstones disease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nitrates and Glucosinolates as Strong Determinants of the Nutritional Quality in Rocket Leafy Salads

Rocket is an important leafy vegetable crop and a good source of antioxidants and anticancer molecules such as glucosinolates and other sulfur compounds. Rocket is also a hyper-accumulator of nitrates which have been considered for long time the main factors that cause gastro-intestinal cancer. In this review, the content of these compounds in rocket tissues and their levels at harvest and during storage are discussed. Moreover, the effect of these compounds in preventing or inducing human diseases is also highlighted. This review provides an update to all the most recent studies carried out on rocket encouraging the consumption of this leafy vegetable to reduce the risk of contracting cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.