Antiinflammatory effects of ginger and some of its components in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells

The proinflammatory chemokine interleukin‐8 is increased in asthmatic patients. Traditionally, ginger is used as an antiinflammatory drug. An extract and several compounds of Zingiber officinale (ginger) were tested in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B cells) with respect to their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted). An oily extract of ginger rhizome with > 25% total pungent compounds, ginger volatile oil, ar‐curcumene and α‐pinene reduced the LPS‐induced IL‐8 secretion (measured by a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay), whereas a spissum extract, the pungents [6]‐gingerol and its metabolite [6]‐shogaol, and the terpenoids citral and β‐phellandrene showed no effect. The LPS‐induced slight increase of RANTES was reduced by volatile oil, ar‐curcumene and α‐pinene. There was no effect of LPS on TNF‐α. Our results suggest that distinct ginger compounds could be used as antiinflammatory drugs in respiratory infections. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

路玫教授隔姜灸治疗甲状腺功能低下症经验

目的：总结路玫教授诊治甲状腺功能低下的临床经验。方法：通过阐述甲状腺功能低下的病因病机、临床表现,尤其是中医针灸诊治本病的要点,分析路玫教授善用隔姜灸治疗甲状腺功能低下综合征的取穴依据和作用机理。结果：通过临床观察与疗效分析,发现以隔姜灸为主治疗甲状腺功能低下综合征疗效显著,无不良反应,价格低廉,依从性强。结论：隔姜灸为主治疗甲状腺功能低下综合征不失为一种有效安全,简便经济的绿色疗法。     

干姜HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:通过建立干姜HPLC指纹图谱,为干姜全面质量评价提供参考依据。方法:色谱柱为Agilent TC-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为240 nm,采用"中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件"进行处理。结果:10批干姜药材在240 nm下的色谱指纹图谱有10个共有峰,相似度在99%以上。结论:240 nm下干姜指纹图谱专属性及特征性较强,样品信息丰富,可作为干姜质量评价提供参考。     

干姜、姜皮和姜炭的HPLC指纹图谱比较

目的:建立干姜、姜皮、姜炭的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,指认其主要成分,分析比较其化学成分的差异。方法:采用HPLC-UV法,Agilent TC-C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,二元梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器,对来源于全国10个产地的干姜、姜皮、姜炭的指纹图谱进行比较,采用国家药典委员会颁布的"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"(2004 A)软件进行分析评价。结果:在该指纹图谱中,指认出了其中的6-姜酚,8-姜酚,6-姜稀酚,10-姜酚4个色谱峰;与干姜相比,姜炭中的6-姜酚含量明显降低,而6-姜稀酚的含量明显增高,同时,姜炭中产生了一些原来干姜中没有的成分。结论:该指纹图谱专属性强,方法稳定、可靠,可为研究干姜、姜皮、姜炭中的成分差异提供参考,同时也为研究生姜的炮制机制进行了一定的探索。     

UPLC法测定不同产地炮姜药材中5种姜酚类成分的含量

目的:建立UPLC法同时测定炮姜中5种姜酚类成分含量的方法,比较14个不同产地炮姜药材中有效成分的含量差异。方法:UPLC法色谱条件为:Acquity BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱;乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速0.25 m L/min,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃。结果:5种姜酚类成分呈现较好的回归方程和相关系数,相关系数均大于0.999 5,平均回收率分别为98.18%、99.41%、97.70%、97.64%和97.51%;14批不同产地炮姜中5种姜酚类成分的含量差异明显。结论:该实验方法快捷、稳定、重复性好,能够准确地测定炮姜中5种姜酚类成分的含量,为评价炮姜的质量和炮制工艺提供了分析方法。     

Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture and Ginger Moxibustion for Preventing Gastrointestinal Reactions to Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with ginger moxibustion against gastrointestinal tract reactions (nausea, vomiting, and constipation) to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients with gynecological tumors treated by chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (30 cases) underwent wrist-ankle acupuncture and ginger moxibustion, whereas tropisetron hydrochloride and dexamethasone were intravenously administered to the control group (30 cases) during chemotherapy. Results: The frequency of nausea in the treatment group was significantly less than that of the control group from the 2nd to the 5th day of chemotherapy (P<0.01). The anti-emetic effect in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group on the 3rd day of therapy (P<0.05). The incidence rate of constipation was significantly lower in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the cost of therapy for the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01). Only 1 patient manifested a post-acupuncture side effect in the form of subcutaneous blood stasis. Conclusion: Wrist-ankle acupuncture combined with ginger moxibustion could prevent gastrointestinal tract reactions to chemotherapy in cancer patients. In addition, the proposed method had fewer side effects, lower cost, and less risk.     

正交试验优选干姜中姜辣素的提取工艺

目的：优选干姜Zingiber OffcinaIe Rosc.中姜辣素的提取工艺。方法：采用回流提取和超声提取干姜中的姜辣素,采用紫外分光光度法测定姜辣素含量,并以辣椒碱的含量为指标,采用正交试验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间及提取次数对提取工艺的影响,确定最佳提取工艺。结果：相比超声提取,回流提取姜辣素含量更高。且回流提取最佳提取工艺：10倍量体积分数80%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。结论：优选的提取工艺提取率高、稳定性好,可为干姜的工业化生产工艺提供指导。     

HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with chemometrics for pattern recognition of ginger

Context: Ginger, the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae), has been used worldwide; however, for a long time, there has been no standard approbated internationally for its quality control.

Objective: To establish an efficacious and combinational method and pattern recognition technique for quality control of ginger.

Methods: A simple, accurate and reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection was developed for establishing the chemical fingerprints of 10 batches of ginger from different markets in China. The method was validated in terms of precision, reproducibility and stability; and the relative standard deviations were all less than 1.57%. On the basis of this method, the fingerprints of 10 batches of ginger samples were obtained, which showed 16 common peaks. Coupled with similarity evaluation software, the similarities between each fingerprint of the sample and the simulative mean chromatogram were in the range of 0.998–1.000. Then, the chemometric techniques, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis were applied to classify the ginger samples.

Results and conclusion: Consistent results were obtained to show that ginger samples could be successfully classified into two groups. This study revealed that HPLC-PDA method was simple, sensitive and reliable for fingerprint analysis, and moreover, for pattern recognition and quality control of ginger.     

吸氧联合生姜鼻疗法预防乳腺癌化疗后急性呕吐的疗效观察

[目的]观察吸氧联合生姜鼻疗法预防乳腺癌化疗后急性呕吐的疗效。[方法]将60例乳腺癌首次使用TAC方案化疗病人,随机分为观察组与对照组,观察组在常规给予止吐药物治疗外予吸氧联合生姜鼻疗法,对照组予常规止吐药物治疗,运用世界卫生组织（WHO）关于化疗药物急性及亚急性毒性反应分级标准评估疗效,并对比观察组与对照组急性呕吐的发生程度。[结果]两组急性呕吐发生程度及有效率比较,观察组有效率为86.66%,对化疗后急性呕吐的缓解程度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]在病人化疗开始给予吸氧联合生姜鼻疗法能有效预防乳腺癌化疗后急性呕吐反应。     

建昌帮姜天麻水分和浸出物测定

目的: 测定建昌帮姜天麻水分和醇溶性浸出物的含量,为建昌帮姜天麻特色炮制工艺提供科学性评价依据。方 法: 对建昌帮姜天麻进行水分和醇溶性浸出物测定,水分按照《中国药典》2020（通则0832）项下烘干法测定;醇溶性浸出物按照《中国药典》2020年版天麻浸出物—照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201)项下的热浸法测定。结果: 4批建昌帮姜天麻中乙醇浸出物含量分别为15.69%;24.0%;24.6%;24.0%。水分分别为11.0%;11.0%;11.3%;10.1%。结论: 4批建昌帮姜天麻水分和醇浸出物含量均符合2020年版《中国药典》标准要求。